Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Black with Enhanced Surface Area and Crystallinity from Pyrolysis Fuel Oil: Optimizing Process Parameters

Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Black with Enhanced Surface Area and Crystallinity from Pyrolysis Fuel Oil: Optimizing Process Parameters | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Black with Enhanced Surface Area and Crystallinity from Pyrolysis Fuel Oil: Optimizing Process Parameters Atieh Khosravi, mohammad reza khani, Babak Shokri This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231854/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents a sustainable plasma-based method to synthesize carbon black (CB) from pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO), a waste-derived feedstock, contrasting traditional energy-intensive furnace processes. Injecting PFO into a plasma plume, we varied current and injection pressure to assess impacts on CB properties. Advanced analyses (Raman, BET, TEM) showed higher currents yield smaller, more crystalline particles, while increased pressure elevates surface area but reduces crystallization. Plasma-derived CB demonstrated a higher surface area than conventional N330, indicating superior potential in rubber, energy storage, and catalysis. By optimizing parameters, this method offers an eco-friendly, efficient alternative for tailoring CB properties, advancing sustainable industrial applications. Thermal Plasma Pyrolysis Fuel Oil Carbon Black Raman Spectroscopy IAN FESEM TEM BET Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revisions 16 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 15 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6231854","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":433453261,"identity":"f6b5bc51-b636-49c4-87b0-68ab7131ed2f","order_by":0,"name":"Atieh Khosravi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shahid Beheshti University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Atieh","middleName":"","lastName":"Khosravi","suffix":""},{"id":433453262,"identity":"e1eed014-4d90-492c-9115-2e9665bcefbf","order_by":1,"name":"mohammad reza khani","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQkgkQBGQMADItgbgISBBSlaeA6AtEjg18KAokUCzMatRXJ287MHD3Ns8vinnU788HaPjT3/zDemG34USDDwt3cnYNMiLXPM3CBxW1qxxO3czZJznqUxS9zOMbvZA3SYxJmzG7BpkZNIMJNI3HY4seF27gZpngOH2RiAWm7wALUYSOTi0JL+DaxlPtCW3zwH/vPI3zxjdvMPHi3SEjkQWzbczt0GtOWAhMENHrPb+GyRnJFTBtSSlrgRqMVyzoFkA8MzaWW3ZQwkeHD5ReJG+jbJn9tsEucBHXbjzQE7e7njh7fdfPPHRo6/vRerFmyAwwBE8hCrHATYH5CiehSMglEwCoY/AABcTWeHMPbH0QAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-1780","institution":"Shahid Beheshti University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"mohammad","middleName":"reza","lastName":"khani","suffix":""},{"id":433453263,"identity":"16982395-805f-418c-a9ae-5d12421c5d30","order_by":2,"name":"Babak Shokri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shahid Beheshti University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Babak","middleName":"","lastName":"Shokri","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-15 09:26:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231854/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231854/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79790304,"identity":"c9f561a5-328d-4d13-bcb5-37553c1a02eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-02 18:35:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1282920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CarbonBlackProductionbyPlasma2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6231854/v1_covered_6fe47ba5-ab40-47dd-8d5b-04fff3e1cd2f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Carbon Black with Enhanced Surface Area and Crystallinity from Pyrolysis Fuel Oil: Optimizing Process Parameters","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Thermal Plasma, Pyrolysis Fuel Oil, Carbon Black, Raman Spectroscopy, IAN, FESEM, TEM, BET ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231854/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6231854/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents a sustainable plasma-based method to synthesize carbon black (CB) from pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO), a waste-derived feedstock, contrasting traditional energy-intensive furnace processes. 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