Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing

Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing Zhaohui Chen, Han Zhang, You Feng, Zhilong Shi, Le Zhao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Transparent, flexible temperature sensors are attractive for wearable electronics and robotic systems, yet conventional metal films compromise aesthetics while copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks suffer from severe oxidation. Here we report a high-reliability, fingerprint-patterned Cu NW temperature sensor enabled by a dual-protection architecture. Cu NW networks are semi-embedded into a PVDF film to stabilize junctions, followed by liquid-phase self-assembly growth of an ultrathin Sb 2 O 3 layer on the exposed surface. The resulting Cu NWs/PVDF@Sb 2 O 3 electrodes retain high transparency and low resistance, with negligible optoelectronic penalty and slightly improved conductivity due to favorable interfacial contact. They show minimal resistance drift under 85°C/85% RH aging, elevated temperatures, and 1% H₂O₂/NaCl exposure, and endure severe bending (down to ~ 2.5 µm radius) over 3000 cycles. The sensor exhibits linear thermoresistive response from 0-130°C with an optimized TCR of ~ 0.0032°C − 1 and excellent cycling stability. transparent electrode patterned Cu NWs enhanced stability flexible optoelectronics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8815931","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":619656993,"identity":"c8779255-54eb-40cd-bf8c-2f76c88e9e4c","order_by":0,"name":"Zhaohui Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhaohui","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":619656994,"identity":"78e43e91-be79-4317-a90f-5bd5fa25d3f2","order_by":1,"name":"Han Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Han","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":619656995,"identity":"4eacad07-6d43-4dd9-81ee-7984069088c5","order_by":2,"name":"You Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"You","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":619656996,"identity":"80c3d502-2982-40eb-8637-bfe127b74400","order_by":3,"name":"Zhilong Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhilong","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":619656998,"identity":"7509b331-3fdf-42c9-a370-732b11f27d1d","order_by":4,"name":"Le Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAyElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfmbmww8SKth4+NkbiNQi2d6WZvDgDJ+MZM8BIrUY9JwxkHzYJmdjcCOBWC0SOQYGiW1mPAY3H2+8wVBjE01Qi7lEWsGDhHNpPJK304otGI6l5TYQ0mI5I3mDQULZMR6+2zlmEowNhwlrAXrBQCKB7T8Pw80zxGo5cwSopY2NR+AGD5FawIGccIaNR7IH6JcEYvwCisqHPyrY7PnZD2+88aHGhrAWFEdKJJCiHKKFVB2jYBSMglEwMgAAIdlBeFOCxccAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-07 13:53:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106726987,"identity":"702fd1a2-60d5-4d6e-9dce-a302360a7c9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-12 18:37:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1184390,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Themanuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8815931/v1_covered_93089b14-9a47-48c9-81bf-73d77289cd7f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"transparent electrode, patterned, Cu NWs, enhanced stability, flexible optoelectronics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTransparent, flexible temperature sensors are attractive for wearable electronics and robotic systems, yet conventional metal films compromise aesthetics while copper nanowire (Cu NW) networks suffer from severe oxidation. Here we report a high-reliability, fingerprint-patterned Cu NW temperature sensor enabled by a dual-protection architecture. Cu NW networks are semi-embedded into a PVDF film to stabilize junctions, followed by liquid-phase self-assembly growth of an ultrathin Sb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e layer on the exposed surface. The resulting Cu NWs/PVDF@Sb\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e electrodes retain high transparency and low resistance, with negligible optoelectronic penalty and slightly improved conductivity due to favorable interfacial contact. They show minimal resistance drift under 85\u0026deg;C/85% RH aging, elevated temperatures, and 1% H₂O₂/NaCl exposure, and endure severe bending (down to ~\u0026thinsp;2.5 \u0026micro;m radius) over 3000 cycles. The sensor exhibits linear thermoresistive response from 0-130\u0026deg;C with an optimized TCR of ~\u0026thinsp;0.0032\u0026deg;C\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e and excellent cycling stability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Stability-Enhanced Fingerprint-Patterned Copper Nanowire Electrodes via Liquid-Phase Self-Assembled Sb2O3 Coating for Transparent Temperature Sensing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-10 20:24:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8815931/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8b80a70f-cc0e-44be-8afe-937472d19c6f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 10th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-17T14:34:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-02T17:22:54+00:00","index":24,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-17T14:38:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-10 20:24:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8815931","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8815931","identity":"rs-8815931","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}