Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and its clinical and hormonal profile in young females with type 1 diabetes mellitus: experience from a teaching Institution of India

Abstract Objective To investigate the prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome and its clinical and hormonal profile in females with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods 65 T1DM females were evaluated for presence of PCOS and compared with age and BMI matched females with PCOS without diabetes. Results According to Rotterdam criteria 18/65 (27%) had PCOS. Prevalence of androgen excess, hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction and PCOM was 26%, 3%, 21% and 52% respectively. The females with T1DM who had PCOS did not differ from group without PCOS. Among those who had PCOS, the mean daily insulin dose (U/kg/day) was higher in girls who had post-pubertal onset of diabetes (median, IQR; 1.2, 0.95-1.56) vs pre-pubertal (0.81, 0.75-1.2) (p=0.055) which was close to statistical significance. When the group of T1DM with PCOS was compared with PCOS females without diabetes, they had significantly lower hirsutism score (median, IQR; 1.5, 0-3 vs. 11.5, 0 – 16.5, p= 0.04), significantly higher waist hip ratio (0.91, 0.89-0.99 vs. 0.86, 0.80 – 0.89, p= 0.004) and SHBG (in nmol, 54.4, 38-86.2 vs. 28.3, 20.4-37.4, p= 0.004) Conclusion Females with T1DM have a high prevalence of menstrual abnormalities, hyperandrogenism and PCOS which is not related to metabolic control, age of onset of diabetes or insulin dose.