Association of Clinical and Sonographic Findings with Laparoscopic Findings in Female Infertility

Fatematul Jannat, Begum Hosne Ara, Kamrun Naher, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam, Umma Habib Nadia
In: Eastern Medical College Journal · 2026 · vol. 10(2) , pp. 95–101 · doi:10.3329/emcj.v10i2.85577 · W7124677583
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This study evaluated the association of clinical and sonographic findings with laparoscopic results in 112 infertile women, finding that combined examination and ultrasonography effectively diagnosed conditions like endometriosis and uterine anomalies.

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This cross-sectional study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of combined clinical examination and ultrasonography against laparoscopic findings in 112 infertile women aged 19 to 45 years. The researchers found that while the combined approach achieved high sensitivity for uterine anomalies, fibroids, and polycystic ovary syndrome, its sensitivity was notably lower for detecting tubo-ovarian masses and endometriosis. Consequently, the authors concluded that this non-invasive combination serves as a viable initial screening tool, particularly in resource-limited settings where laparoscopy is unavailable. Relevance to endometriosis: mentioned as a condition with low diagnostic sensitivity (35%) via ultrasound/clinical exam compared to laparoscopy, indicating limited direct focus on managing or diagnosing endometriosis specifically.

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Abstract

Background: Infertility is a major problem affecting women’s health and quality of life leading to social and psychological upsets and bringing misery and insecurity to many women. Accurate diagnosis of different pelvic pathologies has become a core part of the fertility work-up. Objective of this cross-sectional analytical study is to determine the association of clinical and sonographic findings with laparoscopic findings in female infertility. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 112 infertile couples aged 19-45 years were included in this study. After clinical examination, all patients underwent ultrasonography (USG) and Laparoscopy. Data was summarized and then statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using SPSS V22. Results: Primary and secondary infertility were 66(58.9%) and 46(41.1%) respectively in the study cases. Mean age of the participants was 26.97±5.19 years in primary and 30.33±4.86 years in secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility was 5.39±3.02 years in primary infertility and 5.28±2.49 years in secondary infertility. The test of validity of combined use of clinical and ultrasonography evaluation has the highest sensitivity of 100.0% for the diagnosis of uterine anomaly and fibroid followed by polycystic ovary 89.3%, chocolate cyst 66.7%, tubo-ovarian mass 40% and endometriosis 35%. It was observed that; clinical examination and ultrasonography are very much effective in the evaluation of female infertility and is well correlated with laparoscopic findings. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that combination of clinical examination and ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to laparoscopy in the initial evaluation of infertility, especially in settings where laparoscopy is not available. Eastern Med Coll J. July 2025; 10 (2): 95-101
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Keywords

Infertility, Clinical findings, Ultrasonography, Laparoscopy, Pelvic organ pathologyAbstract

Background

Infertility is a major problem affecting women’s health and quality of life leading to social and psychological upsets and bringing misery and insecurity to many women. Accurate diagnosis of different pelvic pathologies has become a core part of the fertility work-up. Objective of this cross-sectional analytical study is to determine the association of clinical and sonographic findings with laparoscopic findings in female infertility.

Materials and methods

This study was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Child and Mother Health (ICMH), Matuail, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 112 infertile couples aged 19-45 years were included in this study. After clinical examination, all patients underwent ultrasonography (USG) and Laparoscopy. Data was summarized and then statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using SPSS V22.

Results

Primary and secondary infertility were 66(58.9%) and 46(41.1%) respectively in the study cases. Mean age of the participants was 26.97±5.19 years in primary and 30.33±4.86 years in secondary infertility. The mean duration of infertility was 5.39±3.02 years in primary infertility and 5.28±2.49 years in secondary infertility. The test of validity of combined use of clinical and ultrasonography evaluation has the highest sensitivity of 100.0% for the diagnosis of uterine anomaly and fibroid followed by polycystic ovary 89.3%, chocolate cyst 66.7%, tubo-ovarian mass 40% and endometriosis 35%. It was observed that; clinical examination and ultrasonography are very much effective in the evaluation of female infertility and is well correlated with laparoscopic findings.

Conclusion

It was concluded from the study that combination of clinical examination and ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to laparoscopy in the initial evaluation of infertility, especially in settings where laparoscopy is not available. Eastern Med Coll J. July 2025; 10 (2): 95-101 113 Downloads Published How to Cite Issue Section License Copyright (c) 2025 Eastern Medical College Journal This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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endometriosisinfertility

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