Information structure of heterogeneous criticality in a fish school

Information structure of heterogeneous criticality in a fish school | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Information structure of heterogeneous criticality in a fish school Takayuki Niizato, Kotaro Sakamoto, Yoh-ichi Mototake, Hisashi Murakami, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4495420/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The integrated information theory (IIT) measures the degree of consciousness in living organisms from an information-theoretic perspective. This theory can be extended to general systems such as those measuring criticality. Herein, we applied the IIT to actual collective behaviour (Plecoglossus altivelis). We found that the group integrity (i.e., Φ) could be maximised in the critical state and that several levels of criticalities existed in a group as subgroups. Furthermore, these fragmented critical groups coexisted with traditional criticality as a whole. The distribution of high-criticality subgroups was heterogeneous in terms of time and space. In particular, the core fish in the high-criticality group tended to be unaffected by internal and external stimulation, in contrast to those in the low-criticality group. The results of this study are consistent with previous interpretations of critical phenomena and provide a new interpretation of the detailed dynamics of an empirical critical state. Earth and environmental sciences/Ecology/Behavioural ecology Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics/Scale invariance Biological sciences/Zoology/Animal behaviour Critical phenomena Collective behaviour Heterogeneous information process Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Informationstructureofheterogeneouscriticalityinfishschool18.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 30 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 09 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 05 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 09 Jul, 2024 Editor invited by journal 30 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 30 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 29 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4495420","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":312860238,"identity":"f9ac49d6-0ae8-4c06-88e0-bafc029501c6","order_by":0,"name":"Takayuki 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