Risk Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity Through Ground Water-Soil-Rice System in Maldah District, Bengal Delta Basin, India

Risk Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity Through Ground Water-Soil-Rice System in Maldah District, Bengal Delta Basin, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Risk Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity Through Ground Water-Soil-Rice System in Maldah District, Bengal Delta Basin, India Rubina Khanam, Gora Chand Hazra, Animesh Gosh Bag, Nitin Chatterjee, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-508581/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Arsenic (As), a toxic trace element, is of great environmental concern due to its presence in soil, water, plant, animal and human continuum. Its high toxicity and increased appearance in the biosphere have triggered public concern. The present study measured arsenic (As) concentrations in soil, groundwater and rice plant samples of five selected blocks of Maldah district, West Bengal, India. Soil, irrigation water and rice plant samples were collected from fields from the selected study areas. The results revealed the presence of As in higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limit of As in irrigation water (0.1 mg L − 1 by WHO and Indian standard) in groundwater of Manikchak (0.553 ± 0.17 mg L − 1 , Kaliachak III (0.528 ± 0.20 mg L − 1 ), Kaliachak II (0.449 ± 0.15 mg L − 1 ), Kaliachak I (0.207 ± 0.19 mg L − 1 ) The level of As in soil was also found to higher in those four blocks. The As content in rice grain and field is positively correlated with As content in irrigation water. The analysis of As of locally grown rice, showed the presence of its concentration higher than recommended safe level of As in rice by FAO/WHO (0.2 mg Kg-1) in some villages. The data of consumption of rice per day in the survey was used for the measurement of average daily dose and hazard quotient. Kaliachak III, Manikchak and Kaliachak II showed HQ greater than 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health hazard. The study emphasized the severity of As problem in remote areas of West Bengal, India where people consume As tainted rice due to lack of awareness about the As problem and associated health issues. Environmental Engineering Environmental Policy Toxicology Arsenic Rice Irrigation water Inceptisols Spatial Map Hazard quotient Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Supplementary Information Supplementary Figure 2 not available with this version Supplementary Files SupplementaryData.docx GraphicalAbstract.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 15 May, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 11 May, 2021 First submitted to journal 08 May, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-508581","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":26724291,"identity":"a60e5f25-0e0d-4a05-9c9f-41366fc56575","order_by":0,"name":"Rubina Khanam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CRRI: Central Rice Research Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rubina","middleName":"","lastName":"Khanam","suffix":""},{"id":26724292,"identity":"e0b4131f-c0b9-42c6-9ba8-274f796452a9","order_by":1,"name":"Gora Chand Hazra","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA60lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHjApB8QGBypsGBjY2InUYgzWciYNqIWZSC2JDUAtDCAtDIS0yLufPfjx5x679O3tzRsPHEjYJs/HzMD44WMObi2GZ/KSJSSeJefOOXOsAKjltmEbMwOz5MxteLTM4DGQMDjAnDtDIsfg8McftxmBWtiYefFrMf6RcKA+XUL+jQHIFnuCWuQleMwkDhw4nCAhwQPWkkhQiwFPjpllw4HjQNvSwH5JbmNmbMbrF/n2M8Y3fxyolpdgP7z5A1CL7fz25oMfPuKz5QCmGGMDbvUgW/BLj4JRMApGwSgAAgDhYlPoiCmc3wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gora","middleName":"Chand","lastName":"Hazra","suffix":""},{"id":26724293,"identity":"8c0b5dd2-72b5-4088-a78d-9e6b8b64af51","order_by":2,"name":"Animesh Gosh Bag","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Animesh","middleName":"Gosh","lastName":"Bag","suffix":""},{"id":26724294,"identity":"089c97fb-ecc2-4f2b-9dde-f579c6eff270","order_by":3,"name":"Nitin Chatterjee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya: Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nitin","middleName":"","lastName":"Chatterjee","suffix":""},{"id":27209550,"identity":"ef9fb71e-ccbf-423d-bdfc-fa43a1c76af8","order_by":4,"name":"Pedda Ghouse Peera Sheikh Kulsum","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"C V Raman Global University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pedda","middleName":"Ghouse Peera Sheikh","lastName":"Kulsum","suffix":""},{"id":26724295,"identity":"b234a038-6ac4-4cc4-9a63-b36701eebbeb","order_by":5,"name":"Arvind Kumar Shukla","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Soil Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arvind","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Shukla","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-05-09 05:56:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-508581/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-508581/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":9262591,"identity":"fe7e009c-d68d-4d28-9fb9-07e8225d4e82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:46:29","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5713,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Figure 1","description":"","filename":"fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/2f6c1ebdd0fb9b5a817c7c09.png"},{"id":9262589,"identity":"68425033-fd89-4f2e-837e-58cee5ae4c13","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:46:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104980,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a-d. Interrelationship in-between As concentration of different plant parts of rice at maturity ","description":"","filename":"fig2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/42a22dbf6d543398b827ac3f.jpg"},{"id":9263019,"identity":"3183d84e-5c9d-4071-8268-04bad8eb667b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:49:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":107380,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a-e : Spatial distribution Maps showing As of irrigation water (mg L-1) of different blocks of Maldah district ","description":"","filename":"fig3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/8cb7334daa90960c329c635a.jpg"},{"id":9262594,"identity":"177e0635-44d6-4f78-9ca4-30e9c99deb21","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:46:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":90101,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"a-e : Spatial distribution Maps showing soil As (mg L-1) of different blocks of Maldah district ","description":"","filename":"fig4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/0f28e10d55f7bc9d16bbfd0f.jpg"},{"id":9262281,"identity":"64d39951-5661-45d7-99a9-e0f33bdd746e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:43:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":67868,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Block wise distribution of hazard coefficient in Maldah district","description":"","filename":"fig5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/51aebdc3f4d1e148248b3959.jpg"},{"id":9262277,"identity":"d2a7c80a-0c77-4873-86d1-e9145e5b35c0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:43:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":39288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Risk thermometer scale showing the class of arsenic toxicity in selected blocks through consumption of locally grown rice","description":"","filename":"fig6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/3d86741d10eccdf392f0a57a.jpg"},{"id":13633373,"identity":"dfa5ecbe-3f32-49b2-bb37-94d8292cce39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 08:28:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1354806,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":9263065,"identity":"eeab4c10-f81d-4c46-82cc-25479be8bc53","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:49:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1351283,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":9263018,"identity":"faa84c1d-c174-4e50-a00b-bb6c9d5eec37","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:49:29","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16039,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryData.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/e206950809b0ee914e5a6887.docx"},{"id":9263020,"identity":"926eea73-7cae-4047-8b31-8d1418bf31a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-05-17 17:49:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":55335,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-508581/v1/9daf979c9d59146e89689cb9.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eRisk Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity Through Ground Water-Soil-Rice System in Maldah District, Bengal Delta Basin, India\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. 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Its high toxicity and increased appearance in the biosphere have triggered public concern. The present study measured arsenic (As) concentrations in soil, groundwater and rice plant samples of five selected blocks of Maldah district, West Bengal, India. Soil, irrigation water and rice plant samples were collected from fields from the selected study areas. The results revealed the presence of As in higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limit of As in irrigation water (0.1 mg L\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003eby WHO and Indian standard) in groundwater of Manikchak (0.553 ± 0.17 mg L\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003e, Kaliachak III (0.528 ± 0.20 mg L\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003e), Kaliachak II (0.449 ± 0.15 mg L\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003e), Kaliachak I (0.207 ± 0.19 mg L\u003csup\u003e− 1\u003c/sup\u003e) The level of As in soil was also found to higher in those four blocks. The As content in rice grain and field is positively correlated with As content in irrigation water. The analysis of As of locally grown rice, showed the presence of its concentration higher than recommended safe level of As in rice by FAO/WHO (0.2 mg Kg-1) in some villages. The data of consumption of rice per day in the survey was used for the measurement of average daily dose and hazard quotient. Kaliachak III, Manikchak and Kaliachak II showed HQ greater than 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health hazard. The study emphasized the severity of As problem in remote areas of West Bengal, India where people consume As tainted rice due to lack of awareness about the As problem and associated health issues.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Risk Assessment of Arsenic Toxicity Through Ground Water-Soil-Rice System in Maldah District, Bengal Delta Basin, India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-05-17 17:43:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-508581/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-05-16T07:31:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-05-16T03:47:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-05-12T03:03:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","date":"2021-05-08T07:08:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-environmental-contamination-and-toxicology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"aect","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology](https://www.springer.com/journal/244)","snPcode":"244","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/244/3","title":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cc5c1e52-6f5e-4fa9-9eeb-cb284628c5c6","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 17th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":4338131,"name":"Environmental Engineering"},{"id":4338132,"name":"Environmental Policy"},{"id":4338133,"name":"Toxicology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-22T18:30:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-05-17 17:43:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-508581","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-508581","identity":"rs-508581","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}