*[email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Multimodal Imaging of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities

*[email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Multimodal Imaging of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL European Journal of Neuroscience This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 19 July 2025 V1 Latest version Share on * [email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Multimodal Imaging of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities Authors : Zihao Lu , Haolin Yin , Pan Xiang , Xuan Yi , Xiaohe Tian , and Qiyong Gong 0000-0002-5912-4871 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175289960.04881326/v1 315 views 202 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract In Parkinson’s disease (PD), blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is shifting from being viewed as a passive marker of damage to a key pathological driver and potential therapeutic target. Its disruption involves mechanisms such as abnormal α-synuclein transport, tight junction breakdown, inflammatory activation, and vascular remodeling, all of which significantly disturb the neural microenvironment. Imaging technologies are playing an increasingly pivotal role in unraveling these complex processes. Based on current clinical and experimental evidence, this review outlines the major mechanisms of BBB disruption in PD and focuses on recent advances in multiscale imaging techniques for BBB research. It covers super-resolution microscopy, two-photon imaging, MRI, and PET, emphasizing their critical value in mechanistic investigation, functional assessment, and target localization. Multimodal imaging enables cross-scale integration—from nanoscopic to macroscopic levels, and from laboratory research to clinical application—and holds promise for building a “mechanism–imaging–intervention” framework that may accelerate the translation from pathophysiological understanding to clinical intervention. * [email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Title page * [email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Multimodal Imaging of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities Zihao Lu a1 , Haolin Yin a1 , Pan Xiang 1 , Xuan Yi 4 , Xiaohe Tian 1,2 *, Qiyong Gong 1,2,3 * Running Head: Word count :10593 Figure count :5 Affiliations: 1 Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Institution of Radiology and Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China 2 The Xiamen Key Laboratory of Psychoradiology and Neuromodulation, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 3 Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China 4 Department of Machine Design & Manufacturing and Automation, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China * Correspondence author: Xiaohe Tian , Ph.D., Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610000, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Email: [email protected] Qiyong Gong , M.D., Ph.D., Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, 699 Jinyuan Xi Road, Jimei District, 361021 Xiamen, Fujian, China. Email: [email protected] a ZHL and HLY contributed equally to this work. Acknowledgements This study was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC2009900) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81621003, 81761128023, 81820108018 and 82027808) and NIH/NIMH R01MH112189-01. Declaration of competing interest All the authors declare that they have no competing interests in this paper. Supplementary Material File (manuscript-marked-version.docx) Download 342.26 KB File (manuscript-unmarked-version.docx) Download 340.79 KB File (table-1.docx) Download 36.74 KB File (table-2.docx) Download 22.34 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 19 July 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection European Journal of Neuroscience Keywords alpha-synuclein blood brain barrier mri parkinson's disease Authors Affiliations Zihao Lu Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Radiology View all articles by this author Haolin Yin Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Radiology View all articles by this author Pan Xiang Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Radiology View all articles by this author Xuan Yi Sichuan University School of Mechanical Engineering View all articles by this author Xiaohe Tian Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Radiology View all articles by this author Qiyong Gong 0000-0002-5912-4871 [email protected] Sichuan University West China Hospital Department of Radiology View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 315 views 202 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Zihao Lu, Haolin Yin, Pan Xiang, et al. * [email protected] 1 Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, Du Cane Rd, London W12 0NN UK. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Hezekiah University Umudi, Imo State, Nigeria. Multimodal Imaging of Blood–Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathological Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Authorea . 19 July 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175289960.04881326/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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