Evaluation and optimization strategy for heat exposure space based on behavioral characteristics of crowd activity: A case study of the central Beijing

Abstract With the increase of urbanization and global warming in recent years, extreme heat wave events have occurred frequently, and heat waves have caused significant impact on human health and even social development, and heat exposure has become an important environmental cause of human morbidity and mortality. From a human perspective, this paper studies the spatial and temporal characteristics of street heat exposure space and the spatial and temporal differences of crowd activities in central urban areas of Beijing with the help of ArcGIS platform spatial analysis. Combining the spatial distribution of urban street heat exposure with crowd activities, the risk assessment of street heat exposure space during high temperature period is carried out to determine the distribution of high-risk grades. This paper identifies street functions by combining POI data, and divides crowd activities into "necessary activities" and "spontaneous activities" according to street types. Combined with the conclusion on the spatial distribution of dangerous heat, this paper aims to target the spatial environment characteristics of high-risk heat exposure from a humanistic perspective. This paper proposes optimization strategies for the mitigation and reconstruction of dangerous heat space of different population behavior types from three aspects: environmental construction, behavioral activities and physical and mental needs.