Modeling of a short-term slow slip event source incorporating tensile dislocation

Modeling of a short-term slow slip event source incorporating tensile dislocation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Modeling of a short-term slow slip event source incorporating tensile dislocation Noa Mitsui, Satoshi Itaba, Yasuhiro Asai, Takanori Matsuzawa, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Deep low-frequency tremors and short-term slow slip events (S-SSEs) occur closely in space and time, and their sources are located in the transition zone between the locked seismogenic zone and the deeper stable sliding zone. These events are considered to be part of the interseismic process of megathrust earthquakes; however, their deformation mechanism is poorly understood. Geological studies have reported the possibility that both microscopic frictional sliding and tensile fracturing could occur at the source. The cumulative deformation at the source can be detected from geodetic data. Macroscopic slip dislocation, corresponding to cumulative frictional sliding, has been included as a parameter in S-SSE fault modeling; thus, the macroscopic tensile dislocation, corresponding to the cumulative tensile fracturing, can also be estimated. In this study, we re-estimated the S-SSE source model by adding tensile dislocation to the conventional S-SSE fault model. The optimum source model incorporates both tensile and slip dislocations, and is evaluated better than the conventional model that includes only slip dislocation. S-SSE source models are sometimes used to estimate the interseismic slip deficit at the plate boundary; therefore, our re-modeling of the S-SSE source could affect the estimation of anticipated megathrust earthquake sources. Slow slip event Strain Borehole strainmeter Source model tensile dislocation Nankai Trough Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Full Text Supplementary Files Slide6.png Fig. S1 The process of data correction prior to S-SSE source estimation. The top curve shows the original observed data. The middle curve shows the corrected data after removal of the tidal and pressure responses from the original data by using BAYTAP-G (Tamura et al. 1991). We also estimated the linear trend of the corrected data before the S-SSE event. The bottom curve shows the detrended data. We used the change during the time interval indicated by the red shaded rectangle as the step resulting from the S-SSE GraphicalAbstract20250502.png Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6598218","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":458733407,"identity":"3cc991db-d39a-4d0b-8197-14f82b192cdc","order_by":0,"name":"Noa Mitsui","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABGElEQVRIie3QPUvEMBjA8ecsxCVe14DQz/CUQEUo9KukCLoEudFBD8HBpeCqIPgV6uJcCVyXnK49uhwc3OSgw8ENHWwDhw6pL5tI/hAoCb8+aQFcrj8btsvzCvNIgG62i69IazwiAMSPiRlD0RD4IPb2ti/mW9WoSbCkq/xtDXzoTx8XFM4CGEytY/azCXoSMc3VzsPsWkBE2PEBp1BygCdhvVElDBHYkpoKiAmj0S6FSXoOGu3k6LUjCSq6rJuO+Po7Is2UQa4oqaG7GMiOnPYTrUdKIk9vFIlm2SHjhEke3mLBSd+3lJf3C9kEyfBZLat1HId3Vzqcv5yMA5/Z/1jX5wO2eZUCwnSfsDcG8LPfEZfL5fqvvQMyCFrWN+N0mwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1936-1514","institution":"Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Noa","middleName":"","lastName":"Mitsui","suffix":""},{"id":458733408,"identity":"a4450c0b-aa29-4634-bfeb-b134a4ed2239","order_by":1,"name":"Satoshi Itaba","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology: Kokuritsu Kenkyu Kaihatsu Hojin Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyujo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Satoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Itaba","suffix":""},{"id":458733409,"identity":"ada5e27c-f0f2-4872-8e8b-77fc22aff806","order_by":2,"name":"Yasuhiro Asai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo Power Technology Ltd. civil Engineering \u0026 Architectual Division, Seismic observation Group","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yasuhiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Asai","suffix":""},{"id":458733410,"identity":"466d1a60-9dde-46b4-80c0-ead8225a7d97","order_by":3,"name":"Takanori Matsuzawa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience: Bosai Kagaku Gijutsu Kenkyujo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takanori","middleName":"","lastName":"Matsuzawa","suffix":""},{"id":458733411,"identity":"8617a784-634d-49e1-b87b-b96150b87b66","order_by":4,"name":"Norio Matsumoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology: Kokuritsu Kenkyu Kaihatsu Hojin Sangyo Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyujo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Norio","middleName":"","lastName":"Matsumoto","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-06 02:27:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83280872,"identity":"fe4a9fdb-34dd-4843-bda3-ecc79802b521","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:18:24","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":308364,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocations of the observation sites and the observed data used in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003eLocations of the observation sites. The rectangle in the upper map indicates the area shown in the lower map. Red, black, dark blue, green, and purple circles indicate the TRIES, AIST, NIED Hi-net, JMA, and Shizuoka Prefecture observation sites, respectively. The Codes of the station names (Table 1) are written below the lower map. We used data of tilt change observed at the NIED Hi-net site, and strain change data observed at the other sites. The RT0, RT1, RT2, and RT3 tremor occurrences (Fig. \u003cstrong\u003e1b\u003c/strong\u003e) were counted within the parallelograms labeled ‘RT0’, ‘RT1’, ‘RT2’, and ‘RT3’, respectively. \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003e Observed strain and tilt data and detected numbers of tremors in the Tokai region from January 30 to February 19, 2017. Hourly values of all components were plotted after removal of linear trends for the 14.5 days preceding the episodes. Shaded red rectangles indicate the duration of the episode\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/89af875474fc293088d46214.png"},{"id":83281661,"identity":"6933caa4-ee5c-46f1-b65f-89777d72f48b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:26:24","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":205771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEstimated fault model of the S-SSE for Case 1. Red, black, dark blue, green, and purple circles indicate TRIES, AIST, NIED Hi-net, JMA, and Shizuoka Prefecture observation sites, respectively. Small blue circles indicate hypocenters of deep low-frequency tremors estimated by AIST, and green ones indicate those of low-frequency earthquakes estimated by JMA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003eThe estimated initial fault model. The fault plane was fixed as 20 km × 20 km, and the slip amount on each fault was estimated by minimizing the sum of residuals between the observed change and the calculated change of strain and tilt. The gray color scale shows the distribution of the residuals, and the red rectangle indicates the location of the fault with the lowest residual. \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003eThe refined fault model. The red rectangle shows the length and width of the estimated fault model. \u003cstrong\u003ec\u003c/strong\u003e Observed and calculated principal strain changes at the observation sites\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/88380fd23511c8c5e57d4a9d.png"},{"id":83280868,"identity":"3e1fc335-16fd-4226-8585-6549bdf0d46b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:18:24","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":204147,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEstimated fault model of the S-SSE for Case 2. \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e The estimated initial fault model. \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003eThe refined fault model. \u003cstrong\u003ec\u003c/strong\u003e Observed and calculated principal strain changes at the observation sites. For further details, see the caption of Figure 2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/beb261768fc9495839897b2c.png"},{"id":83280873,"identity":"874a0cd8-bff9-4c10-828d-4cb1dba1279d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:18:24","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":203800,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEstimated fault model of the S-SSE for Case 3. \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e The estimated initial fault model. \u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003eThe refined fault model. \u003cstrong\u003ec\u003c/strong\u003e Observed and calculated principal strain changes at the observation sites. For further details, see the caption of Figure 2\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/3d12cc539765c9c82f011f97.png"},{"id":83281663,"identity":"f73e4ed6-d882-4335-b7dc-d56bddd3f456","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:26:24","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":116105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEstimated fault model of the S-SSE with a dip angle 5° lower than in Cases 1–3. Other parameters were the same as in Case 3. \u003cstrong\u003ea\u003c/strong\u003e The estimated fault model. The red rectangle shows the length and width of the estimated fault model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eb\u003c/strong\u003eObserved and calculated principal strain changes at the observation sites\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/13fff14e01e08c5c3e9d092c.png"},{"id":87996785,"identity":"e91d71f1-4394-45d8-bf40-58a62398cedf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-31 09:35:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":622667,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EPSMitsuiSSSE20250502.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1_covered_17c05f9f-9726-4488-87f1-7eca98467b1a.pdf"},{"id":83280867,"identity":"8f2e2003-f8f3-48e1-b40d-a5a4e861836f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:18:24","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":61279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. S1\u003c/strong\u003e The process of data correction prior to S-SSE source estimation. The top curve shows the original observed data. The middle curve shows the corrected data after removal of the tidal and pressure responses from the original data by using BAYTAP-G (Tamura et al. 1991). We also estimated the linear trend of the corrected data before the S-SSE event. The bottom curve shows the detrended data. We used the change during the time interval indicated by the red shaded rectangle as the step resulting from the S-SSE\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Slide6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/4a55ec134fdcc5c23a757154.png"},{"id":83280876,"identity":"4465a85d-ef89-47a3-a424-74c16fb94d46","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 10:18:24","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":163569,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract20250502.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6598218/v1/db9df6e9fa6291bdb0eb3745.png"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Modeling of a short-term slow slip event source incorporating tensile dislocation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Slow slip event, Strain, Borehole strainmeter, Source model, tensile dislocation, Nankai Trough","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Deep low-frequency tremors and short-term slow slip events (S-SSEs) occur closely in space and time, and their sources are located in the transition zone between the locked seismogenic zone and the deeper stable sliding zone. These events are considered to be part of the interseismic process of megathrust earthquakes; however, their deformation mechanism is poorly understood. Geological studies have reported the possibility that both microscopic frictional sliding and tensile fracturing could occur at the source. The cumulative deformation at the source can be detected from geodetic data. Macroscopic slip dislocation, corresponding to cumulative frictional sliding, has been included as a parameter in S-SSE fault modeling; thus, the macroscopic tensile dislocation, corresponding to the cumulative tensile fracturing, can also be estimated. In this study, we re-estimated the S-SSE source model by adding tensile dislocation to the conventional S-SSE fault model. The optimum source model incorporates both tensile and slip dislocations, and is evaluated better than the conventional model that includes only slip dislocation. S-SSE source models are sometimes used to estimate the interseismic slip deficit at the plate boundary; therefore, our re-modeling of the S-SSE source could affect the estimation of anticipated megathrust earthquake sources.","manuscriptTitle":"Modeling of a short-term slow slip event source incorporating tensile dislocation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-22 10:18:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6598218/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d23d22b5-92d8-434b-8729-de44cc8e0aed","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-31T09:27:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-22 10:18:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6598218","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6598218","identity":"rs-6598218","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}