Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

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It is found primarily in isolated mangrove forests in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Sulawesi in Indonesia. Despite significant studies on mangrove biodiversity in this region, the occurrence of C. philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, is not extensively recorded. Methods The study was conducted by exploring the mangrove forests along Balikpapan Bay. The first survey of about 200 km was conducted to observe mangrove vegetation and found one C. philippinensis tree. The second survey focused on the area around the first discovered C. philippinensis tree to census and record its growth stage and distribution. Results The study recorded a population of 527 individuals of C. philippinensis in Pantai Lango Village, East Kalimantan, dominated by seedlings. The high number of seedlings indicates good natural regeneration potential, but the low number of trees indicates intense competition for space in a restricted habitat. This species inhabits a small and restricted area in Balikpapan Bay, in the middle area of Balikpapan Bay, and is associated with other mangrove flora, such as Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, Lumnitzera littorea, Osbornia octodonta, Ceriops tagal, and Xylocarpus granatum. Conclusions C. philippinensis is vulnerable to habitat damage from anthropogenic activities, which could lead to local extinction. Its natural habitat in Balikpapan Bay also has the potential to be under pressure due to the development of Indonesia’s new capital city (Ibu Kota Nusantara/IKN). It emphasizes the need to understand the ecological role of this protected flora in the natural habitat of protected fauna (the proboscis monkey). Documenting the population of C. philippinensis is crucial for conservation efforts, including propagation and understanding its ecological role. 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F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Brief Report Revised Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] Bina Swasta Sitepu 1 , Abdul Razaq Chasani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-0739 2 , Mukhlisi Mukhlisi 3 , Tri Atmoko 3 , Burhanuddin Adman 4 , Istiana Prihatini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-1360 4 Bina Swasta Sitepu 1 , Abdul Razaq Chasani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-0739 2 , [...] Mukhlisi Mukhlisi 3 , Tri Atmoko 3 , Burhanuddin Adman 4 , Istiana Prihatini https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5858-1360 4 PUBLISHED 31 Mar 2025 Author details Author details 1 Research Center for Ecology and Etnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia 4 Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia Bina Swasta Sitepu Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Abdul Razaq Chasani Roles: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Mukhlisi Mukhlisi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Tri Atmoko Roles: Data Curation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing Burhanuddin Adman Roles: Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Istiana Prihatini Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Ecology and Global Change gateway. This article is included in the Plant Science gateway. Abstract Background Camptostemon philippinensis , found in mangrove forests in Indonesia and the Philippines, is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. It is found primarily in isolated mangrove forests in Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Sulawesi in Indonesia. Despite significant studies on mangrove biodiversity in this region, the occurrence of C. philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, is not extensively recorded. Methods The study was conducted by exploring the mangrove forests along Balikpapan Bay. The first survey of about 200 km was conducted to observe mangrove vegetation and found one C. philippinensis tree. The second survey focused on the area around the first discovered C. philippinensis tree to census and record its growth stage and distribution. Results The study recorded a population of 527 individuals of C. philippinensis in Pantai Lango Village, East Kalimantan, dominated by seedlings. The high number of seedlings indicates good natural regeneration potential, but the low number of trees indicates intense competition for space in a restricted habitat. This species inhabits a small and restricted area in Balikpapan Bay, in the middle area of Balikpapan Bay, and is associated with other mangrove flora, such as Rhizophora apiculata , Rhizophora mucronata , Sonneratia alba , Avicennia alba , Lumnitzera littorea , Osbornia octodonta , Ceriops tagal , and Xylocarpus granatum. Conclusions C. philippinensis is vulnerable to habitat damage from anthropogenic activities, which could lead to local extinction. Its natural habitat in Balikpapan Bay also has the potential to be under pressure due to the development of Indonesia’s new capital city ( Ibu Kota Nusantara /IKN). It emphasizes the need to understand the ecological role of this protected flora in the natural habitat of protected fauna (the proboscis monkey). Documenting the population of C. philippinensis is crucial for conservation efforts, including propagation and understanding its ecological role. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Major mangrove, conservation, proboscis monkey, Penajam Paser Utara, IKN Corresponding Author(s) Abdul Razaq Chasani ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Abdul Razaq Chasani Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: This study was funded by National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional/BRIN), through Pendanaan Ekspedisi dan Eksplorasi/PEE 2022 (Number SK 950/II/HK.01.00/4/2022) and Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju/RIIM 2022 (Number SK 82/II.7/HK/2022) scheme. The funding was assigned to Istiana Prihatini as the coordinator for both projects. Copyright: © 2025 Sitepu BS et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Sitepu BS, Chasani AR, Mukhlisi M et al. Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.3 ) First published: 23 Oct 2023, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.1 ) Latest published: 31 Mar 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 We have made improvements to our manuscript based on the reviewer comments. Several of the following amendments, such as changes in the demographic aspect and improvement of figure 3, also add explanation for it based on reviewer recommendation. We removed Fig. 3.B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25). We have made improvements to our manuscript based on the reviewer comments. Several of the following amendments, such as changes in the demographic aspect and improvement of figure 3, also add explanation for it based on reviewer recommendation. We removed Fig. 3.B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25). See the authors' detailed response to the review by Inocencio E Buot See the authors' detailed response to the review by Rene Rollon READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Camptostemon philippinensis (Vidal) Becc. is an endangered species comprising mangrove forests listed in the endangered category on the IUCN Red List ( Duke et al. , 2010 ). This species is one of Indonesia’s two protected mangrove species ( MEF Regulation Number 106/2018 ), so it is a high priority for conservation. C. philippinensis is a rare mangrove species globally distributed in Indonesia and the Philippines, with an estimated number of mature individuals of around 200 ( Duke et al. , 2010 ; Primavera et al. , 2004 ). In Indonesia, this species is only found on the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi ( Duke et al. , 2010 ) and mainly in isolated mangrove forests ( Djamaluddin, 2018 ). That is a lesser-known species, and so far, there are no records of its use by the community. However, the bark and leaves of C. philippinensis have the potential to contain anti-melanogenic and antibacterial chemicals ( Gadores et al. , 2021 ). Camptostemon philippinensis is one of three species in the genus Camptostemon (Malvaceae) ( Beccari, 1886 ). This species was first published as Cumingia philippinensis S. Vidal in 1885, with type specimens originating from the island of Luzon. Beccarii (1886) suggested the move to the Camptostemon genus after observing the flower and fruit organs of the early species and discovering that the features in these two organs in Cumingia were comparable to those in Camptostemon. Van De Brink (1924) reduced the species C. aruensis to a synonym for C. schultzii based on his observations on the organs of flowers and fruits. That makes C. philippinensis and C. schultzii very easy to distinguish based on the morphological character of the leaf shape, where the first species has oblong leaf blades and the last species has elliptical leaf shapes. However, molecular studies have not been carried out specifically to support this opinion. The population distribution of C. philippinensis on the island of Borneo is very limited. Previously, records of the distribution of this species in Borneo were only documented on the coast of Berau ( Mukhlisi & Sidiyasa, 2014 ). In Balikpapan Bay, several mangrove floristic studies have been conducted and recorded the richness of mangrove species, ranging from 12 species ( Kristiningrum et al. , 2019 ) to 20 species ( Warsidi & Endayani, 2017 ). Although various biodiversity studies have been carried out in the area, the presence of C. philippinensis has never been recorded ( Kristiningrum et al. , 2019 ; Sayektiningsih et al. , 2012 , 2020 ; Toulec et al. , 2022 ; Willard et al. , 2022 ). Balikpapan Bay is a mangrove ecosystem in East Kalimantan with an area of around 168 km 2 ( Toulec et al. , 2022 ), which is an essential habitat for various species of endangered wildlife, especially Borneo’s endemic primate, the proboscis monkey ( Nasalis larvatus ). However, the threat of mangrove forest conversion is still present ( Anwar et al. , 2021b ; Toulec et al. , 2022 ). The study results show that this area has one of the densest proboscis monkey population distributions, with as many as 60 groups ( Toulec et al. , 2022 ). On the other hand, mangrove vegetation has a strong interaction with the presence of proboscis monkeys because the monkeys like young leaves, seeds, and mangrove fruit as food sources ( Boonratana, 1993 ). Atmoko (2022) has reported as many as 41 plant species as food sources for proboscis monkeys from several habitats in East Kalimantan. In addition, proboscis monkeys often choose large mangrove trees on the banks of rivers or seas as sleeping trees to avoid predators. However, until now, information on the ecological role of C. philippinensis in the proboscis monkey’s natural habitats has been limited. Documentation of the C. philippinensis population is important in supporting comprehensive conservation efforts, such as propagation efforts, and understanding its ecological role for the animals around it. More importantly, because some of the Balikpapan Bay areas will be developed as a site for the new Indonesian capital city ( Ibu Kota Nusantara /IKN), this study can be used as a resource for stakeholders interested in the usage of the area. Methods Premilinary study The development being carried out in IKN as the new capital city of Indonesia has the potential to threaten the mangroves in Balikpapan Bay because the rivers in IKN end in this bay. We explored Balikpapan Bay to observe the mangrove vegetation in general in July 2022, we found a threatened species, C. philippinensis . A focused or intuitive-controlled survey was conducted to observe C. philippinensis. This approach emphasizes surveying areas with high potential habitat for the target species, relying on the surveyor’s experience, field intuition, and readiness to steer the survey ( Brewer, 2013 ). The second survey in March 2023 focused on C. philippinensis existence. The survey was carried out using a boat along approximately 200 km of the coast of Balikpapan Bay. In the first survey, only one C. philippinensis tree was found on the shores of Kowangan Island, in the middle of Balikpapan Bay. In the second survey, we focused on the area where C. philippinensis had previously been discovered. We explored within a radius of 50 km from the point where the initial tree was found. We used the AvenzaMaps application on a smartphone to navigate and estimate distances in the field and used a Garmin CSx60 GPS receiver to take coordinates. The soil texture was observed in-situ following a guideline by Stuart-Street et al. (2020) . Study area The study area was in Balikpapan Bay, covering Balikpapan City and Penajam Paser Utara Regency, where some are part of the IKN Area (0°54′27″S-1°13′59S″ and 116°38′06″E-116°50′18″E). This bay is a semi-closed water body with 56 rivers and tributaries ( Kreb et al. , 2020 ). It holds high biodiversity value ( Lahjie et al. , 2019 ; Kreb et al. , 2020 ), including fisheries resources that have been utilized by local communities for more than 150 years ( Lahjie et al. , 2019 ). Sample collection A census was carried out by measuring the height and diameter of each C. philippinensis tree discovered in the survey area. We also recorded the coordinates of each individual and growth stage based on diameter at breast height (dbh), namely seedlings (germinated seed to 1.5 m; dbh 10 cm) ( Susilowati et al. , 2019 ) A brief description of the surrounding vegetation was carried out by recording the mangrove species assumed to be associated with C. philippinensis. The herbarium specimens of C. philippinensis were collected and deposited at Herbarium Wanariset (WAN) and Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). A permit to collect the specimen was obtained from the Directorate General of Nature Resources and Ecosystem Conservation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia, Number SK 94/KSDAE/SET.3/KSA.2/5/2023. The herbarium collection of C. philippinensis from Indonesia is shown in Table 1 . Table 1. Herbarium collection of Camptostemon philippinensis from Indonesia. Collection number Collector Year of collection Location Coordinates CNJ 1973 CNJ. Delmaar 1919 Sungai Tajib, Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan 3 15′49.70″S 116 11′25.87″E 2409 G. Kjellberg 1929 Lampia, Luwu, South Sulawesi 2 43′28.59″S 121 05′38.35″E bb 14450 M. Laleno 1930 Moleo, Gorontalo 0 27′50.03″N 122 00′06.17″E bb16713 F. Ch. J. Bish 1933 Tolonggano, Donggala, Central Sulawesi 0 46′29.03″S 119 39′58.78″E bb19520 Johanes Van Zill de Jong 1935 Malili, South Sulawesi 2 46′35.31″S 121 02′28.74″E TA 100/ BO1994030 Tri Atmoko et al. 2022 Balikpapan Bay 1 08′52.65″S 116 44′47.00″E BSS 755 Bina S. Sitepu et al. 2023 Balikpapan Bay 1 09′16.51″S 116 44′44.06″E Biogeographical information about the species was gathered from the herbarium specimens published on the GBIF website ( https://www.gbif.org/ ) ( GBIF, 2023 ). A literature review on the species, genus, or mangrove species that indicated the presence of C. philippinensis was also mined to enrich the distribution data and taxonomy information ( Noor et al. , 2012 ; Giesen et al. , 2006 ; Primavera et al. , 2004 ). All data and information were used to identify the distribution and describe the novel record of the species in Teluk Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. Data analysis Based on their growth stage (seedling, sapling, and tree), each individual was tallied to calculate their overall number, which is displayed as a percentage graph. The population profile was displayed by the diameter groups. The distribution of C. phillipinensis was mapped based on the geographical position using Quantum GIS 3.30. Results The population of C. philippinensis was found on Pantai Lango Village and Kowangan Island in Penajam Paser Utara District, East Kalimantan ( Figure 1 ) ( Mukhlisi, 2023 ; Sitepu et al. , 2023 ). It was found in a narrow area, although the Balikpapan Bay mangrove forest is relatively large. The C. philippinensis habitat is on the west shore, in the middle of Balikpapan Bay. Only one individual (height = 2 m, diameter = 15 cm) was found on a small island (Kowangan Island), whereas most others inhabited the mainland’s western shore in Pantai Lango. The distance between these two locations is around 500 m. Figure 1. Habitat and distribution of Camptostemon philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan Indonesia. Based on our observations in Pantai Lango, there were around 527 individuals of C. philippinensis that were dominated by seedlings (452 individuals), followed by trees (49 individuals), and saplings (26 individuals) ( Figure 2 ). This demonstrates that even though C. philippinensis has a relatively limited range; its natural regeneration potential is functional. However, the number of saplings found was less than the tree stage, and this may be due to competition for space in a limited habitat. Generally, in mangrove forests, the number of seedlings is more abundant than the saplings, and the sapling stage is more numerous than the trees ( Islam et al. , 2015 ; Winata et al. , 2017 ). Figure 2. The percentage of the number of individuals of Camptostemon philippinensis in Pantai Lango based on the growth stage. (Total n=527 individuals). The saplings and trees of C. philippinensis have an average tree diameter ( Figure 3 ) similar to the flora in the area. The tree was observed in the early of fruiting season in March 2023, we found flowers and unripe fruits ( Figure 4 ). Figure 3. Profile of diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees and saplings of Camptostemon philippinensis in Pantai Lango. Figure 4. Fruiting specimens of Camptostemon philippinensis (A), from Balikpapan Bay the flower (B), the fruit (C), and a herbarium specimen deposited in Herbarium Bogoriensis (D). The license mentioned in the Methods section included permission to collect specimens. A population of C. philippinensis was found in the middle area of Balikpapan Bay. Our investigation found that the soil texture around the habitat of C. philippinensis is predominantly sandy, with moderate to low-intensity sea tides in the area with Balikpapan Bay. A study reported that this area experiences daily semi-diurnal tides, with a tidal range of almost 2.5 m during spring tides and 1 m during neap tides ( Anwar et al. , 2021a ). At our study site, C. philippinensis inhabits the second layer of the mangrove zone, where the inundation occurs only during high tide, while the first layer zone is always inundated. Discussion J. van Borssum Walkes identified C. philippinensis in Indonesia in 1962 based on herbarium specimens collected by CNJ Welmaar in 1919 from Pulau Laut, South Kalimantan ( Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1924 ; Troll, 1933 ) . In the following period, it was never recorded in various publications or scientific collections, so it was stated that it was no longer present in Kalimantan and grew only limitedly in the Papua region ( Macnae, 1968 ). However, Noor et al. (2012) continued to list this species along with C. schultzii as a type of mangrove plant in Kalimantan until publication by Mukhlisi and Sidiyasa (2014) based on botanical records in Tanjung Batu, Berau. While in Sulawesi, it was reported in Bunaken National Park ( Djamaluddin, 2018 ; Djamaluddin & Djabar, 2022 ) and Donggala ( Wahyuningsih et al. , 2012 ). In the Philippines, however, this species has reported to be widely spread but less abundant in each population ( Primavera et al. , 2004 ). In a limited habitat, populations of C. philippinensis tend to form stands in groups. The population is quite dominant at a certain point in a habitat, but not like Rhizophora spp. ( Mukhlisi & Sidiyasa, 2014 ). When compared with populations of other mangrove species in a wider sampling area, the population of C. philippinensis is classified as the lowest ( Djamaluddin, 2018 ; Pototan et al. , 2021 ; Wahyuningsih et al. , 2012 ). Several previous studies have also found a similar phenomenon where the population of C. philippinensis is known to be exclusive and limited to a narrow range of habitats ( Djamaluddin, 2018 ; Djamaluddin & Djabar, 2022 ; Mukhlisi & Sidiyasa, 2014 ). Although all mangrove propagules have buoyant abilities, which allows seeds to float away by seawater (hydrocory) ( Van der Stocken et al. , 2019 ), C. philippinensis requires specific ecological compatibility to colonize new habitats. C. philippinensis often inhabits a small area; its dominant habitat in Balikpapan Bay is restricted to 300 m along the mainland shore. Rhizophora apiculata , R. mucronata, Sonneratia alba , Avicennia alba , Lumnitzera littorea, Osbornia octodanta, Ceriops tagal , and Xylocarpus granatum are among the mangrove flora associated with this species . The mangrove forest formation in this location has C. philippinensis in the second layer, behind the R. apiculata , S. alba , and R. mucronata formations. Meanwhile, one individual of C. philippinensis found on Kowangan Island inhabits the shoreline. On Kowangan Island, mangrove vegetation is situated next to a mountainous terrestrial forest in a narrow configuration that is often sparse. Rhizophora apiculata , A. alba , Pongamia pinnata , Hibiscus tiliaceus, Lumnitzera littorea , and Osbornia octodonta are associated with mangrove species on Kowangan Island. We did not specifically observe the endangered species, proboscis monkeys ( Nasalis larvatus ). However, based on information from the local people (Darman, personal communication, 20 March 2022), he has seen two groups of proboscis monkeys on Kowangan Island and one group in Pantai Lango. Our observations revealed primate bite scars on the leaves of C. philippinensis , although we do not have clear evidence of the identity of the species. Proboscis monkeys are arboreal primates that rely heavily on the presence of the mangrove tree canopy. They often use large and tall trees as sleeping sites at the water’s edge. The average diameter of C. philippinensis trees in Balikpapan Bay was similar to that in other locations ( Primavera et al. , 2004 ; Pototan et al. , 2021 ). In Banaybanay, Philippines, Pototan et al. (2021) found that the average dbh (diameter of breast height) of C. philippinensis was 16.25 cm. It can naturally reach heights of 15 m and diameters of up to 50 cm ( Primavera et al. , 2004 ). The threat of C. philippinensis populations in Balikpapan Bay is increasing, primarily due to anthropogenic activity. The population is localized in a narrow and extremely limited area; damaging its habitat increases the risk of local extinction ( Figure 5 ). Changes in the status of regions in the mangrove area of Balikpapan Bay and surrounding areas ( e.g. , the Indonesia’s New Capital City area (IKN)) would lead to alterations to the landscape and human population, which could pose a threat to its habitat. Current threats to C. philippinensis include the conversion of mangrove forests, environmental pollution, illegal logging, and the development of IKN. Figure 5. Camptostemon philippinensis tree in the shoreline of Pantai Lango close to the community settlement. Conserving C. philippinensis from extinction can be done with several efforts, such as prevention, species and habitat protection and preservation, habitat restoration, and ex-situ conservation. Prevention efforts can be carried out through education and outreach to various parties regarding the existence of C. philippinensis populations in the IKN area so that their habitat can be maintained. Protecting its natural habitat can be done by establishing a local protected area for the local community. Habitat restoration can be carried out by restoring degraded habitats and raising the number of individuals in their populations. C. philippinensis in Indonesia has been listed as a protected plant under government law, and one of its natural habitats on Bunaken Islands has been designated as a conservation area and assigned as a national park. Unfortunately, no report on habitat restoration and ex-situ conservation efforts has been made until the present. Therefore, it is necessary to save genetic material from existing populations through seed storage and efforts to propagate both generatively and vegetatively, which can be used as a source of genetic material for habitat restoration or ex-situ conservation activities, as well as land rehabilitation. It is also necessary to study the genetic diversity of C. philippinensis in Indonesia, especially to determine conservation strategies, evaluate the success of restoration or reintroduction programs in other populations, and maintain genetic variation that will be important for the survival of this species. Conclusions This study recorded 527 individuals of C. philippinensis found in Pantai Lango Village. This population has a complete structure, including seedlings, saplings, and trees. The large number of seedlings shows that its natural regeneration potency is still significant. However, saplings face challenges in growing into the tree strata, possibly due to intense competition for growing space in the natural habitat, along with other environmental factors. This species is increasingly threatened, mostly due to human activity. Data availability Underlying data Zenodo: All Raw Data of Camptostemon philippinensis in Balikpapan Bay, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393832 ( Mukhlisi, 2023 ). Repositori Ilmiah Nasional (RIN) Dataverse: Data of Camptostemon philippinensis in Teluk Balikpapan, https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12690/RIN/V8VTQV ( Sitepu et al. , 2023 ). Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Acknowledgements We thank Darman for his assistance during the expedition in Balikpapan Bay. All authors have equivalent contribution in writing this manuscript and conducting the field works. 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Reference Source Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 23 Oct 2023 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Research Center for Ecology and Etnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 3 Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia 4 Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia Bina Swasta Sitepu Roles: Data Curation, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Abdul Razaq Chasani Roles: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Mukhlisi Mukhlisi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Tri Atmoko Roles: Data Curation, Methodology, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – Review & Editing Burhanuddin Adman Roles: Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Istiana Prihatini Roles: Conceptualization, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Project Administration, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information This study was funded by National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional/BRIN), through Pendanaan Ekspedisi dan Eksplorasi/PEE 2022 (Number SK 950/II/HK.01.00/4/2022) and Riset dan Inovasi untuk Indonesia Maju/RIIM 2022 (Number SK 82/II.7/HK/2022) scheme. The funding was assigned to Istiana Prihatini as the coordinator for both projects. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 31 Mar 2025, 12:1394 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.3 version 2 Revised Published: 15 Jan 2024, 12:1394 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.2 version 1 Published: 23 Oct 2023, 12:1394 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.1 Copyright © 2025 Sitepu BS et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Sitepu BS, Chasani AR, Mukhlisi M et al. Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140887.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 31 Mar 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Villegas JP. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374876 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374876 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 09 May 2025 Jhonnel P Villegas , Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Philippines Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374876 The study titled Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is generally well-written, and I recommend it for publication as a Brief Report. However, I would like to highlight several critical points for ... Continue reading READ ALL The study titled Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is generally well-written, and I recommend it for publication as a Brief Report. However, I would like to highlight several critical points for the improvement of the manuscript. Introduction : The second part of the introduction requires revision. It discusses C. aruensis , a synonym of C. schultzii , which was not previously introduced, leading to incoherence in the narrative. Population Estimate : The author reports documenting 572 individuals of C. philippinensis , but the methodology for obtaining this figure is unclear. The manuscript implies an absolute count of 572 individuals, although the actual number could vary. It is essential to include this in the methods section. While the researchers mention a 'census,' there is a need to elaborate on how this was conducted. Methodology : The methods section should present the study area first, before all subsections. The term 'preliminary study' could be changed to 'survey' as it discusses the surveys conducted to document the mangrove species. There is also a need to elaborate on the process of identifying seedlings, saplings, and trees. The main identifying characteristics should be presented. Additionally, species identification confirmation by a mangrove taxonomist may be necessary, as this is a claim for a 'new record'. New Record Clarification : It is worth noting that Balikpapan Bay has already been mapped in the global distribution range of C. philippinensis published in IUCN (Duke et al., 2008). Presenting this as a 'new record' could raise questions about the concept of new species records. It would be more appropriate to report this as the 'first' record in the bay, as this is still an important publication, considering the species is endangered. I request the editorial team to look into this more deeply. If this comment is deemed relevant, I suggest changing the title to " Camptostemon philippinensis, the first record of an endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Literature Review : It is necessary to present existing literature (both gray and published), particularly those that studied mangrove diversity in Balikpapan Bay. This is crucial to demonstrate that extensive surveys have been conducted previously, but only now have the authors documented C. philippinensis . Discussion : The discussion section may be enhanced to include information on how this discovery contributes to the global knowledge of the distribution of C. philippinensis and how it resonates with the current assessment of the IUCN Red List. Since the latest IUCN Red List assessment for this species was done in 2008, it is critical to briefly discuss how this discovery in the Balikpapan Bay could inform future assessments. The researchers could include recommendations to study the ecological relationships between C. philippinensis and Nasalis larvatus . Conclusion : The conclusion needs enhancement, as it currently only summarizes what has been previously stated in the manuscript. There is a need to expound on the implications of the findings and provide useful recommendations for further research and conservation initiatives. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: wildlife ecology, conservation biology, and regenerative futures I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Villegas JP. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374876 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374876 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rollon R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374527 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374527 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 08 May 2025 Rene Rollon , Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374527 I appreciate the authors in addressing each of the general and specific points (mostly as annotations on the earlier version of the manuscript) raised in the previous review. I can now recommend approval of the paper, with the following reservations: ... Continue reading READ ALL I appreciate the authors in addressing each of the general and specific points (mostly as annotations on the earlier version of the manuscript) raised in the previous review. I can now recommend approval of the paper, with the following reservations: (1) although I still disagree with using the term "new record", perhaps, using "local new record" (as also articulated in the reply) can be allowed. For this, I suggest to include this in the title, or at least, clearly reflected in the Abstract; (2) on the re-focusing which I suggested earlier, the actions of the authors appeared substantial and can be acceptable; (3) on Fig. 3, I appreciate the revisions done by the authors, although the "break" on the y-axis which I suggested in my earlier review (see annotation on the manuscript) has not been implemented. I will attach a photo of such a suggestion here, and/or send through email if attachment with this review is not possible. All the best! Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Aquatic EcosystemsCoastal Marine Biology and EcologyMangrove and Seagrass EcologyCoastal Resources ManagementEnvironmental Impact AssessmentEnvironmental Sciences I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rollon R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374527 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374527 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rahman R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374875 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374875 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Apr 2025 Rahman Rahman , Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374875 This article provides valuable and timely local insight into the presence of a rare and endangered mangrove species, Camptostemon philippinensis , in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. The findings significantly contribute to the regional understanding of mangrove biodiversity and conservation priorities, especially ... Continue reading READ ALL This article provides valuable and timely local insight into the presence of a rare and endangered mangrove species, Camptostemon philippinensis , in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. The findings significantly contribute to the regional understanding of mangrove biodiversity and conservation priorities, especially in the context of growing anthropogenic pressures due to national development projects. The study is methodologically sound and well-documented, and with a few targeted improvements, it has the potential to meet a high scientific standard suitable for indexed. To strengthen the manuscript further, I recommend the following revisions: Expand the statistical treatment of demographic data : Include basic descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation, and range) for key variables such as tree height and DBH (diameter at breast height). Consider incorporating a simple analysis comparing the observed size-class distribution with expected patterns in naturally regenerating mangrove populations to provide ecological context to the findings. Clarify sampling limitations : Discuss the potential implications of the narrow sampling area (limited to approximately 300–500 meters) on the generalizability of the results across Balikpapan Bay. Provide a brief justification for the selection of Pantai Lango as the primary study site over other potential locations within the bay. Enhance the vegetation context : Include a table or figure that summarizes the associated mangrove species observed alongside C. philippinensis in the study area. If available, add information on the relative abundance or frequency of these species to enrich the ecological interpretation of the habitat. By addressing these points, the manuscript will not only provide a clear and reliable record of C. philippinensis in a critical region but also offer a more comprehensive ecological narrative that will be valuable for conservation planning and biodiversity management. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Mangrove ecology and its biodiversity, mangrove blue carbon management, mangrove conservation. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rahman R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374875 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374875 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374528 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374528 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 02 Apr 2025 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374528 I appreciate the responses of the authors to my comments. Most of these are alright. I have reservations however, of the phrase "Preliminary study" under Methods? By preliminary, you mean this was done before the actual field ... Continue reading READ ALL I appreciate the responses of the authors to my comments. Most of these are alright. I have reservations however, of the phrase "Preliminary study" under Methods? By preliminary, you mean this was done before the actual field measurements described under "Sample Collection"? Will "preliminary study be the appropriate subsection title? I will this part to the editor. All my other comments had been answered well. I am approving this paper now. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374528 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374528 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 15 Jan 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rollon R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r263530 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-263530 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 31 May 2024 Rene Rollon , Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r263530 This paper reports on the occurrence of mangrove species Camptostemon philippinensis , supposedly a new record in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The authors found 527 individuals of the species in one location (Pantai Lango), while only one individual in another ... Continue reading READ ALL This paper reports on the occurrence of mangrove species Camptostemon philippinensis , supposedly a new record in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The authors found 527 individuals of the species in one location (Pantai Lango), while only one individual in another (i.e., Kowangan Island, some 500 m away from the former). Of these individuals, seedlings comprised >85% (452), with saplings (4.9%; 26) and trees (9.3%; 49) together accounting for less than 15%. Such demographic profile may be indicative of high mortality rate from seedling - (85.8%) to sapling (4.9%) growth stage, and hence, may be an alarm button for further understanding better its population dynamics, hopefully leading to design concrete management actions to conserve this endangered species in the area. General comments: Although the paper, as it is now, indeed appears to be relatively well-written, I found several issues that in my opinion should be resolved before the paper may be considered for indexing: “ new record ”: this paper is reporting the occurrence of Camptostemon philippinensis in East Kalimantan, which may indeed be a “new record” for the locality, but not really unexpected (and therefore not of news value) considering that Balikpapan Bay (East Kalimantan) is actually part of the published extant range of this species (see Duke et al. , 2010). What would be more interesting to report as “new records” are those occurrences outside the published range. Otherwise, finding 1,000 local “new records” within the known range of the species would result in 1,000 “new record” publications on the species? In fact, the occurrence of this species far more south of East Kalimantan coast has already been reported (i.e., Pulau Laut; Walkes 1962 based on herbarium specimens collected more than a century ago [1919]) and as also reflected in Fig. 1 (top chart) of this manuscript. Because Balikpapan Bay is located between Pulau Laut and Berau (where occurrence of this species has also been recorded), and also because this bay is located close to the west coast of Sulawesi where this species is also present (Fig. 1, top panel), it should not be surprising to find pocket stands (e.g., Balikpapan Bay) of this species within the range previously established. In my opinion, this finding is not unexpected, and therefore of little news value to readers. Re-focus : I would rather like to suggest to re-focus the manuscript from its current “new record” narrative into something like demographic profile of Camptostemon philippinensis near its southeastern global distribution limit. For such a reorientation, Fig. 3 would be a critical part of this new narrative. I have scribbled (annotated) as to how this figure could be made more intuitive, but perhaps a lot more information may be needed. For instance, more comparative approaches (e.g., Balikpapan vs. Berau vs. Sulawesi) and then use statistical tests for these comparisons rather than completely absent as it is now. Figure 3 : This figure may be improved immensely. Chart A can be interesting, but as it is now, it does not appear intuitive. The Chart is actually showing size-frequency distribution of the species which theoretically, should follow an exponential decay curve. I tried to combine your values (see annotations) and indeed, the Chart can look better, approximating more closely the natural (expected) trend. Chart B as it is now is not really relevant in the “narrative” and may be deleted. Specific comments: I also have several specific comments as annotations on the manuscript - please see the PDF file linked here . All the best! Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: aquatic ecosystems; coastal marine biology and ecology; mangrove- and seagrass ecology; coastal resource management; environmental impact assessment; environmental sciences I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rollon R. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r263530 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-263530 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 31 Mar 2025 Abdul Razaq Chasani , Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 31 Mar 2025 Author Response We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. ... Continue reading We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. We agree that this publication uses the term " new record " for the local new record; however, we will maintain the term to emphasize that this is the first time C. philiphinensis scientifically reported from Balikpapan Bay, when previous studies in a similar area have not recorded this species (Warsidi & Endayani, 2017, Kristiningrum et al., 2019; Sayektiningsih et al., 2012, 2020; Toulec et al., 2022; Willard et al., 2022). It should be noted that Balikpapan Bay is a very large mangrove ecosystem reaching 168 km2 that is facing the threat of ecosystem change due to the construction of Indonesia’s new capital city. The term is also used to attract stakeholders and or policymakers to pay attention to and maintain the existence of this population and their habitat. In this publication, we also add suggestions regarding conservation strategies for this species. We accept reviewer feedback by making changes on demographic aspects. We improve figure 3 and add an explanation for it based on reviewer recommendations. We removed Fig. 3. B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25) Detail of response from the reviewer comment attached in the PDF linked here . Thank you for your comment and review, we improved the article based on the reviewer comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. We agree that this publication uses the term " new record " for the local new record; however, we will maintain the term to emphasize that this is the first time C. philiphinensis scientifically reported from Balikpapan Bay, when previous studies in a similar area have not recorded this species (Warsidi & Endayani, 2017, Kristiningrum et al., 2019; Sayektiningsih et al., 2012, 2020; Toulec et al., 2022; Willard et al., 2022). It should be noted that Balikpapan Bay is a very large mangrove ecosystem reaching 168 km2 that is facing the threat of ecosystem change due to the construction of Indonesia’s new capital city. The term is also used to attract stakeholders and or policymakers to pay attention to and maintain the existence of this population and their habitat. In this publication, we also add suggestions regarding conservation strategies for this species. We accept reviewer feedback by making changes on demographic aspects. We improve figure 3 and add an explanation for it based on reviewer recommendations. We removed Fig. 3. B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25) Detail of response from the reviewer comment attached in the PDF linked here . Thank you for your comment and review, we improved the article based on the reviewer comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 31 Mar 2025 Abdul Razaq Chasani , Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 31 Mar 2025 Author Response We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. ... Continue reading We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. We agree that this publication uses the term " new record " for the local new record; however, we will maintain the term to emphasize that this is the first time C. philiphinensis scientifically reported from Balikpapan Bay, when previous studies in a similar area have not recorded this species (Warsidi & Endayani, 2017, Kristiningrum et al., 2019; Sayektiningsih et al., 2012, 2020; Toulec et al., 2022; Willard et al., 2022). It should be noted that Balikpapan Bay is a very large mangrove ecosystem reaching 168 km2 that is facing the threat of ecosystem change due to the construction of Indonesia’s new capital city. The term is also used to attract stakeholders and or policymakers to pay attention to and maintain the existence of this population and their habitat. In this publication, we also add suggestions regarding conservation strategies for this species. We accept reviewer feedback by making changes on demographic aspects. We improve figure 3 and add an explanation for it based on reviewer recommendations. We removed Fig. 3. B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25) Detail of response from the reviewer comment attached in the PDF linked here . Thank you for your comment and review, we improved the article based on the reviewer comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. We agree that this publication uses the term " new record " for the local new record; however, we will maintain the term to emphasize that this is the first time C. philiphinensis scientifically reported from Balikpapan Bay, when previous studies in a similar area have not recorded this species (Warsidi & Endayani, 2017, Kristiningrum et al., 2019; Sayektiningsih et al., 2012, 2020; Toulec et al., 2022; Willard et al., 2022). It should be noted that Balikpapan Bay is a very large mangrove ecosystem reaching 168 km2 that is facing the threat of ecosystem change due to the construction of Indonesia’s new capital city. The term is also used to attract stakeholders and or policymakers to pay attention to and maintain the existence of this population and their habitat. In this publication, we also add suggestions regarding conservation strategies for this species. We accept reviewer feedback by making changes on demographic aspects. We improve figure 3 and add an explanation for it based on reviewer recommendations. We removed Fig. 3. B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25) Detail of response from the reviewer comment attached in the PDF linked here . Thank you for your comment and review, we improved the article based on the reviewer comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r237864 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-237864 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 23 Feb 2024 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r237864 I am approving the ... Continue reading READ ALL I am approving the latest revision of the manuscript. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r237864 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-237864 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Reader Comment 04 Apr 2025 John Paul Pacyao , Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, Philippines 04 Apr 2025 Reader Comment Approved Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Approved Approved Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Reader Comment 04 Apr 2025 John Paul Pacyao , Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, Philippines 04 Apr 2025 Reader Comment Approved Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Approved Approved Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 23 Oct 2023 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.154292.r218353 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v1#referee-response-218353 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 Nov 2023 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.154292.r218353 General comments The paper is very well written actually. This is a good report as new occurrence record, but I am suggesting some more information if possible. ... Continue reading READ ALL General comments The paper is very well written actually. This is a good report as new occurrence record, but I am suggesting some more information if possible. The first paragraph under methods should have a subsection title since all the rest that follows have. Would that be reconnaissance perhaps? I think Study Area should come first as a subsection under Methods so that the authors can discuss why focus in that mangrove forest when there are so many in Indonesia? This discussion is lacking under Study Area. Were there clues or hints that they could spot the species in the area? Were the first herbarium documentations playing a key role in leading them to the area of investigation? The herbarium specimens used for biogeographic studies were not tabulated with details of the exsiccata. I would suggest having that to add veracity of the information. And even all the vouchers examined and mentioned in the results and discussions. There was no statement in the method on the use of drone to start of the reconnaissance survey. That could have been resorted to first, before ground truthing and spotting the tree using a boat. But so long as there was a thorough ground truthing anyway, that would be fine. In the results, I expect the details of the exsiccata of the herbarium vouchers collected by the authors from the study area and deposited at Herbarium Wanariset (WAN) and Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). If voucher photographs are available, it would be great to see one here in this paper. And of course, photos of the plant are wanting with details of the different organs preferably with measurements, so that readers would not have reservations of its identity. Fig 1 seems to include only field data? Would you not consider including here the distribution record of the species as documented in the herbarium collections in the past as mentioned in the discussion portion of the paper? In the discussion, there was no mention of the currently gathered data except for the reference to Fig. 5. Hence, it would appear a review paper since the data collected were not cited well. I commend the authors for doing this study and writing the paper. I hope to see this revised and published soon. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? No Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Buot IE. Reviewer Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.154292.r218353 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v1#referee-response-218353 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 13 Apr 2024 Abdul Razaq Chasani , Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 13 Apr 2024 Author Response 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. ... Continue reading 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. The Study Area subsection moved to the first subsection, followed by the Preliminary Survey subsection. The study area selection has been discussed in the methods and discussion section. The study area is an essential ecosystem located in an area that could be affected by the development of Indonesia's new capital city, so the general mangrove survey is important. A single Camptostemon philippinensis tree was spotted during the preliminary survey, collected as an herbarium, and confirmed as C. philippinensis. A second survey was then conducted to find other C. philippinensis trees in the nearby area. 5. We added the exsiccate and the figure of the herbarium. We also added a map and a table to list the herbarium collection from Indonesia. 6. We did not use a drone for the survey; all of the surveys were conducted on a boat, traveling from upstream to downstream and back. 7. We added the figures of the herbarium deposited in BO and provided the figures of the flower (Fig. 4b) and fruit (Fig. 4c). 8. We have revised Figure 1 and added the distribution record of the species.Capmtostemon philipinensis 9. The present study has described the data collection in paragraphs 2 and 3. 10. We have revised our manuscript and provided more information as reviewer suggestions. 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. The Study Area subsection moved to the first subsection, followed by the Preliminary Survey subsection. The study area selection has been discussed in the methods and discussion section. The study area is an essential ecosystem located in an area that could be affected by the development of Indonesia's new capital city, so the general mangrove survey is important. A single Camptostemon philippinensis tree was spotted during the preliminary survey, collected as an herbarium, and confirmed as C. philippinensis. A second survey was then conducted to find other C. philippinensis trees in the nearby area. 5. We added the exsiccate and the figure of the herbarium. We also added a map and a table to list the herbarium collection from Indonesia. 6. We did not use a drone for the survey; all of the surveys were conducted on a boat, traveling from upstream to downstream and back. 7. We added the figures of the herbarium deposited in BO and provided the figures of the flower (Fig. 4b) and fruit (Fig. 4c). 8. We have revised Figure 1 and added the distribution record of the species.Capmtostemon philipinensis 9. The present study has described the data collection in paragraphs 2 and 3. 10. We have revised our manuscript and provided more information as reviewer suggestions. Competing Interests: No competing interests are disclosed Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 13 Apr 2024 Abdul Razaq Chasani , Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 13 Apr 2024 Author Response 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. ... Continue reading 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. The Study Area subsection moved to the first subsection, followed by the Preliminary Survey subsection. The study area selection has been discussed in the methods and discussion section. The study area is an essential ecosystem located in an area that could be affected by the development of Indonesia's new capital city, so the general mangrove survey is important. A single Camptostemon philippinensis tree was spotted during the preliminary survey, collected as an herbarium, and confirmed as C. philippinensis. A second survey was then conducted to find other C. philippinensis trees in the nearby area. 5. We added the exsiccate and the figure of the herbarium. We also added a map and a table to list the herbarium collection from Indonesia. 6. We did not use a drone for the survey; all of the surveys were conducted on a boat, traveling from upstream to downstream and back. 7. We added the figures of the herbarium deposited in BO and provided the figures of the flower (Fig. 4b) and fruit (Fig. 4c). 8. We have revised Figure 1 and added the distribution record of the species.Capmtostemon philipinensis 9. The present study has described the data collection in paragraphs 2 and 3. 10. We have revised our manuscript and provided more information as reviewer suggestions. 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. The Study Area subsection moved to the first subsection, followed by the Preliminary Survey subsection. The study area selection has been discussed in the methods and discussion section. The study area is an essential ecosystem located in an area that could be affected by the development of Indonesia's new capital city, so the general mangrove survey is important. A single Camptostemon philippinensis tree was spotted during the preliminary survey, collected as an herbarium, and confirmed as C. philippinensis. A second survey was then conducted to find other C. philippinensis trees in the nearby area. 5. We added the exsiccate and the figure of the herbarium. We also added a map and a table to list the herbarium collection from Indonesia. 6. We did not use a drone for the survey; all of the surveys were conducted on a boat, traveling from upstream to downstream and back. 7. We added the figures of the herbarium deposited in BO and provided the figures of the flower (Fig. 4b) and fruit (Fig. 4c). 8. We have revised Figure 1 and added the distribution record of the species.Capmtostemon philipinensis 9. The present study has described the data collection in paragraphs 2 and 3. 10. We have revised our manuscript and provided more information as reviewer suggestions. Competing Interests: No competing interests are disclosed Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 23 Oct 2023 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 4 Version 3 (revision) 31 Mar 25 read read read read Version 2 (revision) 15 Jan 24 read read Version 1 23 Oct 23 read Inocencio E Buot , University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines Rene Rollon , University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Rahman Rahman , Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia Jhonnel P Villegas , Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Philippines Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Villegas J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 09 May 2025 | for Version 3 Jhonnel P Villegas , Davao Oriental State University, Mati City, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2025 Villegas J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The study titled Camptostemon philippinensis, a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, is generally well-written, and I recommend it for publication as a Brief Report. However, I would like to highlight several critical points for the improvement of the manuscript. Introduction : The second part of the introduction requires revision. It discusses C. aruensis , a synonym of C. schultzii , which was not previously introduced, leading to incoherence in the narrative. Population Estimate : The author reports documenting 572 individuals of C. philippinensis , but the methodology for obtaining this figure is unclear. The manuscript implies an absolute count of 572 individuals, although the actual number could vary. It is essential to include this in the methods section. While the researchers mention a 'census,' there is a need to elaborate on how this was conducted. Methodology : The methods section should present the study area first, before all subsections. The term 'preliminary study' could be changed to 'survey' as it discusses the surveys conducted to document the mangrove species. There is also a need to elaborate on the process of identifying seedlings, saplings, and trees. The main identifying characteristics should be presented. Additionally, species identification confirmation by a mangrove taxonomist may be necessary, as this is a claim for a 'new record'. New Record Clarification : It is worth noting that Balikpapan Bay has already been mapped in the global distribution range of C. philippinensis published in IUCN (Duke et al., 2008). Presenting this as a 'new record' could raise questions about the concept of new species records. It would be more appropriate to report this as the 'first' record in the bay, as this is still an important publication, considering the species is endangered. I request the editorial team to look into this more deeply. If this comment is deemed relevant, I suggest changing the title to " Camptostemon philippinensis, the first record of an endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia." Literature Review : It is necessary to present existing literature (both gray and published), particularly those that studied mangrove diversity in Balikpapan Bay. This is crucial to demonstrate that extensive surveys have been conducted previously, but only now have the authors documented C. philippinensis . Discussion : The discussion section may be enhanced to include information on how this discovery contributes to the global knowledge of the distribution of C. philippinensis and how it resonates with the current assessment of the IUCN Red List. Since the latest IUCN Red List assessment for this species was done in 2008, it is critical to briefly discuss how this discovery in the Balikpapan Bay could inform future assessments. The researchers could include recommendations to study the ecological relationships between C. philippinensis and Nasalis larvatus . Conclusion : The conclusion needs enhancement, as it currently only summarizes what has been previously stated in the manuscript. There is a need to expound on the implications of the findings and provide useful recommendations for further research and conservation initiatives. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? No Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise wildlife ecology, conservation biology, and regenerative futures I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Villegas JP. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374876) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374876 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rollon R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 08 May 2025 | for Version 3 Rene Rollon , Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rollon R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I appreciate the authors in addressing each of the general and specific points (mostly as annotations on the earlier version of the manuscript) raised in the previous review. I can now recommend approval of the paper, with the following reservations: (1) although I still disagree with using the term "new record", perhaps, using "local new record" (as also articulated in the reply) can be allowed. For this, I suggest to include this in the title, or at least, clearly reflected in the Abstract; (2) on the re-focusing which I suggested earlier, the actions of the authors appeared substantial and can be acceptable; (3) on Fig. 3, I appreciate the revisions done by the authors, although the "break" on the y-axis which I suggested in my earlier review (see annotation on the manuscript) has not been implemented. I will attach a photo of such a suggestion here, and/or send through email if attachment with this review is not possible. All the best! Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Aquatic EcosystemsCoastal Marine Biology and EcologyMangrove and Seagrass EcologyCoastal Resources ManagementEnvironmental Impact AssessmentEnvironmental Sciences I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Rollon R. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374527) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374527 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rahman R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Apr 2025 | for Version 3 Rahman Rahman , Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rahman R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This article provides valuable and timely local insight into the presence of a rare and endangered mangrove species, Camptostemon philippinensis , in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan. The findings significantly contribute to the regional understanding of mangrove biodiversity and conservation priorities, especially in the context of growing anthropogenic pressures due to national development projects. The study is methodologically sound and well-documented, and with a few targeted improvements, it has the potential to meet a high scientific standard suitable for indexed. To strengthen the manuscript further, I recommend the following revisions: Expand the statistical treatment of demographic data : Include basic descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation, and range) for key variables such as tree height and DBH (diameter at breast height). Consider incorporating a simple analysis comparing the observed size-class distribution with expected patterns in naturally regenerating mangrove populations to provide ecological context to the findings. Clarify sampling limitations : Discuss the potential implications of the narrow sampling area (limited to approximately 300–500 meters) on the generalizability of the results across Balikpapan Bay. Provide a brief justification for the selection of Pantai Lango as the primary study site over other potential locations within the bay. Enhance the vegetation context : Include a table or figure that summarizes the associated mangrove species observed alongside C. philippinensis in the study area. If available, add information on the relative abundance or frequency of these species to enrich the ecological interpretation of the habitat. By addressing these points, the manuscript will not only provide a clear and reliable record of C. philippinensis in a critical region but also offer a more comprehensive ecological narrative that will be valuable for conservation planning and biodiversity management. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Mangrove ecology and its biodiversity, mangrove blue carbon management, mangrove conservation. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Rahman R. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374875) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374875 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 02 Apr 2025 | for Version 3 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2025 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I appreciate the responses of the authors to my comments. Most of these are alright. I have reservations however, of the phrase "Preliminary study" under Methods? By preliminary, you mean this was done before the actual field measurements described under "Sample Collection"? Will "preliminary study be the appropriate subsection title? I will this part to the editor. All my other comments had been answered well. I am approving this paper now. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Buot IE. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.178952.r374528) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v3#referee-response-374528 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rollon R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 31 May 2024 | for Version 2 Rene Rollon , Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rollon R. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This paper reports on the occurrence of mangrove species Camptostemon philippinensis , supposedly a new record in Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The authors found 527 individuals of the species in one location (Pantai Lango), while only one individual in another (i.e., Kowangan Island, some 500 m away from the former). Of these individuals, seedlings comprised >85% (452), with saplings (4.9%; 26) and trees (9.3%; 49) together accounting for less than 15%. Such demographic profile may be indicative of high mortality rate from seedling - (85.8%) to sapling (4.9%) growth stage, and hence, may be an alarm button for further understanding better its population dynamics, hopefully leading to design concrete management actions to conserve this endangered species in the area. General comments: Although the paper, as it is now, indeed appears to be relatively well-written, I found several issues that in my opinion should be resolved before the paper may be considered for indexing: “ new record ”: this paper is reporting the occurrence of Camptostemon philippinensis in East Kalimantan, which may indeed be a “new record” for the locality, but not really unexpected (and therefore not of news value) considering that Balikpapan Bay (East Kalimantan) is actually part of the published extant range of this species (see Duke et al. , 2010). What would be more interesting to report as “new records” are those occurrences outside the published range. Otherwise, finding 1,000 local “new records” within the known range of the species would result in 1,000 “new record” publications on the species? In fact, the occurrence of this species far more south of East Kalimantan coast has already been reported (i.e., Pulau Laut; Walkes 1962 based on herbarium specimens collected more than a century ago [1919]) and as also reflected in Fig. 1 (top chart) of this manuscript. Because Balikpapan Bay is located between Pulau Laut and Berau (where occurrence of this species has also been recorded), and also because this bay is located close to the west coast of Sulawesi where this species is also present (Fig. 1, top panel), it should not be surprising to find pocket stands (e.g., Balikpapan Bay) of this species within the range previously established. In my opinion, this finding is not unexpected, and therefore of little news value to readers. Re-focus : I would rather like to suggest to re-focus the manuscript from its current “new record” narrative into something like demographic profile of Camptostemon philippinensis near its southeastern global distribution limit. For such a reorientation, Fig. 3 would be a critical part of this new narrative. I have scribbled (annotated) as to how this figure could be made more intuitive, but perhaps a lot more information may be needed. For instance, more comparative approaches (e.g., Balikpapan vs. Berau vs. Sulawesi) and then use statistical tests for these comparisons rather than completely absent as it is now. Figure 3 : This figure may be improved immensely. Chart A can be interesting, but as it is now, it does not appear intuitive. The Chart is actually showing size-frequency distribution of the species which theoretically, should follow an exponential decay curve. I tried to combine your values (see annotations) and indeed, the Chart can look better, approximating more closely the natural (expected) trend. Chart B as it is now is not really relevant in the “narrative” and may be deleted. Specific comments: I also have several specific comments as annotations on the manuscript - please see the PDF file linked here . All the best! Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No source data required Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise aquatic ecosystems; coastal marine biology and ecology; mangrove- and seagrass ecology; coastal resource management; environmental impact assessment; environmental sciences I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 31 Mar 2025 Abdul Razaq Chasani, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia We appreciate your willingness to review the publication and provide valuable advice and we accept the inputs with some improvement in the paper Respond to general review points 1-3. We agree that this publication uses the term " new record " for the local new record; however, we will maintain the term to emphasize that this is the first time C. philiphinensis scientifically reported from Balikpapan Bay, when previous studies in a similar area have not recorded this species (Warsidi & Endayani, 2017, Kristiningrum et al., 2019; Sayektiningsih et al., 2012, 2020; Toulec et al., 2022; Willard et al., 2022). It should be noted that Balikpapan Bay is a very large mangrove ecosystem reaching 168 km2 that is facing the threat of ecosystem change due to the construction of Indonesia’s new capital city. The term is also used to attract stakeholders and or policymakers to pay attention to and maintain the existence of this population and their habitat. In this publication, we also add suggestions regarding conservation strategies for this species. We accept reviewer feedback by making changes on demographic aspects. We improve figure 3 and add an explanation for it based on reviewer recommendations. We removed Fig. 3. B. and revised the DBH categories into 4 groups (25) Detail of response from the reviewer comment attached in the PDF linked here . Thank you for your comment and review, we improved the article based on the reviewer comments. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Rollon R. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r263530) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-263530 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 23 Feb 2024 | for Version 2 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2024 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I am approving the latest revision of the manuscript. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Reader Comment 04 Apr 2025 John Paul Pacyao, Institute of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology, Malita, Philippines Approved View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Buot IE. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.159723.r237864) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v2#referee-response-237864 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2023 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 Nov 2023 | for Version 1 Inocencio E Buot , Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos, Laguna, Calabarzon, Philippines 0 Views copyright © 2023 Buot I. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions General comments The paper is very well written actually. This is a good report as new occurrence record, but I am suggesting some more information if possible. The first paragraph under methods should have a subsection title since all the rest that follows have. Would that be reconnaissance perhaps? I think Study Area should come first as a subsection under Methods so that the authors can discuss why focus in that mangrove forest when there are so many in Indonesia? This discussion is lacking under Study Area. Were there clues or hints that they could spot the species in the area? Were the first herbarium documentations playing a key role in leading them to the area of investigation? The herbarium specimens used for biogeographic studies were not tabulated with details of the exsiccata. I would suggest having that to add veracity of the information. And even all the vouchers examined and mentioned in the results and discussions. There was no statement in the method on the use of drone to start of the reconnaissance survey. That could have been resorted to first, before ground truthing and spotting the tree using a boat. But so long as there was a thorough ground truthing anyway, that would be fine. In the results, I expect the details of the exsiccata of the herbarium vouchers collected by the authors from the study area and deposited at Herbarium Wanariset (WAN) and Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). If voucher photographs are available, it would be great to see one here in this paper. And of course, photos of the plant are wanting with details of the different organs preferably with measurements, so that readers would not have reservations of its identity. Fig 1 seems to include only field data? Would you not consider including here the distribution record of the species as documented in the herbarium collections in the past as mentioned in the discussion portion of the paper? In the discussion, there was no mention of the currently gathered data except for the reference to Fig. 5. Hence, it would appear a review paper since the data collected were not cited well. I commend the authors for doing this study and writing the paper. I hope to see this revised and published soon. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? No Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Botany (ecology and systematics) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 13 Apr 2024 Abdul Razaq Chasani, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia 1. Thank you for providing a review and comments on this paper. 2. We added more information as suggested. 3. A subsection title (preliminary survey) was added under the methods title. 4. The Study Area subsection moved to the first subsection, followed by the Preliminary Survey subsection. The study area selection has been discussed in the methods and discussion section. The study area is an essential ecosystem located in an area that could be affected by the development of Indonesia's new capital city, so the general mangrove survey is important. A single Camptostemon philippinensis tree was spotted during the preliminary survey, collected as an herbarium, and confirmed as C. philippinensis. A second survey was then conducted to find other C. philippinensis trees in the nearby area. 5. We added the exsiccate and the figure of the herbarium. We also added a map and a table to list the herbarium collection from Indonesia. 6. We did not use a drone for the survey; all of the surveys were conducted on a boat, traveling from upstream to downstream and back. 7. We added the figures of the herbarium deposited in BO and provided the figures of the flower (Fig. 4b) and fruit (Fig. 4c). 8. We have revised Figure 1 and added the distribution record of the species.Capmtostemon philipinensis 9. The present study has described the data collection in paragraphs 2 and 3. 10. We have revised our manuscript and provided more information as reviewer suggestions. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests are disclosed reply Respond Report a concern Buot IE. Peer Review Report For: Camptostemon philippinensis , a new record of endangered mangrove species in the Balikpapan Bay, East Kalimantan, Indonesia [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 12 :1394 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.154292.r218353) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-1394/v1#referee-response-218353 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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