Blockchain Applications in the Military Domain: A Systematic Review

Background: Blockchain technology can be transformative in military operations, increasing security, transparency, and gaining efficiency. It addresses many of the problems related to data security, privacy, communication, and supply chain management. Those aspects that have been most researched are its integration with emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, application in unmanned aerial vehicles, and secure communications; Methods: A systematic review of 43 peer-reviewed articles was performed to find out the applications of blockchain in defense. Key areas analyzed include the role of blockchain in securing communications, fostering transparency, promoting real-time data sharing, and using smart contracts for maintenance management. Challenges were assessed, including scalability, interoperability, and integration with the legacy system, alongside possible solutions, such as sharding and optimized consensus mechanisms; Results: In the case of blockchain, great potential benefits were shown in enhancing military operations, including secure communication, immutable record-keeping, and real-time integration of data with IoT and AI. Smart contracts optimized resource allocation and reduced maintenance procedures. However, challenges remain, such as in scalability, interoperability, and high energy requirements. Proposed solutions like sharding and hybrid architecture show promise to address these issues; Conclusions: Blockchain is set to revolutionize the efficiency and security of the military. Its potential is huge, but it must overcome issues of scalability, interoperability, and integration. Further research and strategic adoption will thus allow blockchain to become one of the cornerstones of future military operations.