Proposing a reconfigurable bi-lateral graphene-based meta-surface for wide-band independent OAM generation in transmit/ reflect modes

Proposing a reconfigurable bi-lateral graphene-based meta-surface for wide-band independent OAM generation in transmit/ reflect modes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Proposing a reconfigurable bi-lateral graphene-based meta-surface for wide-band independent OAM generation in transmit/ reflect modes Shahryar Rasti, Amir Saman Nooramin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7683498/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves attract a lot of attention due to their application in various areas, and specifically in next-generation communication. On the other hand, the development of graphene-based active metasurfaces is increasing due to its significant benefits. In this paper, a tunable graphene-based metasurface is proposed for generating an OAM beam with various topological charges in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The goal of this work is the operation of a metasurface in three operating modes: transmission, reflection, and transmission/reflection simultaneously. The incident beam can be reflected, transmitted, or divided equally into transmitted/ reflected beams with independent OAM modes. Generation of OAM topological charge or switching in three operating modes can be achieved by changing the chemical potential of graphene. The proposed metasurface can produce an OAM beam in both half-spaces separately and continuously. Suppose a horn antenna is placed as the feed of the metasurface. In that case, a bi-lateral antenna can be achieved, which is useful for multichannel communication, free space communication, next-gen communication, minimization systems, etc. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics terahertz metasurface graphene metasurface Orbital angular momentum vortex waves OAM beam by metasurface bilateral antenna Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 30 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7683498","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":527026912,"identity":"71fa7477-4025-4400-8c79-0aafd58d8d59","order_by":0,"name":"Shahryar Rasti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Iran University of science \u0026 technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shahryar","middleName":"","lastName":"Rasti","suffix":""},{"id":527026913,"identity":"4d3830de-3c5e-4e64-8300-06671a740afc","order_by":1,"name":"Amir Saman 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modes","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"terahertz metasurface, graphene metasurface, Orbital angular momentum, vortex waves, OAM beam by metasurface, bilateral antenna","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7683498/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7683498/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOrbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves attract a lot of attention due to their application in various areas, and specifically in next-generation communication. On the other hand, the development of graphene-based active metasurfaces is increasing due to its significant benefits. In this paper, a tunable graphene-based metasurface is proposed for generating an OAM beam with various topological charges in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The goal of this work is the operation of a metasurface in three operating modes: transmission, reflection, and transmission/reflection simultaneously. The incident beam can be reflected, transmitted, or divided equally into transmitted/ reflected beams with independent OAM modes. Generation of OAM topological charge or switching in three operating modes can be achieved by changing the chemical potential of graphene. The proposed metasurface can produce an OAM beam in both half-spaces separately and continuously. Suppose a horn antenna is placed as the feed of the metasurface. In that case, a bi-lateral antenna can be achieved, which is useful for multichannel communication, free space communication, next-gen communication, minimization systems, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Proposing a reconfigurable bi-lateral graphene-based meta-surface for wide-band independent OAM generation in transmit/ reflect modes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-17 04:36:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7683498/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-03T08:44:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-02T01:49:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-27T01:32:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"47941756538311550943084837010607185626","date":"2025-10-09T01:56:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"320142975611448164177907639460288947606","date":"2025-10-09T01:39:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T11:30:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T09:32:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T08:31:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-30T01:12:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-22T11:35:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cf0cda7a-297c-4af3-baa3-decc6b9711c9","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":56017513,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":56017514,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics"},{"id":56017515,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-16T04:40:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-17 04:36:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7683498","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7683498","identity":"rs-7683498","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}