Asymmetric Determinants of CO2 Emissions in China: Do Government Size and Country Size Matter?

Abstract CO2 emission reduction is a long-term strategy for China to promote its government and country size. However, this study examines the asymmetric impact of government size and country size on CO2 emissions in China. The study embraces the nonlinear ARDL framework of time series data analysis as proposed by Shin et al. (2014), which disentangles the positive and negative shocks to government size and country size. We find that the response of CO2 emissions to government size and country size positive shocks differs from the negative shocks. Empirical outcomes revealed that a positive shock of government size exerts an insignificant positive on CO2 emissions, while a negative shock of government size reduces CO2 emissions. More specifically, a positive shock of country size mitigates the CO2 emissions of China in long run. Policymakers should redesign the energy and environment policies in the framework of government size and country size.