Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake

Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake Hao-Ran Guo, Fan Wang, Hui-Ying Yu, Chuan-Xu Wang, Zhuo Wang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, light yellow to yellow bacterium, designated YC-2023-2 T , was isolated from sediment sample of Yuncheng salt lake. Growth occurred at 15–45 ℃ (optimum 37 ℃), pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum pH 7.0–8.0) and with 0–8.0% NaCl (w/v, optimum 2.0%). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene showed that strain YC-2023-2 T belonged to the family Kordiimonadaceae . The closely related members were Gimibacter soli 6D33 T (92.38%) , Kordiimonas lipolytica M41 T (91.88%) , Eilatimonas milleporae DSM 25217 T (91.88%) and Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864 T (91.84%). The genome of strain YC-2023-2 T was 2957513 bp, and the genomic DNA G + C content was 63.91%. The main respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids (> 10%) were iso-C 15:0 , C 16:0 , C 19:0 ω 8c cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c or C 18:1 ω 7c) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c or C 16:0 10-methyl). The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YC-2023-2 T is proposed to represent a novel species of a novel genus named Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family Kordiimonadaceae . The type strain is YC-2023-2 T (= GDMCC 1.4502 T ). Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov. sp. nov. Yuncheng salt lake polyphasic taxonomy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 INTRODUCTION The genus Kordiimonas was first proposed in 2005 (Kwon et al. 2005 ) and belongs to the family of Kordiimonadaceae within the order Kordiimonadales . The family Kordiimonadaceae was originally proposed in 2014 (Xu et al. 2014 ). This name became validly published when it appeared on Validation List No. 193 in 2020 (Oren and Garrity 2020). At the writing time, the genera Eilatimonas (Paramasivam et al. 2013a ), Gimibacter (Liu et al. 2023 ), Kordiimonas , Pseudokordiimonas (Li et al. 2023 ) and Temperatibacter (Teramoto and Nishijima 2014 ) were assigned to the family Kordiimonadaceae. Apart from Pseudokordiimonas caeni , all species within Kordiimonadaceae have been isolated from marine environments, including seawater, marine sediments, marine corals, intertidal zones, and mangroves. The Yuncheng salt lake is an ancient and typical inland salt lake, also the world's third-largest sodium sulfate type inland lake. Surveys show that the Yuncheng salt lake is rich in sodium sulfate resources, distinguishing it from other salt lakes that are primarily chloride-based. Simultaneously, there are a large number of halophilic and halotolerant microorganism resources with potential application value in this hypersaline lake to be studied and developed (Zeng et al. 2022 ). Pseudomonadota , as one of the dominant groups in the salt lake, has a fascinating close relationship with important applications in agriculture, medicine and environmental remediation (Paramasivam et al. 2013b). In this study, we report a novel member of the family Kordiimonadaceae is obtained during a study on diversity of cultivable halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in sediments of Yuncheng salt lake. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses, we propose to assign strain YC-2023-2 T to a novel species of a novel genus of family, for which the name Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Materials and methods Isolation and cultivation The strain YC-2023-2 T was isolated from sediment samples collected from the 22nd dam in the salt lake of Yuncheng city, China (35° 07′ N, 111° 55′ E). Samples were put into sterile sampling bags and immediately took them back to the laboratory for storage at 4°C. 5 g sediment sample was firstly well dissolved in a sterile flask with 50 mL of 5% salt concentration saline for isolation. After 30 minutes of shaking, each flask was allowed to stand for 10 to 20 minutes to produce a soil suspension (10 − 1 ). Then the suspension was serially diluted and spread on marine agar (MA; Hope). The isolation procedure was performed as previously described (Li et al. 2021 ). Strain YC-2023-2 T was stored in 20% (v/v) glycerol suspension and maintained at − 80°C for long-term preservation. Morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic analysis The strain YC-2023-2 T was incubated on the MA medium at 28°C for 14 days to examine cell morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscope (Crossbeam 550, ZEISS). Gram staining reaction was performed using a commercial kit according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Solarbio). Bacterial motility was detected using semi-solid agar (Tittsler and Sandholzer 1936 ). Growth at different temperatures (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 32, 37, 41 and 45°C) was determined in MA for 14 days. NaCl tolerance was tested in manually prepared NaCl-free marine broth (MB) medium supplemented with NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 18% (w/v). MA containing buffers such as: C 6 H 8 O 7 ·H 2 O/Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 ·2H 2 O (pH 4.0–5.0) NaOH/KH 2 PO 4 (pH 6.0–8.0) and Na 2 CO 3 ·10H 2 O/NaHCO 3 (pH 9.0–10.0) was used to investigate the pH range for growth from 4.0–10.0 (at increments of 1 unit). Polar lipids were extracted, separated and identified by two-dimensional TLC on silica gel G 60 plates, as previously described (Minnikin et al. 1979 ; Collins M and JONES 1980 ). Biomass of strain YC-2023-2 T for chemotaxonomic taxonomy was collected after incubated on MA at 28°C for 7 days. The respiratory quinones of strain YC-2023-2 T was extracted from freeze-dried cell biomass, then determined using HPLC (Sasser 1990 ). API 20NE, API ZYM and Biolog GENIII assays were conducted following the manufacturers’ instructions. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis Genomic DNA of strain YC-2023-2 T was extracted using the HiPure Bacterial DNA Kit (Magen Biotech Co., Ltd.) following the manufacturer’s instructions. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR with universal bacterial primers 27F (5′-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3′) and 1492R (5′-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′). Purified PCR products were cloned into the vector pEASY-T1 (TransGen Biotech) and then commercially sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of most related type species were downloaded through the EzBioCloud website ( www.ezbiocloud.net ) (Yoon et al. 2017 ) and were aligned and analyzed by ClusterX software (Thompson et al. 1997 ). Phylogenetic trees were generated with three tree-building algorithms, neighbor-joining (NJ) (Saitou and Nei 1987 ) with Kimura’s two-parameter model (Kimura 1980 ), maximum-likelihood (ML) (Felsenstein 1981 ) with Tamura-Nei model (Tamura and Nei 1993 ) and maximum-parsimony (MP) (Fitch 1971 ) using MEGA 11 software (Tamura et al. 2021 ). Each phylogenetic tree was subjected to 1000 replications of bootstrap analysis to test its stability. Escherichia coli ATCC 11775 T was used as the outgroup in the phylogenetic analysis. Genomic sequencing and analysis The genome sequencing of strain YC-2023-2 T was performed by Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC, Guangzhou, China) using Illumina NovaSeq PE150 platform Reads of each data sets were assembled using SPAdes v3.13 (Bankevich et al. 2012 ). Genome annotation was conducted using the pipeline of Global Catalogue of Type Strain (gcType) platform ( http://gctype.wdcm.org ) (Shi et al. 2021 ). The G + C content was calculated through the assembled genome. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values were determined using the OrthoANI tool ( https://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/orthoani ) (Yoon et al. 2017 ), using the recommended formula 2. AAI values were calculated on web server ( http://enve-omics.ce.gatech.edu/aai/ ) (Qin et al. 2014 ) and Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (GGDC) v3.0 ( https://ggdc.dsmz.de/ggdc.php ) (Meier-Kolthoff et al. 2013 ) respectively. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites were predicted using antiSMASH v6.0.1 ( https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/ ) (Blin et al. 2021 ). Carbohydrate activity enzyme analysis is conducted through the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database ( http://www.cazy.org/ ) (Drula et al. 2022 ). The genome sequences of YC-2023-2 T and related type species of other genera were concatenated by multiple sequence alignment of 120 marker genes in ‘GTDB-Tk’ (v1.4.1, https://github.com/Ecogenomics/GTDBTk ) (Chaumeil et al. 2019 ). A phylogenomic tree was then constructed using the RAxML method (Stamatakis 2014 ). All sequences were downloaded from the NCBI database ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ). Results and discussion Morphological and phenotypic analyses The cells of strain YC-2023-2 T were Gram-stain negative, aerobic, and short rod-shaped (0.5–0.7 µm in width and 1.2–1.9 µm in length) (Figure S3). The semi-solid agar experiment demonstrated the motility of YC-2023-2 T . The colonies were light yellow to yellowish, almost round in shape, almost transparent and smooth. Growth occurred in the temperature range of 15–45℃ (optimum 37°C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 0–8.0% NaCl (w/v, optimum 2%). Strain YC-2023-2 T was positive for hydrolysis of Tween 80 and starch, but negative for urease, H 2 S production and gelatin. The detailed biochemical, physiological and enzymatic features that distinguished strain YC-2023-2 T from its closely phylogenetic relatives were provided in Table 1 and Table S5. As shown in Table 1 , strain YC-2023-2 T could tolerate higher temperature than closely related strains. Moreover, strain YC-2023-2 T were negative for catalase and chymotrypsin, which could distinguish strain YC-2023-2 T from members of related genera. Table 1 Phenotypic characteristics that differentiate strain YC-2023-2 T from type strains of related genera Characteristic 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Isolation source Sediment Mangrove soil Seawater Coral reef Marine sediments Seawater Activated sludge Colony color Light yellow to yellow Milk-white Cream–white Creamy Cream–white Opaque-yellow Translucent-white Cell shape short rod rod rod rod rod curved rod rod Motility motile motile motile motile motile motile motile Catalase - + + + + + + Oxidase + + + + + + + Nitrate reduction + + + + - - + Temperature range (°C) 15–45 (37) 15–32 (28) 15–45 (30) 22–37 (30) 17–44 (37–41) 20–30 (22–28) 20–30 (22–28) NaCl tolerance (w/v %) 0–8 (2) 0–3.0 (1.0) 0.5–10.0 (1–3) 1.5-6.0 (2.0) 0.5-4.0 (2.0) 1.0-4.5 (3.0-3.5) 1.0–4.5 (3.0–3.5) pH range 6.0–9.0 (7.0) 6.0–9.0 (7.0) 5.5–9.5 (7.5) 6.2-8.0 (7.4) 6.0-8.5 (7.0) 6.0–11.0 (7.0–9.0) 6.0–11.0 (7.0–9.0) Hydrolysis of: Starch + + - ND + ND ND Gelatin + + + + + - - Tween 40 w - + ND + ND ND Tween 80 + - + ND + ND ND Assimilation of: Urease - - - - - - ND Arginine dihydrolase - - - + + - - Esterase (C4) + + + + + + + Lipid esterase (C8) + + + + + + + Cystine arylamidase + + + ND + + + Chymotrypsin - + + + + + + α -mannosidase - - - ND - + + carbon utilize Malic acid - + ND - ND ND - Maltose - + + - + - - N-acetyl-D-glucosamine - + - ND + - + Mannitol - - - - - - - DNA G + C content (%) 63.91 60.84 56.3 60.3 57.5 53.3 61.1 1, strain YC-2023-2 T ; 2, Gimibacter soli 6D33 T (Liu et al. 2023 ); 3, Kordiimonas lipolytica M41 T (Wu et al. 2016 ); 4, Eilatimonas milleporae DSM 25217 T (Paramasivam et al. 2013a ); 5, Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864 T (Kwon et al. 2005 ) 6. Temperatibacter marinus 5-11 T (Teramoto and Nishijima 2014 ). 7. Pseudokordiimonas caeni LB-31 T (Li et al. 2023 ). Symbols: +, positive; -, negative; ND, no data available; Ratios of positive results are in brackets. In API ZYM tests, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, Esterase (C 4 ), Lipid esterase (C 8 ), Leucine Aramide, Valine arylamidase, Cystine arylamidase, Naphthol AS-BI-Phosphohydrolase are positive, and the activities of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase is weakly positive. In API 20NE tests, the activities of Aesculin hydrolysis, Gelatin hydrolysis and P-nitro- β -D-methylgalactose are positive. The activities of Nitrate reduction, Indole, Glucose fermentation, Arginine dihydrolase and Urease are negative. Malic acid and Maltose are assimilated, while glucose, Arabinose, Mannose, Mannitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, gluconate, capric acid, Adipate, Citric acid and Phenylacetic acid are not, strain YC-2023-2 T from its closely phylogenetic relatives were provided in Table S1 and Table S2. In Biolog GenIII MicroPlate tests, positive for the following carbon sources: Dextrin, D-Maltose, D-Trehalose, D-Cellobiose, Gentiobiose, Sucrose, D-Turanose, Stachyose, D-Raffinose, D-Melibiose, β -Methyl-D-Glucoside, D-Salicin, N-Acetyl-D-Glu cosamine, N-Acetyl- β -DM annosamine, α -D-Glucose, D-Mannose, D-Fructose, D-Galactose, Inosine, D-Mannitol, myo-Inositol, Glycerol, D-Glucose-6-PO 4 , D-Fructose-6-PO 4 , Gelatin, Glycyl-L-Proline, L-Alanine, L-Arginine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Pyroglutamic Acid, L-Serine, Pectin, D-Galacturonic Acid, D-Gluconic Acid, Quinic Acid, Methyl Pyruvate, L-Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, α -Keto-Glutaric Acid, D-Malic Acid, L-Malic Acid, Bromo-Succinic Acid, γ -Amino-Butryric Acid, Acetoacetic Acid, Propionic Acid, Acetic Acid, Formic Acid, pH 6, 1% NaCl, 4% NaCl, 8% NaCl, 1% Sodium Lactate, Guanidine HCl, Lithium Chloride, Potassium Tellurite, Aztreonam, Sodium Butyrate. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences The 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses indicated that strain YC-2023-2 T belonged to the family Kordiimonadaceae . Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis, strain YC-2023-2 T showed high similarities to Gimibacter soli 6D33 T (92.38%), Kordiimonas lipolytica M41 T (91.88%), and Eilatimonas milleporae MD2 T (91.88%), respectively. The NJ phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1 ) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YC-2023-2 T formed a distinct clade among the genera in the family Kordiimonadaceae , which was also supported by ML (Figure S1 ) and MP (Figure S2) trees. The phylogenetic analyses could manifest that strain YC-2023-2 T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage and supported that it should be assigned as representing a new genus within the family Kordiimonadaceae . Genomic characteristic Strain YC-2023-2 T had a genome with the size of 2957513 bp and 34 contigs and N50 value was 297488 bp. The G + C content of the genome was 63.90%. A total of 2607 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes, 46 tRNA genes and 4 sRNA genes were annotated. As for the Table S4, the ANI, AAI and dDDH values between YC-2023-2 T and phylogenetically related taxa including Gimibacter soli 6D33 T , Kordiimonas lipolytica M41 T , Eilatimonas milleporae MD2 T , Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864 T Temperatibacter marinus 5-11 T and Pseudokordiimonas caeni LB-31 T were 74.47/58.11/13.1, 74.85/59.12/12.8, 75.35/59.15/13.3, 74.70/58.87/12.9, 73.94/53.81/12.5,74.50/58.27/13.1, respectively. Obviously, the ANI and dDDH values of all the reference genomes were below the commonly accepted delineation for proposing new species (< 95–96% ANI, < 70% dDDH) (Chun et al. 2018 ). The AAI values of all related taxa were all below the maximum threshold value of 70% proposed for classification of a novel genus (Luo et al. 2014 ). All these analyses supported that strain YC-2023-2 T belong to a new genus of the family Kordiimonadaceae . The phylogenomic tree of strain YC-2023-2 T and related type species was constructed using marker genes extracted from their genomes showed similar result as the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (Fig. 2 ). The KEGG analysis of YC-2023-2 T revealed 80 genes for translation, 40 genes for replication and repair, 37 genes for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, 55 genes for lipid metabolism, 192 genes for amino acid metabolism and 82 genes for nucleotide metabolism (Table S3). The results showed that catabolic and anabolic pathways of a typical heterotrophic bacterium were present in strain YC-2023-2 T . These included glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway as well as important anabolic pathways for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins (Figure S5). For carbohydrate metabolism, YC-2023-2 T had complete pathways, such as, glycolysis (M00001-2), PRPP biosynthesis (M00005), pentose phosphate pathway (M00007), Entner-Doudoroff pathway (M00008), citrate cycle (M00009-11) and UDP- N -acetyl-α- D -glucosamin biosynthesis (M00909). For amino acid metabolism YC-2023-2 T had complete pathways of glycine cleavage system (M00621), serine biosynthesis (M00020), cysteine biosynthesis (M00021), and valine/isoleucine biosynthesis (M00019). It was worth noting that we identified the key gene 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase ( pcaD ) in the degradation pathway of benzoate, and carboxymethylenebutenolidase (EC:3.1.1.45) in toluene degradation. We also found strain YC-2023-2 T had a complete pathway to synthesize dTDP- L -rhamnose (M00793) which was the precursor of L -rhamnose. The antiSMASH analysis results of strain YC-2023-2 T revealed 5 biosynthetic gene clusters: terpene (75% of genes show similarity with Kordiimonas lacus S3-22 T ), RiPP-like (77% of genes show similarity with Kordiimonas aestuarii JCM 17742 T ), betalactone, ectoine and hserlactone. The depolymerization of carbohydrates required many different functional CAZymes. Through CAZymes annotation, it could be found that strain YC-2023-2 T also encoded a large number of carbohydrate active enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases (26), polysaccharide lyases (1), carbohydrate esterases (11), glycosyltransferases (33), auxiliary activities (9) and carbohydrate-binding modules (3). Chemotaxonomic analyses The respiratory quinone of strain YC-2023-2 T was identified as ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), consistent with the closest type species in the family Kordiimonadaceae . The major fatty acids of strain YC-2023-2 T were iso-C 15:0 , C 16:0 , C 19:0 ω 8 c cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c or C 18:1 ω 7 c ) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c or C 16:0 10-methyl). The detailed profiles are shown in Table S5. As shown in the table, strain YC-2023-2 T has the highest content of C 16:0 , and Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c or C 18:1 ω 7 c ) among all the strains. Besides, the fatty acid C 19:0 ω 8 c cyclo in strain YC-2023-2 T was not found in other related type species. Polar lipids identified in strain YC-2023-2 T (Figure S4) included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). Taxonomic conclusion The colonies of strain YC-2023-2 T were light yellow to yellow. Based on physiological chemotaxonomic characteristics, the topology and divergence of the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, and the 16S rRNA gene similarities and genome relatedness as dDDH, ANI and AAI were below the threshold values of species and genus definition, strain YC-2023-2 T should represent a novel species of a new genus in the family Kordiimonadaceae , for which the name Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. Description of Yunchengibacter gen. nov. Yunchengibacter (Yun.cheng.i.bac’ter N.L. masc. n. bacter , a rod; N.L. masc. n. Yunchengibacter , a rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the Yuncheng salt lake in Shanxi province, China). Cells are Gram-stain negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. Colonies are light yellow to yellow, almost round in shape, transparent, smooth and with a diameter of 1–3 mm. The major respiratory ubiquinone is Q-10. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). The major fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acids) are iso-C 15:0 , C 16:0 , C 19:0 ω 8 c cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c or C 18:1 ω 7 c ) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c or C 16:0 10-methyl). The G + C content of the genome is 63.91%. The type species of the genus is Yunchengibacter salinarum . Description of Yunchengibacter salinarum sp. nov. Yunchengibacter salinarum , (sa.li.na’rum. L. gen. pl. n. salinarum, of salt works). Cells are non-spore forming rods that are motile by means of gliding with the size (0.5–0.7 µm in width and 1.2–1.9 µm in length). Colonies are light yellow to yellow, almost round in shape, transparent, smooth and with a diameter of 1–3 mm. Growth occurs in the temperature range of 15–45 ℃ (optimum 37°C), at pH 6.0–9.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl concentrations (optimum 2%, w/v). Positive for hydrolysis of Tween 80 and starch, but negative for Gelatin, urease, H 2 S production, gelatin. The major respiratory ubiquinone is Q-10. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). The major fatty acids (> 10% of the total fatty acids) are iso-C 15:0 , C 16:0 , C 19:0 ω 8 c cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C 18:1 ω 6 c or C 18:1 ω 7 c ) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C 17:1 ω 9 c or C 16:0 10-methyl). The type strain YC-2023-2 T (= GDMCC 1.4502 T =KCTC XXXX T ), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Yuncheng salt lake in Shanxi, China. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome are PP126490 and JBBJLN000000000, respectively. Abbreviations ANI pairwise average nucleotide identity dDDH digital DNA-DNA hybridization NJ neighbour-joining ML maximum-likelihood MP maximum-parsimony. Declarations Conflicts of interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Author Contribution Hao-Ran Guo, Fan Wang, Hui-Ying Yu and Chuan-Xu Wang wrote the main manuscript text Zhuo Wang, Bao-Zhu Fang, Xin Li and Wen-Jun Li provided writing ideas and financial support for this article. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32300111), the special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202204051001035), the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202303021211114), and the Grant from Yuncheng Salt Lake Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Shanxi, China (Grant No. YHYJ-2023001). The authors are grateful to Prof. Aharon Oren (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) for helping with the etymology. References Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D et al (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19:455–477. Blin K, Shaw S, Kloosterman AM et al (2021) antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities. Nucleic Acids Res 49:W29–W35. Chaumeil PA, Mussig AJ, Hugenholtz P, Parks DH (2019) GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database. 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Paramasivam N, Ben-Dov E, Arotsker L, Kushmaro A (2013a) Eilatimonas milleporae gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:1880–1884. Paramasivam, N., Ben-Dov, E., Arotsker (2013b) L Bacterial Consortium of Millepora dichotoma Exhibiting Unusual Multifocal Lesion Event in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Microb Ecol 65, 50–59. Parte AC, Sardà Carbasse J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Reimer LC, Göker M (2020) List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:5607–5612. Qin Q-L, Xie B-B, Zhang X-Y et al (2014) A proposed genus boundary for the prokaryotes based on genomic insights. J Bacteriol 196:2210–2215. Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425. Sasser M (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. MIDI technical note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI inc. Shi WY, Sun QL, Fan GM et al (2021). gcType: a high-quality type strain genome database for microbial phylogenetic and functional research. Nucleic Acids Res 49(D1):D694–D705. Stamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312–1313. Tamura K, Nei M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10:512–526. Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38:3022–3027. Teramoto M, Nishijima M (2014) Temperatibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic bacterium isolated from surface seawater and description of Temperatibacteraceae fam. nov. in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:3075–3080. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882. Tittsler RP, Sandholzer LA (1936) The Use of Semi-solid Agar for the Detection of Bacterial Motility. J Bacteriol 31(6):575–580. Wu YH, Jian SL, Meng FX et al (2016) Kordiimonas lipolytica sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66:2198–2204. Xu XW, Huo YY, Bai XD et al (2011) Kordiimonas lacus sp. nov., isolated from a ballast water tank, and emended description of the genus Kordiimonas . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:422–426. Xu X-W, Wu M, Oren A (2014) The family Kordiimonadaceae . In: Rosenberg E, DeLong EF, Thompson F, Lory S, Stackebrandt E (editors). The Prokaryotes. A handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology and Biochemistry. 4th ed., Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria . Berlin: Springer-Verlag pp. 307–312. Yang SH, Kim MR, Seo HS et al (2013) Description of Kordiimonas aquimaris sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genus Kordiimonas Kwon et al. 2005 emend. Xu et al. 2011 and of its existing species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:298–302. Ye YQ, Hao ZP, Yue YY et al (2022) Characterization of Kordiimonas marina sp. nov. and Kordiimonas laminariae sp. nov. and comparative genomic analysis of the genus Kordiimonas , a marine-adapted taxon. Front Mar Sci 9. Yoon SH, Ha SM, Kwon S et al (2017) Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67:1613–1617. Yoon SH., Ha SM, Lim J, Kwon S (2017) Chun J. A large-scale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide identity. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 110:1281–1286. Zeng FF, Zhu YH, Zhang DL et al (2022) Metagenomic analysis of the soil microbial composition and salt tolerance mechanism in Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 1004556. Zhang HX, Zhao JX, Chen GJ, Du ZJ (2016) Kordiimonas sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 109:705–711. Footnotes The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome sequence are PP126490 and JBBJLN000000000, respectively. The raw genome sequencing data of strain YC-2023-2 T was deposited in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of NCBI under the BioProject accession number PRJNA1088462. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarymaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Mar, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4178784","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":285204565,"identity":"71042622-7782-46c4-85cf-2459c2c70f1e","order_by":0,"name":"Hao-Ran Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hao-Ran","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":285204567,"identity":"4a7cacee-f2d1-4b50-9d7a-746a963531b4","order_by":1,"name":"Fan Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":285204569,"identity":"de0f5be0-f10d-479f-a2ee-102d31c6fb6a","order_by":2,"name":"Hui-Ying Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yuncheng University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hui-Ying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":285204571,"identity":"ab4fd0e1-9271-4c5b-a6d2-9364f4c97b98","order_by":3,"name":"Chuan-Xu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yuncheng University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuan-Xu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":285204574,"identity":"b304e84f-de72-41b3-aa41-003ec5afff31","order_by":4,"name":"Zhuo Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yuncheng University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":285204578,"identity":"09aec540-7fa1-4051-914b-be39bdcb4eb9","order_by":5,"name":"Bao-Zhu Fang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bao-Zhu","middleName":"","lastName":"Fang","suffix":""},{"id":285204580,"identity":"893f4a44-1dc7-44fb-bea2-df7562c15780","order_by":6,"name":"Xin Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGhgNgFntj48MPxGhhg2vhOdxsLEGUFjhLIr1NgIcoLew8hocLGGwS+2c+bGOQYLCT020g6DC2hMMzGNISZ9xObHtQwJBsbHaAoBbmA4d5/x02Zrid2G4gwXAgcRthLYwNh3kY/hvL3zzYJsFDnBagLUCVcgY3GInWAvQLD0OynOGZRGAgGxDhF37+M8afeRjseOSOH3/48EOFnRxBLWjAgDTlo2AUjIJRMApwAABZRjmprT3mAAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":285204582,"identity":"eeee6c63-10bb-4771-bae6-7616957e1008","order_by":7,"name":"Wen-Jun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yuncheng University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen-Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-03-28 01:59:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-02011-6","type":"published","date":"2024-09-13T15:57:59+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":53944030,"identity":"9d52de03-d2f7-494f-83ad-9e5d83b06067","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-02 14:06:33","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":208327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNeighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was constructed with closely related strains in the family Kordiimonadaceae. Escherichia coli NBRC 102203\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (AB681728) is selected to be the outgroup. Bar, 0.02 substitutions per nucleotide position. Bootstrap values of above 50 % are shown at the branch points.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4178784/v1/f4b4943acd0045317ff47b8d.png"},{"id":53944033,"identity":"b59b0e53-d7a0-4bd1-be9b-e5af53636e8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-02 14:06:35","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":250681,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMaximum-likelihood phylogenomic tree derived from concatenated 120 single copy marker genes revealing the relationship of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e and its closely related strains in the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e NBRC 102203\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (CGF_000005845.2) is selected to be the outgroup. Bootstrap values of above 50 % are shown at the branch points.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4178784/v1/dfbcf5ebe3e0fd2802755ded.png"},{"id":64619553,"identity":"4975d068-ae53-461f-a3ac-3e95eedaf3b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-16 16:15:57","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1561053,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4178784/v1/c5321285-6285-41ac-b514-64c211ce0343.pdf"},{"id":53944032,"identity":"de7b4953-d930-42bb-9d0c-c18df3c00f94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-02 14:06:34","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":744238,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementarymaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4178784/v1/5c40d67188090e33bb88f534.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe genus \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e was first proposed in 2005 (Kwon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e) and belongs to the family of \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e within the order \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadales\u003c/em\u003e. The family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e was originally proposed in 2014 (Xu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). This name became validly published when it appeared on Validation List No. 193 in 2020 (Oren and Garrity 2020). At the writing time, the genera \u003cem\u003eEilatimonas\u003c/em\u003e (Paramasivam et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013a\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cem\u003eGimibacter\u003c/em\u003e (Liu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePseudokordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and \u003cem\u003eTemperatibacter\u003c/em\u003e (Teramoto and Nishijima \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) were assigned to the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae.\u003c/em\u003e Apart from \u003cem\u003ePseudokordiimonas caeni\u003c/em\u003e, all species within \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e have been isolated from marine environments, including seawater, marine sediments, marine corals, intertidal zones, and mangroves.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Yuncheng salt lake is an ancient and typical inland salt lake, also the world's third-largest sodium sulfate type inland lake. Surveys show that the Yuncheng salt lake is rich in sodium sulfate resources, distinguishing it from other salt lakes that are primarily chloride-based. Simultaneously, there are a large number of halophilic and halotolerant microorganism resources with potential application value in this hypersaline lake to be studied and developed (Zeng et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003ePseudomonadota\u003c/em\u003e, as one of the dominant groups in the salt lake, has a fascinating close relationship with important applications in agriculture, medicine and environmental remediation (Paramasivam et al. 2013b).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we report a novel member of the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e is obtained during a study on diversity of cultivable halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms in sediments of Yuncheng salt lake. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses, we propose to assign strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e to a novel species of a novel genus of family, for which the name \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/em\u003e gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIsolation and cultivation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was isolated from sediment samples collected from the 22nd dam in the salt lake of Yuncheng city, China (35\u0026deg; 07\u0026prime; N, 111\u0026deg; 55\u0026prime; E). Samples were put into sterile sampling bags and immediately took them back to the laboratory for storage at 4\u0026deg;C. 5 g sediment sample was firstly well dissolved in a sterile flask with 50 mL of 5% salt concentration saline for isolation. After 30 minutes of shaking, each flask was allowed to stand for 10 to 20 minutes to produce a soil suspension (10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). Then the suspension was serially diluted and spread on marine agar (MA; Hope). The isolation procedure was performed as previously described (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was stored in 20% (v/v) glycerol suspension and maintained at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;80\u0026deg;C for long-term preservation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMorphological, physiological, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was incubated on the MA medium at 28\u0026deg;C for 14 days to examine cell morphological characteristics by scanning electron microscope (Crossbeam 550, ZEISS). Gram staining reaction was performed using a commercial kit according to the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instruction (Solarbio). Bacterial motility was detected using semi-solid agar (Tittsler and Sandholzer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1936\u003c/span\u003e). Growth at different temperatures (4, 10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 32, 37, 41 and 45\u0026deg;C) was determined in MA for 14 days. NaCl tolerance was tested in manually prepared NaCl-free marine broth (MB) medium supplemented with NaCl concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 18% (w/v). MA containing buffers such as: C\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026middot;H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/Na\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026middot;2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO (pH 4.0\u0026ndash;5.0) NaOH/KH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003ePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (pH 6.0\u0026ndash;8.0) and Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026middot;10H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/NaHCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (pH 9.0\u0026ndash;10.0) was used to investigate the pH range for growth from 4.0\u0026ndash;10.0 (at increments of 1 unit). Polar lipids were extracted, separated and identified by two-dimensional TLC on silica gel G\u003csub\u003e60\u003c/sub\u003e plates, as previously described (Minnikin et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1979\u003c/span\u003e; Collins M and JONES \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e). Biomass of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e for chemotaxonomic taxonomy was collected after incubated on MA at 28\u0026deg;C for 7 days. The respiratory quinones of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was extracted from freeze-dried cell biomass, then determined using HPLC (Sasser \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e). API 20NE, API ZYM and Biolog GENIII assays were conducted following the manufacturers\u0026rsquo; instructions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenomic DNA of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was extracted using the HiPure Bacterial DNA Kit (Magen Biotech Co., Ltd.) following the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR with universal bacterial primers 27F (5\u0026prime;-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3\u0026prime;) and 1492R (5\u0026prime;-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3\u0026prime;).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurified PCR products were cloned into the vector pEASY-T1 (TransGen Biotech) and then commercially sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of most related type species were downloaded through the EzBioCloud website (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.ezbiocloud.net\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.ezbiocloud.net\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.ezbiocloud.net\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Yoon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) and were aligned and analyzed by ClusterX software (Thompson et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e). Phylogenetic trees were generated with three tree-building algorithms, neighbor-joining (NJ) (Saitou and Nei \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1987\u003c/span\u003e) with Kimura\u0026rsquo;s two-parameter model (Kimura \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1980\u003c/span\u003e), maximum-likelihood (ML) (Felsenstein \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1981\u003c/span\u003e) with Tamura-Nei model (Tamura and Nei \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e) and maximum-parsimony (MP) (Fitch \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1971\u003c/span\u003e) using MEGA 11 software (Tamura et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Each phylogenetic tree was subjected to 1000 replications of bootstrap analysis to test its stability. \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 11775\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was used as the outgroup in the phylogenetic analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGenomic sequencing and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe genome sequencing of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was performed by Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC, Guangzhou, China) using Illumina NovaSeq PE150 platform Reads of each data sets were assembled using SPAdes v3.13 (Bankevich et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Genome annotation was conducted using the pipeline of Global Catalogue of Type Strain (gcType) platform (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://gctype.wdcm.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://gctype.wdcm.org\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Shi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content was calculated through the assembled genome. Average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI), and digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values were determined using the OrthoANI tool (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/orthoani\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ezbiocloud.net/tools/orthoani\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Yoon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), using the recommended formula 2. AAI values were calculated on web server (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://enve-omics.ce.gatech.edu/aai/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://enve-omics.ce.gatech.edu/aai/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Qin et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) and Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (GGDC) v3.0 (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://ggdc.dsmz.de/ggdc.php\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://ggdc.dsmz.de/ggdc.php\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Meier-Kolthoff et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e) respectively. Biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) of secondary metabolites were predicted using antiSMASH v6.0.1 (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Blin et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Carbohydrate activity enzyme analysis is conducted through the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.cazy.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.cazy.org/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Drula et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The genome sequences of YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e and related type species of other genera were concatenated by multiple sequence alignment of 120 marker genes in \u0026lsquo;GTDB-Tk\u0026rsquo; (v1.4.1, \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://github.com/Ecogenomics/GTDBTk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://github.com/Ecogenomics/GTDBTk\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) (Chaumeil et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). A phylogenomic tree was then constructed using the RAxML method (Stamatakis \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). All sequences were downloaded from the NCBI database (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMorphological and phenotypic analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe cells of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e were Gram-stain negative, aerobic, and short rod-shaped (0.5\u0026ndash;0.7 \u0026micro;m in width and 1.2\u0026ndash;1.9 \u0026micro;m in length) (Figure S3). The semi-solid agar experiment demonstrated the motility of YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e. The colonies were light yellow to yellowish, almost round in shape, almost transparent and smooth. Growth occurred in the temperature range of 15\u0026ndash;45℃ (optimum 37\u0026deg;C), at pH 6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 (optimum 7.0) and with 0\u0026ndash;8.0% NaCl (w/v, optimum 2%). Strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was positive for hydrolysis of Tween 80 and starch, but negative for urease, H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS production and gelatin. The detailed biochemical, physiological and enzymatic features that distinguished strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e from its closely phylogenetic relatives were provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and Table S5. As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e could tolerate higher temperature than closely related strains. Moreover, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e were negative for catalase and chymotrypsin, which could distinguish strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e from members of related genera.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhenotypic characteristics that differentiate strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e from type strains of related genera\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsolation source\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSediment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMangrove soil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeawater\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoral reef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarine sediments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeawater\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eActivated sludge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eColony color\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLight yellow to yellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilk-white\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCream\u0026ndash;white\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreamy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCream\u0026ndash;white\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpaque-yellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTranslucent-white\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCell shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eshort rod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurved rod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erod\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotility\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emotile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrate reduction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTemperature range (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;45 (37)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;32 (28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;45 (30)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u0026ndash;37 (30)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u0026ndash;44 (37\u0026ndash;41)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30 (22\u0026ndash;28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30 (22\u0026ndash;28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNaCl tolerance (w/v %)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;8 (2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;3.0 (1.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026ndash;10.0 (1\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5-6.0 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.5-4.0 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0-4.5 (3.0-3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.0\u0026ndash;4.5 (3.0\u0026ndash;3.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u0026ndash;9.5 (7.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2-8.0 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0-8.5 (7.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026ndash;11.0 (7.0\u0026ndash;9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u0026ndash;11.0 (7.0\u0026ndash;9.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHydrolysis of:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStarch\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGelatin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTween 40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ew\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTween 80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssimilation of:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eArginine dihydrolase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEsterase (C4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLipid esterase (C8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCystine arylamidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChymotrypsin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eα\u003c/em\u003e-mannosidase\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecarbon utilize\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMalic acid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaltose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN-acetyl-D-glucosamine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e+\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMannitol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDNA G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003e1, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e; 2, \u003cem\u003eGimibacter soli\u003c/em\u003e 6D33\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Liu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e); 3, \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lipolytica\u003c/em\u003e M41\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Wu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e); 4, \u003cem\u003eEilatimonas milleporae\u003c/em\u003e DSM 25217\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Paramasivam et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013a\u003c/span\u003e); 5, \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas gwangyangensis\u003c/em\u003e JCM 12864\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Kwon et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e) 6. \u003cem\u003eTemperatibacter marinus\u003c/em\u003e 5-11\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Teramoto and Nishijima \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). 7. \u003cem\u003ePseudokordiimonas caeni\u003c/em\u003e LB-31\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Li et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Symbols: +, positive; -, negative; ND, no data available; Ratios of positive results are in brackets.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn API ZYM tests, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, Esterase (C\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e), Lipid esterase (C\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e), Leucine Aramide, Valine arylamidase, Cystine arylamidase, Naphthol AS-BI-Phosphohydrolase are positive, and the activities of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase is weakly positive. In API 20NE tests, the activities of Aesculin hydrolysis, Gelatin hydrolysis and P-nitro-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-D-methylgalactose are positive. The activities of Nitrate reduction, Indole, Glucose fermentation, Arginine dihydrolase and Urease are negative. Malic acid and Maltose are assimilated, while glucose, Arabinose, Mannose, Mannitol, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, gluconate, capric acid, Adipate, Citric acid and Phenylacetic acid are not, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e from its closely phylogenetic relatives were provided in Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e and Table S2. In Biolog GenIII MicroPlate tests, positive for the following carbon sources: Dextrin, D-Maltose, D-Trehalose, D-Cellobiose, Gentiobiose, Sucrose, D-Turanose, Stachyose, D-Raffinose, D-Melibiose, \u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-Methyl-D-Glucoside, D-Salicin, N-Acetyl-D-Glu cosamine, N-Acetyl-\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e-DM annosamine, \u003cem\u003eα\u003c/em\u003e-D-Glucose, D-Mannose, D-Fructose, D-Galactose, Inosine, D-Mannitol, myo-Inositol, Glycerol, D-Glucose-6-PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, D-Fructose-6-PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, Gelatin, Glycyl-L-Proline, L-Alanine, L-Arginine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Pyroglutamic Acid, L-Serine, Pectin, D-Galacturonic Acid, D-Gluconic Acid, Quinic Acid, Methyl Pyruvate, L-Lactic Acid, Citric Acid, \u003cem\u003eα\u003c/em\u003e-Keto-Glutaric Acid, D-Malic Acid, L-Malic Acid, Bromo-Succinic Acid, \u003cem\u003eγ\u003c/em\u003e-Amino-Butryric Acid, Acetoacetic Acid, Propionic Acid, Acetic Acid, Formic Acid, pH 6, 1% NaCl, 4% NaCl, 8% NaCl, 1% Sodium Lactate, Guanidine HCl, Lithium Chloride, Potassium Tellurite, Aztreonam, Sodium Butyrate.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePhylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 16S rRNA gene sequences analyses indicated that strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e belonged to the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparative analysis, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e showed high similarities to \u003cem\u003eGimibacter soli\u003c/em\u003e 6D33\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (92.38%), \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lipolytica\u003c/em\u003e M41\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (91.88%), and \u003cem\u003eEilatimonas milleporae\u003c/em\u003e MD2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (91.88%), respectively. The NJ phylogenetic tree (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e formed a distinct clade among the genera in the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e, which was also supported by ML (Figure \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e) and MP (Figure S2) trees. The phylogenetic analyses could manifest that strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e formed a distinct evolutionary lineage and supported that it should be assigned as representing a new genus within the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGenomic characteristic\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e had a genome with the size of 2957513 bp and 34 contigs and N50 value was 297488 bp. The G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content of the genome was 63.90%. A total of 2607 protein-coding genes, 3 rRNA genes, 46 tRNA genes and 4 sRNA genes were annotated. As for the Table S4, the ANI, AAI and dDDH values between YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e and phylogenetically related taxa including \u003cem\u003eGimibacter soli\u003c/em\u003e 6D33\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lipolytica\u003c/em\u003e M41\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEilatimonas milleporae\u003c/em\u003e MD2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas gwangyangensis\u003c/em\u003e JCM 12864\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eTemperatibacter marinus\u003c/em\u003e 5-11\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003eand \u003cem\u003ePseudokordiimonas caeni\u003c/em\u003e LB-31\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e were 74.47/58.11/13.1, 74.85/59.12/12.8, 75.35/59.15/13.3, 74.70/58.87/12.9, 73.94/53.81/12.5,74.50/58.27/13.1, respectively. Obviously, the ANI and dDDH values of all the reference genomes were below the commonly accepted delineation for proposing new species (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;95\u0026ndash;96% ANI, \u0026lt; 70% dDDH) (Chun et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The AAI values of all related taxa were all below the maximum threshold value of 70% proposed for classification of a novel genus (Luo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). All these analyses supported that strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e belong to a new genus of the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e. The phylogenomic tree of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e and related type species was constructed using marker genes extracted from their genomes showed similar result as the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe KEGG analysis of YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e revealed 80 genes for translation, 40 genes for replication and repair, 37 genes for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, 55 genes for lipid metabolism, 192 genes for amino acid metabolism and 82 genes for nucleotide metabolism (Table S3). The results showed that catabolic and anabolic pathways of a typical heterotrophic bacterium were present in strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e. These included glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhof pathway), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway as well as important anabolic pathways for fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins (Figure S5). For carbohydrate metabolism, YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e had complete pathways, such as, glycolysis (M00001-2), PRPP biosynthesis (M00005), pentose phosphate pathway (M00007), Entner-Doudoroff pathway (M00008), citrate cycle (M00009-11) and UDP-\u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e-acetyl-α-\u003csub\u003eD\u003c/sub\u003e-glucosamin biosynthesis (M00909). For amino acid metabolism YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e had complete pathways of glycine cleavage system (M00621), serine biosynthesis (M00020), cysteine biosynthesis (M00021), and valine/isoleucine biosynthesis (M00019). It was worth noting that we identified the key gene 3-oxoadipate enol-lactonase (\u003cem\u003epcaD\u003c/em\u003e) in the degradation pathway of benzoate, and carboxymethylenebutenolidase (EC:3.1.1.45) in toluene degradation. We also found strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e had a complete pathway to synthesize dTDP-\u003csub\u003eL\u003c/sub\u003e-rhamnose (M00793) which was the precursor of \u003csub\u003eL\u003c/sub\u003e-rhamnose. The antiSMASH analysis results of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e revealed 5 biosynthetic gene clusters: terpene (75% of genes show similarity with \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lacus\u003c/em\u003e S3-22\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e), RiPP-like (77% of genes show similarity with \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas aestuarii\u003c/em\u003e JCM 17742\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e), betalactone, ectoine and hserlactone. The depolymerization of carbohydrates required many different functional CAZymes. Through CAZymes annotation, it could be found that strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e also encoded a large number of carbohydrate active enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases (26), polysaccharide lyases (1), carbohydrate esterases (11), glycosyltransferases (33), auxiliary activities (9) and carbohydrate-binding modules (3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eChemotaxonomic analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe respiratory quinone of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was identified as ubiquinone-10 (Q-10), consistent with the closest type species in the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e. The major fatty acids of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e were iso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e19:0\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e8\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e6\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e7\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C\u003csub\u003e17:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e9\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e 10-methyl). The detailed profiles are shown in Table S5. As shown in the table, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e has the highest content of C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e, and Summed Feature 8 (C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e6\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e7\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e) among all the strains. Besides, the fatty acid C\u003csub\u003e19:0\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e8\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e cyclo in strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e was not found in other related type species. Polar lipids identified in strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (Figure S4) included phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTaxonomic conclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe colonies of strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e were light yellow to yellow. Based on physiological chemotaxonomic characteristics, the topology and divergence of the phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, and the 16S rRNA gene similarities and genome relatedness as dDDH, ANI and AAI were below the threshold values of species and genus definition, strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e should represent a novel species of a new genus in the family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e, for which the name \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/em\u003e gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDescription of\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eYunchengibacter\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003egen. nov.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter\u003c/em\u003e (Yun.cheng.i.bac\u0026rsquo;ter N.L. masc. n. \u003cem\u003ebacter\u003c/em\u003e, a rod; N.L. masc. n. \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter\u003c/em\u003e, a rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the Yuncheng salt lake in Shanxi province, China).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCells are Gram-stain negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. Colonies are light yellow to yellow, almost round in shape, transparent, smooth and with a diameter of 1\u0026ndash;3 mm. The major respiratory ubiquinone is Q-10. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). The major fatty acids (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10% of the total fatty acids) are iso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e19:0\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e8\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e6\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e7\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C\u003csub\u003e17:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e9\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e 10-methyl). The G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content of the genome is 63.91%. The type species of the genus is \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDescription of\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003esp. nov.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/em\u003e, (sa.li.na\u0026rsquo;rum. L. gen. pl. n. salinarum, of salt works).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCells are non-spore forming rods that are motile by means of gliding with the size (0.5\u0026ndash;0.7 \u0026micro;m in width and 1.2\u0026ndash;1.9 \u0026micro;m in length). Colonies are light yellow to yellow, almost round in shape, transparent, smooth and with a diameter of 1\u0026ndash;3 mm. Growth occurs in the temperature range of 15\u0026ndash;45 ℃ (optimum 37\u0026deg;C), at pH 6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 (optimum 7.0) and in the presence of up to 8.0% (w/v) NaCl concentrations (optimum 2%, w/v). Positive for hydrolysis of Tween 80 and starch, but negative for Gelatin, urease, H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eS production, gelatin. The major respiratory ubiquinone is Q-10. The polar lipids comprise phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). The major fatty acids (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10% of the total fatty acids) are iso-C\u003csub\u003e15:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e, C\u003csub\u003e19:0\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e8\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e6\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e18:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e7\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C\u003csub\u003e17:1\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cem\u003eω\u003c/em\u003e9\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e or C\u003csub\u003e16:0\u003c/sub\u003e 10-methyl).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe type strain YC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e (=\u0026thinsp;GDMCC 1.4502 \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e=KCTC XXXX \u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Yuncheng salt lake in Shanxi, China. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome are PP126490 and JBBJLN000000000, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eANI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003epairwise average nucleotide identity\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003edDDH\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003edigital DNA-DNA hybridization\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNJ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eneighbour-joining\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eML\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003emaximum-likelihood\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eMP\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003emaximum-parsimony.\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHao-Ran Guo, Fan Wang, Hui-Ying Yu and Chuan-Xu Wang wrote the main manuscript text Zhuo Wang, Bao-Zhu Fang, Xin Li and Wen-Jun Li provided writing ideas and financial support for this article.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32300111), the special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202204051001035), the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202303021211114), and the Grant from Yuncheng Salt Lake Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Shanxi, China (Grant No. YHYJ-2023001). The authors are grateful to Prof. Aharon Oren (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel) for helping with the etymology.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D et al (2012) SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 19:455\u0026ndash;477.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlin K, Shaw S, Kloosterman AM et al (2021) antiSMASH 6.0: improving cluster detection and comparison capabilities. Nucleic Acids Res 49:W29\u0026ndash;W35.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChaumeil PA, Mussig AJ, Hugenholtz P, Parks DH (2019) GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database. Bioinformatics 36(6):1925\u0026ndash;1927.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChun J, Oren A, Ventosa A, Christensen H, Arahal DR (2018) Proposed minimal standards for the use of genome data for the taxonomy of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68:461\u0026ndash;466.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCollins M, JONES D (1980) Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2, 4‐diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Microbiol 48:459\u0026ndash;470.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrula E, Garron ML, Dogan S, Lombard V, Henrissat B, Terrapon N (2022) The carbohydrate-active enzyme database: functions and literature. Nucleic Acids Res 50(D1):D571-D577.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFelsenstein J (1981) Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17:368\u0026ndash;376.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFitch WM (1971) Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Syst Biol 20:406\u0026ndash;416.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJu Z, Zhang R, Hou X-J et al (2018) \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas pumilasp\u003c/em\u003e. nov., isolated from coastal sediment. 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Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:3049\u0026ndash;3054.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeier-Kolthoff JP, Auch AF, Klenk HP, G\u0026ouml;ker M (2013) Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC bioinformatics 14:1\u0026ndash;14.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMinnikin D, Collins M, Goodfellow M (1979) Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Microbiol 47:87\u0026ndash;95.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOren A, Garrity GM (2017) List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67(9):3140\u0026ndash;3143.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParamasivam N, Ben-Dov E, Arotsker L, Kushmaro A (2013a) \u003cem\u003eEilatimonas milleporae\u003c/em\u003e gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:1880\u0026ndash;1884.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParamasivam, N., Ben-Dov, E., Arotsker (2013b) L Bacterial Consortium of Millepora dichotoma Exhibiting Unusual Multifocal Lesion Event in the Gulf of Eilat, Red Sea. Microb Ecol 65, 50\u0026ndash;59.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eParte AC, Sard\u0026agrave; Carbasse J, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Reimer LC, G\u0026ouml;ker M (2020) List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70:5607\u0026ndash;5612.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQin Q-L, Xie B-B, Zhang X-Y et al (2014) A proposed genus boundary for the prokaryotes based on genomic insights. J Bacteriol 196:2210\u0026ndash;2215.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406\u0026ndash;425.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSasser M (1990) Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. MIDI technical note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI inc.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShi WY, Sun QL, Fan GM et al (2021). gcType: a high-quality type strain genome database for microbial phylogenetic and functional research. Nucleic Acids Res 49(D1):D694\u0026ndash;D705.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStamatakis A (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30:1312\u0026ndash;1313.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTamura K, Nei M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 10:512\u0026ndash;526. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38:3022\u0026ndash;3027.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTeramoto M, Nishijima M (2014) \u003cem\u003eTemperatibacter marinus\u003c/em\u003e gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic bacterium isolated from surface seawater and description of Temperatibacteraceae fam. nov. in the class Alphaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:3075\u0026ndash;3080.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876\u0026ndash;4882.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTittsler RP, Sandholzer LA (1936) The Use of Semi-solid Agar for the Detection of Bacterial Motility. J Bacteriol 31(6):575\u0026ndash;580.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWu YH, Jian SL, Meng FX et al (2016) \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lipolytica\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov., isolated from seawater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 66:2198\u0026ndash;2204.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXu XW, Huo YY, Bai XD et al (2011) \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas lacus\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov., isolated from a ballast water tank, and emended description of the genus \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61:422\u0026ndash;426.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eXu X-W, Wu M, Oren A (2014) The family \u003cem\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/em\u003e. In: Rosenberg E, DeLong EF, Thompson F, Lory S, Stackebrandt E (editors). The Prokaryotes. A handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology and Biochemistry. 4th ed., \u003cem\u003eAlphaproteobacteria\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eBetaproteobacteria\u003c/em\u003e. Berlin: Springer-Verlag pp. 307\u0026ndash;312.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYang SH, Kim MR, Seo HS et al (2013) Description of \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas aquimaris\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov., isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genus \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e Kwon et al. 2005 emend. Xu et al. 2011 and of its existing species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:298\u0026ndash;302.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYe YQ, Hao ZP, Yue YY et al (2022) Characterization of \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas marina\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. and \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas laminariae\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. and comparative genomic analysis of the genus \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas\u003c/em\u003e, a marine-adapted taxon. Front Mar Sci 9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoon SH, Ha SM, Kwon S et al (2017) Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 67:1613\u0026ndash;1617.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoon SH., Ha SM, Lim J, Kwon S (2017) Chun J. A large-scale evaluation of algorithms to calculate average nucleotide identity. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 110:1281\u0026ndash;1286.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZeng FF, Zhu YH, Zhang DL et al (2022) Metagenomic analysis of the soil microbial composition and salt tolerance mechanism in Yuncheng Salt Lake, Shanxi Province. Frontiers in Microbiology 13: 1004556.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhang HX, Zhao JX, Chen GJ, Du ZJ (2016) \u003cem\u003eKordiimonas sediminis\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov., isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 109:705\u0026ndash;711.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Footnotes","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequence and draft genome sequence are PP126490 and JBBJLN000000000, respectively.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eThe raw genome sequencing data of strain\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYC-2023-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;was deposited in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of NCBI under the BioProject accession number PRJNA1088462.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"anto","sideBox":"Learn more about [Antonie van Leeuwenhoek](https://www.springer.com/journal/10482)","snPcode":"10482","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10482/3","title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., Yuncheng salt lake, polyphasic taxonomy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eA Gram-stain negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, light yellow to yellow bacterium, designated YC-2023-2\u003c/b\u003e \u003csup\u003e \u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/sup\u003e, \u003cb\u003ewas isolated from sediment sample of Yuncheng salt lake. Growth occurred at 15\u0026ndash;45 ℃ (optimum 37 ℃), pH 6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 (optimum pH 7.0\u0026ndash;8.0) and with 0\u0026ndash;8.0% NaCl (w/v, optimum 2.0%). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene showed that strain YC-2023-2\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003ebelonged to the family\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cb\u003eThe closely related members were\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eGimibacter soli\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003e6D33\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003e(92.38%)\u003c/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003eKordiimonas lipolytica\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eM41\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003e(91.88%)\u003c/b\u003e, \u003cb\u003eEilatimonas milleporae\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eDSM 25217\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003e(91.88%) and\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eKordiimonas gwangyangensis\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eJCM 12864\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003e(91.84%). The genome of strain YC-2023-2\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003ewas 2957513 bp, and the genomic DNA G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;C content was 63.91%. The main respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10%) were iso-C\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e15:0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003cb\u003eC\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e16:0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003cb\u003eC\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e19:0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003eω\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e8c cyclo, Summed Feature 8 (C\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e18:1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003eω\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e6\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ec\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eor C\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e18:1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003eω\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e7c) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e17:1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003eω\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e9\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003ec\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eor C\u003c/b\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cb\u003e16:0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e \u003cb\u003e10-methyl). The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), unidentified glycolipid (GL), unidentified lipid (L), and two unidentified aminolipids (AL). Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YC-2023-2\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003eis proposed to represent a novel species of a novel genus named\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eYunchengibacter salinarum\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003egen. nov., sp. nov., within the family\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eKordiimonadaceae\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cb\u003eThe type strain is YC-2023-2\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cb\u003e(=\u0026thinsp;GDMCC 1.4502\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-02 14:06:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4178784/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-04-02T12:27:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-03-29T02:52:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-03-29T02:52:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","date":"2024-03-28T01:50:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"anto","sideBox":"Learn more about [Antonie van Leeuwenhoek](https://www.springer.com/journal/10482)","snPcode":"10482","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10482/3","title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"14a2115f-a58f-47af-943c-f553abd5b0ef","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 2nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-16T16:09:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4178784","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-02011-6","journal":{"identity":"antonie-van-leeuwenhoek","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"},"publishedOn":"2024-09-13 15:57:59","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 13th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-02 14:06:28","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10482-024-02011-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-024-02011-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4178784","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4178784","identity":"rs-4178784","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}