The role of pharmacists and pharmacy team members in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of outbreaks – a global rapid systematic review

The role of pharmacists and pharmacy team members in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of outbreaks – a global rapid systematic review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The role of pharmacists and pharmacy team members in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of outbreaks – a global rapid systematic review Rachel Berry, Anna Wilkinson, Aliya Turk, Bee Yean Ng, Sadie Pinkney, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Pharmacists and their teams can undertake pharmaceutical public health roles during outbreaks within the World Health Organization (WHO) emergency cycle of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. These may be at micro- (individual), meso- (regional or organisational) or macro- (national) levels. The primary outcome was to identify pharmacy team members' roles in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19) and classifying these within the WHO emergency cycle and intervention level. Methods We conducted a rapid systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024617152) in Embase, Medline, and SCOPUS databases including articles published from 2014 to Feb 2025. After duplicate removal, titles/abstracts and full texts were screened, extracted and assessed for bias by one reviewer, with 10% second-checked. Thematic synthesis was used and described narratively to reflect variability in the studies. Results From 161 articles across all WHO regions, 145 distinct roles were identified. Most were in the response stage (46%), followed by prevention (29%), preparedness (15%), and recovery (10%). Roles were primarily at meso-level (37%) and micro-level (35%), with fewer at macro-level (28%). About 34% of articles reported contributions to reducing health inequalities. Reported barriers were clustered into five themes: knowledge/training gaps, regulatory restrictions, resource and infrastructure constraints, communication issues, and cultural factors. Conclusion Pharmacy team members have key roles during non-COVID outbreaks across all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and at all levels. However, their expertise remains underutilised in recovery, and macro-level interventions. Integrating pharmacy roles into emergency frameworks, supported by regulatory reform, sustainable funding, and training, is essential to strengthen health system resilience. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Pharmacists are trained healthcare professionals who ensure the responsible use of medicines across healthcare, including in sectors such as community, hospital, industrial, academic, and emergency services. Working with their team members (including registered/regulated pharmacy technicians) they contribute to the safety, quality, and efficiency of health systems ( 1 ). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a disease outbreak as the occurrence of disease cases exceeding normal expectancy and notes that outbreaks may be caused by infections, chemicals, or radioactive materials (2). WHO outlines a comprehensive emergency management cycle consisting of four interconnected phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (3). In many countries, pharmacists possess public health skills that support their contribution to health protection activities (including those relating to outbreaks) at micro- (individual or patient-facing), meso- (regional or organisational) or macro- (national) levels ( 4 ). Micro-level : Direct patient-facing services like health promotion, screenings, and medication advice, and personal level activity such as self-education and maintaining competence. Meso-level : Organisational or community-level interventions such as health fairs, chronic disease programs, and collaboration with community groups, and organisational activities such as supporting personnel planning and education. Macro-level : Policy and system-level roles including national strategy development, commissioning services, and influencing public health policy, or activities undertaken at national level such as coordinating work or being part of national multi-disciplinary (MDT) teams. International guidance focusing on emergency preparedness and pharmaceutical workforce development is available (5). This emphasises the importance of integrating pharmacists and pharmacy teams into national outbreak response plans to strengthen resilience and improve health outcomes internationally. The COVID‑19 pandemic elevated the visibility and scope of pharmacy roles in outbreak prevention and control, including evidence of expanded roles such as teleconsultations, home delivery of medications, enhanced patient education, and hygiene protocols (6) and contributions to antibiotic stewardship such as guiding rational antimicrobial use and combating misinformation (7). Frameworks emphasize the importance of integrating pharmacists into all stages of outbreak management (8), yet systematic reviews of their roles in outbreaks of other infectious diseases such as Ebola, influenza, and cholera are lacking (9), suggesting that participation in other outbreak contexts remains under-reviewed. This rapid systematic review aimed to identify pharmacists and pharmacy team members' contributions to non-COVID outbreaks and to classify these roles according to the WHO emergency cycle(3) and level of intervention ( 4 ). The secondary outcome was to identify any contributions to addressing health inequalities and barriers to these roles, services or activities. Method This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines(10) with adaptations for a rapid review due to a requirement for prompt information to support timely policy development and resource limitations as per published recommendations (11,12). These included restriction of the publication period to after 2014 to ensure current relevancy, limiting dual screening and extraction to 10% of included articles, and exclusion of grey literature and articles not accessible through institutional subscriptions of the project group. For the PRISMA checklist see Additional Information Table S1 ; recommendations by Stevens et al( 13 ) were also followed for reporting of a rapid systematic review. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024617152). Search strategy A systematic literature search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus in February 2025. The search strategy was developed and refined by the authors (R.B., A.W., A.T., A.E., T.T., and D.A.O.) with advice from UK Health Security Agency Knowledge and Evidence specialists. The search focused on studies describing roles or services provided by pharmacists or pharmacy team members in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19) in all settings. Articles from all publication types (including peer reviewed articles, opinion pieces, letter, abstracts and posters for conferences) published between 2014 and February 2025 in any language describing roles of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, pharmacy students or other pharmacy team members in non-COVID outbreaks (including pharmacy services/settings) were included. Articles discussing roles of non-pharmacy team members, staff or healthcare professionals, or solely discussing COVID 19 or outbreaks or epidemics not included within WHO definition e.g. obesity, opioid use were excluded. A summary of the search strategy is shown in Table 1 (for detailed search strategy see Additional Information Table S2). Table 1 – Summary search strategy Pharmacy professional AND Outbreaks NOT COVID or other Pharmacists Disease Outbreaks covid* Pharmacy technicians Epidemics corona* Pharmacy staff pandemic preparedness obesity Pharmacy students biohazard release opioid pharmacy residencies chemical hazard release clinical pharmacist radioactive hazard release hospital pharmacist HIV community pharmacist STD pharmacies Anthrax Community pharmacy services influenza, human pharmacy service, hospital Chikungunya pharmaceutical services, online Cholera pharmaceutical services Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever schools, pharmacy Dengue pharmacy research Diphtheria pharmacy practice Ebola pharmacy Hepatitis Influenza Measles Meningitis Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Plague Poliomyelitis Rift valley fever Severe acute respiratory syndrome Typhoid fever Viral haemorrhagic fevers Yellow fever Zika virus mpox resistant infection Screening All identified articles were imported into Rayyan™ and duplicates were removed. Initially, all reviewers screened the first 10 records to refine inclusion criteria and ensure consistency. Thereafter, each article was screened by one of the reviewers (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) with 10% reviewed by a second reviewer (10% randomly assigned by Rayyan™). Discrepancies were resolved by consensus through discussion or by a third reviewer (DAO) whose decision was final; full text was accessed if needed. Rayyan™ was used to track inclusion/exclusion decisions. Data extraction A standardised data extraction tool was designed with specified column headings using Microsoft Excel™. Each article was extracted by one of the reviewers (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) and 10% reviewed in duplicate (every 10th article when alphabetical by author). All discrepancies were resolved by consensus through discussion. Extracted data included: Study characteristics (country, outbreak type, pharmacy team member discussed, setting) Roles identified Any discussion relating to health inequalities or barriers to role delivery Risk of bias assessment (dup: abstract ?) Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)(14) and relevant tools from JBI (15). Each article was reviewed by one reviewer (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) with 10% reviewed by a second (the 10th article when ordered alphabetically by author, starting at the fifth article). No discrepancies were identified. Data synthesis A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in article type, study design, setting and roles identified. The primary aim was to collate roles of pharmacists or pharmacy team members in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19). After data extraction the focus of the roles was ascertained. These were then analysed using thematic coding involving identification of recurring concepts or keywords from the original texts, consolidating conceptually similar roles even if described differently. The roles were subsequently categorised by level (micro-, meso- or macro- level) and stage of the emergency cycle (preparedness, prevention, recovery or response). Thematic coding was carried out by one lead author with clinical expertise (R.B.) with 10% double checked by a second author (B.H.). Sub-group analysis was conducted to ascertain whether the service or role was carried out in a high-income country (HIC) or low/middle income country (LMIC) as defined by the World Bank (16) (articles with multiple countries were excluded), by pharmacy team member involved, and by outbreak type (infectious disease compared to others such as food or water contamination, bioterrorism or poisonings). The thematic organisation, filtering, and mapping processes were conducted using Microsoft Excel™. The secondary outcome was to identify any contributions to addressing health inequalities and barriers to these roles, services or activities; where these were discussed within a paper the key themes were extracted and thematically coded to provide an overview of key learning. Results The searches returned 1,824 records. After removing duplicates, 1,489 papers were screened on title and abstract. Of these 1,241 were excluded leaving 248 for full article screening. Of these, 32 could not be retrieved (see Additional Information Table S3), and a further 55 were excluded because they met the exclusion criteria, leaving 161 eligible articles (Fig. 1 ). Characteristics of the identified articles A summary of article characteristics is provided in Table 2 . For the full extraction table see Additional Information Table S4. Table 2 – Summary of characteristics of included articles Characteristics Number of articles % (Total = 161) References World Health Organization Region Region of the Americas 60 (37.3%) 17–76 European Region 29 (18.0%) 77–105 Western Pacific 18 (11.2%) 106–123 Multiple countries included 18 (10.6%) 124–141 Eastern Mediterranean 17 (10.6%) 142–158 African Region 11 (7.5%) 159–169 South-East Asia 8 (5.0%) 170–177 Outbreak Type Not specific - pandemic, epidemic etc 26 (16.1%) 30,31,40,52,59,73,84,85,89,92,97,102,105,107,115,126, 129,130,134,137,139,141,146,158,161,170 Influenza 23 (14.2%) 19,32,37,46,61,62,68–70,72,77,81,86,91,98,100,109, 111,113,114,116,125,152 Not specific - infectious diseases 17 (10.6%) 29,35,47,50,83,87,101,103,104,106,108,110,117,127,131, 160,177 Ebola virus 14 (8.7%) 33,41,71,76,80,128,132,133,138,163–167 Mpox or Monkeypox 14 (8.7%) 26,38,55,58,121,145,147,150,151,153–157 Contamination of pharmaceutical product 13 (8.1%) 17,36,45,48,51,54,57,63,66,78,95,124,169 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 12 (7.5%) 20,21,24,39,49,56,67,88,90,118,162,168 Poisoning 4 (2.5%) 34,60,82,142 Zika 4 (2.5%) 23,74,75,119 Food or water contamination 3 (1.8%) 79,123,144 Measles 3 (1.8%) 42,44,65 Tuberculosis 3 (1.8%) 120,140,176 Biohazard 2 (1.2%) 53,94 Clostridium difficile 2 (1.2%) 43,96 Diphtheria 2 (1.2%) 159,175 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HVC) 2 (1.2%) 27,28 Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis 1 (0.6%) 171 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) 1 (0.6%) 149 Cholera 1 (0.6%) 174 Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever 1 (0.6%) 148 Dengue 1 (0.6%) 173 Enterovirus D68 1 (0.6%) 25 Headlice 1 (0.6%) 135 Impetigo 1 (0.6%) 99 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 1 (0.6%) 143 Multi-drug resistant organism outbreak 1 (0.6%) 112 Mumps 1 (0.6%) 18 Paediatric diarrhoeal disease 1 (0.6%) 122 Pertussis 1 (0.6%) 64 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 1 (0.6%) 136 Rubella 1 (0.6%) 172 Scabies 1 (0.6%) 22 Smallpox 1 (0.6%) 93 Job Title Pharmacist 92 (57.1%) 18,22,23,25,27–29,31,34,37–40,42–45,49–55,57,59–62,65,67, 69,70,74–79,82,84,86–89,91,93,94,96,98,99,104–107,115, 116,118–120,122,127,129,130,132,134–137,139,140,143–147,151,153,155–158,160,162,164–167,172,175–177 Not specified 50 (31.1%) 17,19–21,24,33,41,46,48,56,58,63,64,66,71,72,80,81,83,85, 90,92,95,97,100–103,108–114,117,124,125,128,131,138, 142,152,159,168–171,173,174 Multiple pharmacy team members 10 (6.2%) 30,32,35,36,68,73,123,126,133,149 Pharmacy student 6 (3.7%) 26,47,121,148,150,154 Pharmacy technician 1 (0.6%) 161 Pharmacy dispenser 1 (0.6%) 163 Pharmacy school faculty 1 (0.6%) 141 Setting Retail/ community 66 (41%) 19–21,24,26–29,32,37,44,59,61,62,64,65,67–70,73,79–81,84, 86,88–93,98–105,107–110,113,115–120,125,129,130,135, 136,139,140,145,152,158,159,162,171,174,175 Hospital 30 (18.6%) 22,30,33,34,40–43,52,53,55,58,60,72,76,78,95,96,112,122, 127,132,138,142,143,156,164,169,170,173 Not specified 24 (14.9%) 18,23,25,31,49,56,71,77,82,87,114,126,137,144,146,147, 153–155,160,163,166,167,177 Multiple settings 12 (7.5%) 17,35,74,94,97,123,133,134,149,151,157,176 Compounding pharmacy or centre 9 (5.6%) 36,45,48,51,54,57,63,66,124 Primary care 6 (3.7%) 38,75,85,161,168,172 Higher Education Institutions 5 (3.1%) 47,121,141,148,150 Industry 3 (1.8%) 111,128,131 Long term care setting 2 (1.2%) 46,83 Public health workforce 2 (1.2%) 50,106 Prisons 1 (0.6%) 39 Research pharmacy 1 (0.6%) 165 Among the 161 included articles, 43 individual countries were discussed. The most frequently represented countries were the United States of America (57/161, 35.4%) (17–73), China (9/161, 5.6%) ( 106 – 114 ), Saudi Arabia (6/161, 3.7%) ( 142 – 147 ), France (5/161, 3.1%) ( 77 – 81 ), and Spain (5/161, 3.1%) ( 82 – 86 ). 18 articles discussed multiple countries ( 124 – 141 ). Risk of bias assessment Overall, the included studies were of moderate quality, as only 65 of the included studies (40.4%) fulfilled 100% of the relevant assessment criteria, 35 studies (21.7%) fulfilled between 75 and 99%, and 31 fulfilled between 50 and 74% (19.3%). A number fulfilled less than 50% (30/161, 18.6%) and ten studies were excluded from Risk of Bias assessment as they were conference abstracts or protocols. For full Risk of Bias assessment see Additional Information Table S5. Roles of pharmacy professionals A total of 145 roles for pharmacists and pharmacy team members in non-COVID 19 outbreaks were identified (Table 3 ). Table 3 – Roles identified, by stage of cycle, level of intervention and country. Level Micro Meso Macro Emergency Planning Cycle Stage HIC LMIC Multiple countries HIC LMIC Multiple countries HIC LMIC Multiple countries Preparedness Knowledge of managing outbreaks x Provide education for pharmacy professionals in organisation x x Development of legislation to support national emergency planning x Undertake self-education x x x Business continuity planning to allow continuation of pharmacy services x x x Development of national emergency plans x Maintain professional competence x x Development of organisational emergency planning guidance and policies x Integration of pharmacies into national emergency planning x Knowledge of how to report key diseases x Development of organisational treatment policy or guidance x x Advocate/lobby for better national public health measures x Involvement in emergency planning at organisational level x x x Increase awareness of national opportunities for pharmacy professionals in public health roles x Take part in organisational preparedness simulations x Part of Multi-disciplinary Team that leads on national preparedness x Consider the use of novel solutions to provide usual pharmacy services x Encourage national partnerships with pharmaceutical companies x Stock management and distribution of treatments, preventative measures or consumables – organisation x Disease surveillance - evaluation of national surveillance systems x Disease surveillance - use of pharmacy medicines sale data for early outbreak detection, recognition and reporting of unusual medication requests x x x Prevention Knowledge of vaccination policy, guidance or recommendations x Development of vaccination policy, guidance or recommendations x x Vaccine development and production - national x x Vaccination of patients x x x Vaccine production - organisational x Vaccine distribution x x Dispensing of vaccines x x x Vaccine clinical trials - organisational involvement x x National education for pharmacy professionals about vaccination x x Assessing vaccination status x Vaccine distribution x x x National vaccination programme planning and implementation x Public education about vaccination x x x Organisational involvement in national vaccination program x Advocate/lobby for access to vaccination - sharing with other countries, unregistered patient access x x Patient education or counselling about vaccination, including reducing misinformation x x x Recognition and assessment of high-risk patients requiring vaccination - liaison with local schools x Quality assurance of new vaccines x Recognition and assessment of high-risk patients requiring vaccination x Development of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations x Development of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations x x Get recommended vaccinations x Follow Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations x x x National public health program planning and implementation x Knowledge of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations x x Support Infection, Prevention, and Control in care homes x Support national antimicrobial stewardship x Follow Infection, Prevention, and Control recommendations x Part of Infection, Prevention, and Control Multi-disciplinary Team x x National education for Health Care Workers about antimicrobial stewardship x Public education about prevention x Support organisational antimicrobial stewardship x Patient education or counselling about prevention x x x Production of preventative measures - alcohol based hand sanitiser x x Support patient level antimicrobial stewardship x x Educate Health Care Workers on how to produce preventative measures - alcohol based hand sanitiser x Educate Health Care Workers about antimicrobial stewardship x Development of aseptic policy or guidance for pharmaceutical products x Supply preventative medicines or measures to patients x x Follow aseptic policy or guidance when making up pharmaceutical products x x Preventative medicine adherence support x x Follow aseptic policy or guidance when making up pharmaceutical products x Response Knowledge about the disease/outbreak x x Team spirit x Leadership role at national level x x x Knowledge about Health Technology Appraisals x Leadership role at organisational level x x Support Health Care Worker and pharmacist education x Undertake self-education x x x Enable expanded job roles at organisational level x Advocate/lobby for patients x Undertake expanded job roles x x Personnel management x Personnel management x Personal composure x Support organisational or regional outbreak management x x Development of national treatment policy, recommendations or guidance x x Respond to outbreak x Disease surveillance - use of pharmacy data x x Develop, review or update legislation x x x Disease surveillance - reporting of cases x x x Changes in ways of working to manage demand x Logistics and distribution of medicines or consumables x First point of patient contact x x x Development of organisational policy or guidance x x Manage medicine and consumable supply issues x Provide First Aid x Maintain organisational compliance with legislation, policy, recommendation or guidance x x Management of national drug costs x Symptom recognition and diagnosis x x x Stock management of medicines and consumables x x x Part of national Multi-disciplinary Team for outbreak response x Triage and appropriate referral of patients x x x Logistics and distribution of medicines or consumables x x x Collaboration with others working at national level x x x Patient education and advice (including via digital platforms) x x x Manage medicine and consumable supply issues x x x Communication with others working at national level x x Point-of-care testing x x x Prevent hoarding or diversion of medicines x Develop national public education resources and campaigns x Pharmaceutical care of patients x x x Part of outbreak response Multi-Disciplinary Team x x x Pharmaceutical industry role in developing treatments x Supply of treatment to patients (Sales or dispensing) x x x Collaboration with others working at regional or organisational level x x Advocate/lobby for research and clinical trials x Follow treatment guidance x Communication with others working at regional or organisational level x x Clinical trials - design and implementation x Adherence support for treatment x x x Involvement in public health campaigns x x Quality assurance of new products x Maintain accurate and complete patient records. x x Clinical trials - organisational involvement x Pharmaceutical product source identification x Involvement in patient identification, notification, and contract tracing x Research - organisational involvement x Pharmaceutical management of long-term conditions x x Clinical trials - changes in ways of working x Continued supply of medicines for long-term conditions x x x Pharmaceutical product source identification x Stay within law for supply of medicines x x Recall of contaminated pharmaceutical product x x Manage supply issues and medicines shortages x Public education (including via digital platforms) to reduce misinformation panic and fear x x x Educate Health Care Workers x x Contribute to clinical trials and research x x x Supply of investigational medicines to patients x Recovery Self-reflection x Post learning analysis and sharing x x x Review and update national protocol, policies, and guidelines x Contribution to post learning analysis x Review and update organisational protocol, policies, and guidelines x x Review legislation x Long-term follow up and management of lasting effects of outbreak x x Resumption of usual activity x Review partnership and joint working to inform future response x Liaise with wider stakeholders regarding recovery x Collaborate on national reports about learning from outbreaks x Relocate personnel and equipment x Shut down temporary premises x Forecasting organisational recovery needs x These roles ranged across the stages of the WHO emergency cycle and the level of intervention (Fig. 2 ). The roles were delivered within five main themes of activity and spread across the stages of the emergency cycle (Fig. 3 ). Sub-analysis When analysed by country, a broader range of roles were identified in high-income countries (HICs) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (93 versus 65) (Fig. 4 ). Due to the limited number of articles addressing outbreaks related to food or water contamination, poisonings, or biohazards (n = 10), sub-analysis was not feasible. Similarly, sub-analysis by pharmacy team member could not be performed because of insufficient data for non-pharmacists (n = 9). Secondary outcomes Impact on health inequalities Approximately a third of articles discussed the impact on inequalities (55/161, 34%) (19,20,26–31,34,38,42,44,46,53,55,58–60,62,67,68,79,81,83,88–93,97,101,105,107, 110,113,129,130,132,134,135,137–140,142,153,155,158,159,164,165,171,175,176). Six key themes related to addressing health inequalities were identified: Increasing accessibility to vaccinations – Support for vaccination efforts in rural, remote, and underserved areas, as well as among refugees, displaced individuals, and residents of long-term care facilities. Reducing inequity in healthcare provision – Contributions through frontline services in underserved settings, extended hours and improved accessibility. Novel solutions to reduce inequities – Strategies included virtual clinical trial systems, telephone clinics for follow-up, innovative medicine supply chains, and community pharmacy-based prevention and treatment. Supporting vulnerable patient groups – Interventions targeted homeless individuals, people who inject drugs (PWID), long-term care patients, and those facing gender disparities or stigma, including individuals with HIV and men who have sex with men. Targeted messaging to high-risk populations – Engagement in tailored communication for “unreached” groups, preventative advice, and collaboration with local communities for targeted messaging. Managing cultural differences and sensitivities – Activities included culturally appropriate messaging, addressing religious restrictions and beliefs, and working with community and faith groups. Barriers to roles Barriers to roles were discussed in nearly two thirds of the articles (100/161, 62.1%) (19,20, 24,26–28,30,32,35,37,39,40,42–44,46,47,49–56,58–60,62,64,65,67–69,73,75,76,78, 79,81,85,88–91,93–96,103,106,107,110–115,117–125,127,132,133–136,138,140,142–145,147–158,160–162,164,165,171,172,174,176). These barriers were grouped within five key themes; Knowledge and training gaps included limited understanding of disease transmission, prevention, and vaccination, as well as insufficient formal training in emergency preparedness and public health roles. Regulatory and policy barriers included restrictive vaccination authority, unclear liability frameworks, and lack of formal agreements for pharmacy organisations or pharmacy professionals' involvement in emergency planning. Resource and infrastructure constraints such as workforce shortages, supply chain disruptions, inadequate physical space, and financial limitations were frequently reported. Communication and coordination issues involved poor integration with public health systems, unclear roles, and underutilisation of pharmacy data for surveillance. Finally, cultural and social factors included public distrust, misinformation, stigma toward vulnerable populations, and inter-professional tensions. Discussion This rapid review based on literature across all WHO regions identified 145 roles for pharmacists and their teams in non-COVID outbreaks across five key themes (policy, education, supply chain, clinical, and research). These roles spanned all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and were carried out at all levels of intervention, however lower numbers of roles were identified within the recovery stage, and at macro-level. Most of the roles identified in this review were within the response phase of the emergency cycle which aligns to the international recommendations which prioritise pharmacy contributions to emergency response through supply chain management, triage support, and collaboration with public health teams ( 1 ). The prevention stage emerged as the second most frequently reported area of pharmacy team involvement, reflecting roles in vaccination campaigns (18,19,26,29,31,32,35,44,46, 59,62,64,65,68,70,73,81,89–94,101,125,136,145,153,159,175), antimicrobial stewardship ( 89 , 129 , 149 ), and public education aimed at reducing transmission ( 85 , 145 ). There were fewer roles identified in the preparedness and recovery stages. This could indicate that the expertise of pharmacy professionals is being underutilised in these stages. It could also suggest a possible research gap: while there is evidence that pharmacy teams engage in preparedness activities (24,35,37, 40,47,50,52,72,79,83,84,86,87,94,97,98,100,103,108–110,117,126,129,133,134,142, 146,150,152,161,174,177) and post-outbreak rehabilitation (34,39,41,49,50,60,116, 126,129,130,142,146,177) these efforts are underrepresented in published work. Addressing this gap is essential to fully capture the scope of pharmacy practice in outbreak resilience and to inform policy frameworks that integrate pharmacy professionals across all phases of emergency planning. Most of the roles identified took place at the meso- (organisational/regional) level. This finding is somewhat unexpected, as previous literature suggests that micro-level pharmaceutical public health roles such as direct patient care are typically more prevalent ( 4 ). One possible explanation is that nearly a third of the included articles did not specify the individual's role but instead described the setting, such as the role of a hospital pharmacy within a hospital organisation responding to an outbreak (see Table 2 ). There is a clear need to distinguish the roles of pharmacists and pharmacy team members from those of their organisations to better demonstrate the unique contribution that they make within wider public health contexts and to understand the roles of different pharmacy team members within multidisciplinary teams. This is particularly important at a time when roles are evolving, especially with the expansion of responsibilities for pharmacy technicians in some countries ( 178 – 181 ). Notably, this current review identified only nine articles that focused exclusively on roles for pharmacy team members other than pharmacists (26,47,121,141,148,150, 154,161,163). This highlights a pressing need for further research and policy development to support the recognition and advancement of these team members, ensuring that the full potential of the pharmacy workforce is leveraged in outbreak management. Despite the high overall number of meso-level roles, there was a predominance towards high numbers of micro-level roles within the response and prevention stages, and within the clinical theme. This demonstrates the patient-focused nature of the work undertaken by most pharmacy professionals but reflects a narrow scope compared to the broader potential of pharmacy in public health. Previous work on pharmaceutical public health has demonstrated a need to expand pharmacy involvement beyond micro-level interventions to strengthen health system resilience ( 4 ); this current review supports the recommendations made previously, which include developing specialist public health career pathways, integrating pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams at all levels, and increasing access to public health training. Macro-level roles, including policy development, advocacy, and participation in national outbreak planning, were less commonly documented. This imbalance may be due to limited publication of strategic and system-level activities or under-recognition of pharmacists’ contributions beyond direct patient care. By Country Income This review found that in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pharmaceutical public health roles tended to be concentrated at the micro-level, with a strong emphasis on patient-centred care, such as medicines and preventative treatment supply ( 94 , 108 – 110 , 120 , 122 , 152 , 158 , 162 , 164 , 168 , 174 , 176 ), patient counselling on treatments (74,94,118,151,156,162,171,175) and basic infection prevention measures ( 112 , 148 , 153 ). This reflects the accessibility of pharmacies as a first point of contact for many communities ( 182 ). However, given that these settings often experience greater vulnerability to outbreaks and may have limited healthcare infrastructure ( 183 ), the potential contribution of pharmacy professionals to system-level preparedness and coordinated response appears underutilised. This disparity underscores the need for capacity building, policy integration, and resource allocation in LMICs to enable pharmacists to contribute effectively across the full spectrum of emergency management. Secondary outcomes Evidence from this review demonstrates that the roles of pharmacists and pharmacy teams in non-COVID outbreaks contribute to reducing health inequalities. Increased access to treatment, advice, and vaccinations highlights pharmacists and their teams as highly accessible healthcare providers (26,29,31,46,58,62,68,79,81,91–93,101, 107,129,130,159,171). They are also capable of delivering targeted interventions to high-risk, vulnerable, and hard-to-reach populations (19,20,38,42,44,53,55,59,60,89, 134,135,153,175). The use of innovative solutions can further mitigate the impact of outbreaks on the most disadvantaged groups and improves access to essential care ( 97 , 139 ). Inclusivity and cultural sensitivity emerged as key aspects, underscoring the importance of ensuring pharmacy professionals are well-informed, culturally competent, and equipped to reduce stigma while engaging marginalised communities effectively ( 142 , 153 , 155 ). The barriers identified in this review highlight cross-cutting barriers—such as regulatory constraints, training alignment, infrastructure gaps, and information-sharing limitations—that reflect broader health system design issues rather than profession-specific challenges. Addressing these barriers will have important implications for effective emergency preparedness, workforce planning, and equity-oriented public health policy well beyond pharmacy practice alone. Targeted health policy and management interventions could strengthen pharmacy contributions during public health emergencies; leveraging health systems to enable an expanded remit for pharmacy professionals (26,35,126,146), improving integration of pharmacy into the emergency preparedness and public health planning at national and international levels (44,49,53), and ensuring sustainable funding mechanisms ( 85 , 164 ) could significantly improve public health in response to outbreaks and reduce inequalities. Multidisciplinary integration could strengthen system resilience, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where workforce flexibility, task-shifting, and community reach are critical. In addition, embedding comprehensive education and training throughout the pharmacy career pathway will be essential to equip pharmacists with the knowledge and confidence required (27,37,47,55,94,122,147,150). Limitations This rapid review prioritised timeliness over comprehensiveness. To ensure current relevance, only peer-reviewed publications from 2014 onward were included; grey literature was excluded, along with articles (n = 32) that could not be retrieved (see Additional Information Table S3). A rapid review was deemed appropriate because providing a timely overview of pharmacy professionals’ roles in outbreaks to inform policy development was considered more important than achieving exhaustive coverage. Nonetheless, it remains possible that some roles may have been missed, although the repeated description of similar roles across studies suggests that saturation was likely achieved. The quality of the included studies were assessed as moderate. However, given that the primary objective of this review was to identify the roles of pharmacy professionals in non-COVID outbreaks rather than to evaluate the outcomes reported, the methodological quality of individual studies is considered to pose a low risk to the validity of the review’s conclusions. We also acknowledge limitations in the classification approach used. Some roles naturally span multiple stages of the emergency cycle, for example, increasing vaccination programs in response to an outbreak also contributes to preparedness for future events. Similarly, proactive development of guidance was considered a preparedness activity, yet often would require adaptation during response and updating during recovery, reflecting the cyclical nature of emergency management. While roles were assigned based on descriptions in the original papers, this inherent overlap and fluidity between stages may have influenced categorisation. Thematic assignment of the impact on inequalities and barriers could also have been misinterpreted. These limitations were mitigated through second checking of 10% of the thematic assignment, however may not have been fully resolved. Policy Implications The findings of this review highlight some key implications for national and international policy makers, and pharmacy professional bodies. They also give additional support to existing recommendations from WHO. At the national level, health authorities should integrate pharmacy roles into emergency preparedness and response frameworks, supported by regulatory reform to expand scope of practice where needed to enable pharmacy teams to deliver vaccinations, manage emergency medicines, and participate in robust surveillance measures (8,184,185). Internationally, collaboration between governments, global health organisations, and professional bodies is critical to harmonise standards, share best practices, and strengthen capacity in low- and middle-income countries ( 186 ). Embedding comprehensive education and training throughout pharmacy career pathways will ensure pharmacists are equipped for outbreak management and public health leadership ( 187 ). Leveraging this expertise will enhance preparedness, optimise patient outcomes, and reduce the disproportionate impact of future outbreaks on vulnerable populations worldwide. Pharmacy professional bodies should lead efforts to embed outbreak management and public health competencies into education and training pathways, advocate for policy changes that recognise advanced pharmacy roles in outbreak management and public health and develop evidence-based guidance to support integration of pharmacy professionals across all stages of the emergency cycle (8). In addition, professional bodies should champion public and patient advocacy campaigns to raise awareness of the full scope of pharmacy services during outbreaks, ensuring communities understand how pharmacists can support prevention, treatment, and recovery. Conclusion Pharmacy team members have key roles during non-COVID outbreaks across all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and at all levels. However, their expertise remains underutilised in recovery, and macro-level interventions. Integrating pharmacy roles into emergency frameworks, supported by regulatory reform, sustainable funding, and training, is essential to strengthen health system resilience. Abbreviations AMR Antimicrobial Resistance HCW Healthcare worker HIC High-income country HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HCV Hepatitis C virus IPC Infection prevention and control LMIC Low or middle income country MDT Multi-disciplinary team MMAT Mixed method appraisal tool OTC Over the counter PREP Pre-exposure prophylaxis PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PWID People who inject drugs WHO World Health Organization Declarations Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Funding This work was conducted as part of UK Health Security Agency activities. No additional funding was used. Author Contribution D.A.O and R.B conceptualised the study. R.B., A.W., A.T., A.E., T.T., and D.A.O. designed the study protocol including search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. R.B. conducted the searches, with support from D.A.O, and advice on search terms from the UKHSA Knowledge and Library Services. R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H., screened the studies, extracted the data and conducted the risk of bias assessment. R.B. and B.H. synthesised the results. R.B. wrote the original draft manuscript with input from A.T, T.T. and D.A.O. All authors edited and reviewed the manuscript. Acknowledgement Initial findings from this work were previously presented at the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 31st August – 3rd September 2025. Sub-analysis of initial findings relevant to the UK were also previously presented at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society Conference, London, UK, 7th November 2025.We acknowledge the support and advice from members of the UK Health Security Agency Knowledge and Library Services.Tracey Thornley would like to acknowledge her additional affiliation with the UK Health Security Agency, London (United Kingdom) as scientific advisor. Diane Ashiru-Oredope would like to acknowledge her additional affiliation with the University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom) as Honorary Professor. References International Pharmaceutical Federation. Pharmaceutical workforce and emergency preparedness. 2020. Available from: www.fip.orgAccessed22/12/25 ​2. World Health Organization. Disease Outbreaks. 2025. Available from: https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/emergencies/disease-outbreaks Accessed 22/12/25 ​3. World Health Organization. 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Supplementary Files Additionalinformationpharmacyrolesinoutbreaksv3.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 06 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 24 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 22 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 22 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 20 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8925368","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":602697106,"identity":"56608389-e3ee-43a9-9e62-e5012b1a403f","order_by":0,"name":"Rachel Berry","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UK Health Security Agency","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rachel","middleName":"","lastName":"Berry","suffix":""},{"id":602697107,"identity":"b00da59f-fbc8-4382-986d-773640228a54","order_by":1,"name":"Anna Wilkinson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UK Health Security Agency","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anna","middleName":"","lastName":"Wilkinson","suffix":""},{"id":602697108,"identity":"53167ad3-9099-4970-9ee5-ada8c9bd8035","order_by":2,"name":"Aliya Turk","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UK Health Security Agency","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aliya","middleName":"","lastName":"Turk","suffix":""},{"id":602697111,"identity":"f4bef616-947b-4b85-91a7-26ef5091ccab","order_by":3,"name":"Bee Yean Ng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"UK Health Security Agency","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bee","middleName":"Yean","lastName":"Ng","suffix":""},{"id":602697112,"identity":"13274e4a-88ae-404f-92e3-9670f671a78d","order_by":4,"name":"Sadie Pinkney","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of 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Agency","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Diane","middleName":"","lastName":"Ashiru-Oredope","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-20 11:24:39","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104409257,"identity":"f6afe109-f009-423f-a66a-16d1287fbb78","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:44:33","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":13198,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePRISMA flowchart of included articles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/043d05991638d51946cedd09.png"},{"id":104409223,"identity":"b668361c-a6e1-403b-8779-79ab6087193c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:44:22","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":7244,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRoles by cycle stage and intervention level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/fd387e4e8ec00755f8ccd7ee.png"},{"id":104409236,"identity":"0ccc9089-2820-4777-afa7-1b29f21aad63","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:44:25","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":9433,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeatmap of themes by stage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/8595c9a87b491d6a990d3d11.png"},{"id":104408862,"identity":"f510a93c-42da-463b-9019-4d9fbd1459a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:43:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":7287,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSub-analysis of roles by country\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/13a92b0f305bfd27c76abcd9.png"},{"id":104414956,"identity":"12379c55-6116-43dd-831d-01b170c00807","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 13:08:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1930259,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/d483c248-00f1-4fe0-9d20-695c659fa8c5.pdf"},{"id":104409472,"identity":"3a713957-1f3a-4ad7-b54f-b9b656e9ad55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-11 12:45:15","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":678968,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Additionalinformationpharmacyrolesinoutbreaksv3.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8925368/v1/fb46b293335878edf63658e6.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The role of pharmacists and pharmacy team members in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of outbreaks – a global rapid systematic review","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePharmacists are trained healthcare professionals who ensure the responsible use of medicines across healthcare, including in sectors such as community, hospital, industrial, academic, and emergency services. Working with their team members (including registered/regulated pharmacy technicians) they contribute to the safety, quality, and efficiency of health systems (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines a disease outbreak as the occurrence of disease cases exceeding normal expectancy and notes that outbreaks may be caused by infections, chemicals, or radioactive materials (2). WHO outlines a comprehensive emergency management cycle consisting of four interconnected phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn many countries, pharmacists possess public health skills that support their contribution to health protection activities (including those relating to outbreaks) at micro- (individual or patient-facing), meso- (regional or organisational) or macro- (national) levels (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMicro-level\u003c/b\u003e: Direct patient-facing services like health promotion, screenings, and medication advice, and personal level activity such as self-education and maintaining competence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMeso-level\u003c/b\u003e: Organisational or community-level interventions such as health fairs, chronic disease programs, and collaboration with community groups, and organisational activities such as supporting personnel planning and education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMacro-level\u003c/b\u003e: Policy and system-level roles including national strategy development, commissioning services, and influencing public health policy, or activities undertaken at national level such as coordinating work or being part of national multi-disciplinary (MDT) teams.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational guidance focusing on emergency preparedness and pharmaceutical workforce development is available (5). This emphasises the importance of integrating pharmacists and pharmacy teams into national outbreak response plans to strengthen resilience and improve health outcomes internationally.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe COVID‑19 pandemic elevated the visibility and scope of pharmacy roles in outbreak prevention and control, including evidence of expanded roles such as teleconsultations, home delivery of medications, enhanced patient education, and hygiene protocols (6) and contributions to antibiotic stewardship such as guiding rational antimicrobial use and combating misinformation (7). Frameworks emphasize the importance of integrating pharmacists into all stages of outbreak management (8), yet systematic reviews of their roles in outbreaks of other infectious diseases such as Ebola, influenza, and cholera are lacking (9), suggesting that participation in other outbreak contexts remains under-reviewed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rapid systematic review aimed to identify pharmacists and pharmacy team members' contributions to non-COVID outbreaks and to classify these roles according to the WHO emergency cycle(3) and level of intervention (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The secondary outcome was to identify any contributions to addressing health inequalities and barriers to these roles, services or activities.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines(10) with adaptations for a rapid review due to a requirement for prompt information to support timely policy development and resource limitations as per published recommendations (11,12). These included restriction of the publication period to after 2014 to ensure current relevancy, limiting dual screening and extraction to 10% of included articles, and exclusion of grey literature and articles not accessible through institutional subscriptions of the project group. For the PRISMA checklist see Additional Information Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e; recommendations by Stevens et al(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e) were also followed for reporting of a rapid systematic review. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024617152).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSearch strategy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA systematic literature search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus in February 2025. The search strategy was developed and refined by the authors (R.B., A.W., A.T., A.E., T.T., and D.A.O.) with advice from UK Health Security Agency Knowledge and Evidence specialists. The search focused on studies describing roles or services provided by pharmacists or pharmacy team members in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19) in all settings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eArticles from all publication types (including peer reviewed articles, opinion pieces, letter, abstracts and posters for conferences) published between 2014 and February 2025 in any language describing roles of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, pharmacy students or other pharmacy team members in non-COVID outbreaks (including pharmacy services/settings) were included. Articles discussing roles of non-pharmacy team members, staff or healthcare professionals, or solely discussing COVID 19 or outbreaks or epidemics not included within WHO definition e.g. obesity, opioid use were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA summary of the search strategy is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e (for detailed search strategy see Additional Information Table S2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash; Summary search strategy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy professional\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAND\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutbreaks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNOT\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCOVID or other\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacists\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease Outbreaks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecovid*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy technicians\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEpidemics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecorona*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epandemic preparedness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eobesity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy students\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebiohazard release\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eopioid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacy residencies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echemical hazard release\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eclinical pharmacist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eradioactive hazard release\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehospital pharmacist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecommunity pharmacist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSTD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthrax\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunity pharmacy services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003einfluenza, human\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacy service, hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChikungunya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmaceutical services, online\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCholera\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmaceutical services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eschools, pharmacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacy research\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiphtheria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacy practice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEbola\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epharmacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHepatitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluenza\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeningitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlague\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoliomyelitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRift valley fever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSevere acute respiratory syndrome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTyphoid fever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eViral haemorrhagic fevers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow fever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZika virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003empox\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eresistant infection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eScreening\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll identified articles were imported into Rayyan\u0026trade; and duplicates were removed. Initially, all reviewers screened the first 10 records to refine inclusion criteria and ensure consistency. Thereafter, each article was screened by one of the reviewers (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) with 10% reviewed by a second reviewer (10% randomly assigned by Rayyan\u0026trade;). Discrepancies were resolved by consensus through discussion or by a third reviewer (DAO) whose decision was final; full text was accessed if needed. Rayyan\u0026trade; was used to track inclusion/exclusion decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData extraction\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA standardised data extraction tool was designed with specified column headings using Microsoft Excel\u0026trade;. Each article was extracted by one of the reviewers (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) and 10% reviewed in duplicate (every 10th article when alphabetical by author). All discrepancies were resolved by consensus through discussion.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtracted data included:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy characteristics (country, outbreak type, pharmacy team member discussed, setting)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoles identified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eAny discussion relating to health inequalities or barriers to role delivery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRisk of bias assessment (dup: abstract ?)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRisk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT)(14) and relevant tools from JBI (15). Each article was reviewed by one reviewer (R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H.) with 10% reviewed by a second (the 10th article when ordered alphabetically by author, starting at the fifth article). No discrepancies were identified.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData synthesis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity in article type, study design, setting and roles identified.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe primary aim was to collate roles of pharmacists or pharmacy team members in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19). After data extraction the focus of the roles was ascertained. These were then analysed using thematic coding involving identification of recurring concepts or keywords from the original texts, consolidating conceptually similar roles even if described differently. The roles were subsequently categorised by level (micro-, meso- or macro- level) and stage of the emergency cycle (preparedness, prevention, recovery or response). Thematic coding was carried out by one lead author with clinical expertise (R.B.) with 10% double checked by a second author (B.H.).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSub-group analysis was conducted to ascertain whether the service or role was carried out in a high-income country (HIC) or low/middle income country (LMIC) as defined by the World Bank (16) (articles with multiple countries were excluded), by pharmacy team member involved, and by outbreak type (infectious disease compared to others such as food or water contamination, bioterrorism or poisonings). The thematic organisation, filtering, and mapping processes were conducted using Microsoft Excel\u0026trade;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe secondary outcome was to identify any contributions to addressing health inequalities and barriers to these roles, services or activities; where these were discussed within a paper the key themes were extracted and thematically coded to provide an overview of key learning.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe searches returned 1,824 records. After removing duplicates, 1,489 papers were screened on title and abstract. Of these 1,241 were excluded leaving 248 for full article screening. Of these, 32 could not be retrieved (see Additional Information Table S3), and a further 55 were excluded because they met the exclusion criteria, leaving 161 eligible articles (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCharacteristics of the identified articles\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA summary of article characteristics is provided in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. For the full extraction table see Additional Information Table S4.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash; Summary of characteristics of included articles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of articles\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e% (Total\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;161)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWorld Health Organization Region\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegion of the Americas\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (37.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u0026ndash;76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEuropean Region\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (18.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u0026ndash;105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWestern Pacific\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (11.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106\u0026ndash;123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple countries included\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e124\u0026ndash;141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEastern Mediterranean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u0026ndash;158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfrican Region\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159\u0026ndash;169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth-East Asia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170\u0026ndash;177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOutbreak Type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot specific - pandemic, epidemic etc\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 (16.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30,31,40,52,59,73,84,85,89,92,97,102,105,107,115,126, 129,130,134,137,139,141,146,158,161,170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfluenza\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (14.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19,32,37,46,61,62,68\u0026ndash;70,72,77,81,86,91,98,100,109, 111,113,114,116,125,152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot specific - infectious diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 (10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29,35,47,50,83,87,101,103,104,106,108,110,117,127,131,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e160,177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEbola virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (8.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33,41,71,76,80,128,132,133,138,163\u0026ndash;167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMpox or Monkeypox\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (8.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26,38,55,58,121,145,147,150,151,153\u0026ndash;157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContamination of pharmaceutical product\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (8.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17,36,45,48,51,54,57,63,66,78,95,124,169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20,21,24,39,49,56,67,88,90,118,162,168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoisoning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34,60,82,142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZika\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (2.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23,74,75,119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood or water contamination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79,123,144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeasles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42,44,65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTuberculosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120,140,176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBiohazard\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClostridium difficile\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43,96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiphtheria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159,175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C (HVC)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27,28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntimicrobial resistance (AMR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCholera\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDengue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnterovirus D68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeadlice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImpetigo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMulti-drug resistant organism outbreak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMumps\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaediatric diarrhoeal disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePertussis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiratory Syncytial Virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRubella\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScabies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmallpox\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJob Title\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92 (57.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18,22,23,25,27\u0026ndash;29,31,34,37\u0026ndash;40,42\u0026ndash;45,49\u0026ndash;55,57,59\u0026ndash;62,65,67, 69,70,74\u0026ndash;79,82,84,86\u0026ndash;89,91,93,94,96,98,99,104\u0026ndash;107,115,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e116,118\u0026ndash;120,122,127,129,130,132,134\u0026ndash;137,139,140,143\u0026ndash;147,151,153,155\u0026ndash;158,160,162,164\u0026ndash;167,172,175\u0026ndash;177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (31.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17,19\u0026ndash;21,24,33,41,46,48,56,58,63,64,66,71,72,80,81,83,85, 90,92,95,97,100\u0026ndash;103,108\u0026ndash;114,117,124,125,128,131,138, 142,152,159,168\u0026ndash;171,173,174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple pharmacy team members\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (6.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30,32,35,36,68,73,123,126,133,149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy student\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26,47,121,148,150,154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy technician\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy dispenser\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy school faculty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSetting\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRetail/ community\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66 (41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;21,24,26\u0026ndash;29,32,37,44,59,61,62,64,65,67\u0026ndash;70,73,79\u0026ndash;81,84,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e86,88\u0026ndash;93,98\u0026ndash;105,107\u0026ndash;110,113,115\u0026ndash;120,125,129,130,135, 136,139,140,145,152,158,159,162,171,174,175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30 (18.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22,30,33,34,40\u0026ndash;43,52,53,55,58,60,72,76,78,95,96,112,122, 127,132,138,142,143,156,164,169,170,173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot specified\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (14.9%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18,23,25,31,49,56,71,77,82,87,114,126,137,144,146,147, 153\u0026ndash;155,160,163,166,167,177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple settings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17,35,74,94,97,123,133,134,149,151,157,176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompounding pharmacy or centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (5.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36,45,48,51,54,57,63,66,124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (3.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38,75,85,161,168,172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigher Education Institutions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (3.1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47,121,141,148,150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndustry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111,128,131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong term care setting\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic health workforce\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50,106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrisons\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch pharmacy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0.6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the 161 included articles, 43 individual countries were discussed. The most frequently represented countries were the United States of America (57/161, 35.4%) (17\u0026ndash;73), China (9/161, 5.6%) (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR107 CR108 CR109 CR110 CR111 CR112 CR113\" citationid=\"CR55\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e106\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR63\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e114\u003c/span\u003e), Saudi Arabia (6/161, 3.7%) (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR143 CR144 CR145 CR146\" citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e142\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR96\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e147\u003c/span\u003e), France (5/161, 3.1%) (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR78 CR79 CR80\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e77\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e81\u003c/span\u003e), and Spain (5/161, 3.1%) (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR83 CR84 CR85\" citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e82\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e86\u003c/span\u003e). 18 articles discussed multiple countries (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR125 CR126 CR127 CR128 CR129 CR130 CR131 CR132 CR133 CR134 CR135 CR136 CR137 CR138 CR139 CR140\" citationid=\"CR73\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e124\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR90\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e141\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eRisk of bias assessment\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, the included studies were of moderate quality, as only 65 of the included studies (40.4%) fulfilled 100% of the relevant assessment criteria, 35 studies (21.7%) fulfilled between 75 and 99%, and 31 fulfilled between 50 and 74% (19.3%). A number fulfilled less than 50% (30/161, 18.6%) and ten studies were excluded from Risk of Bias assessment as they were conference abstracts or protocols. For full Risk of Bias assessment see Additional Information Table S5.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRoles of pharmacy professionals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 145 roles for pharmacists and pharmacy team members in non-COVID 19 outbreaks were identified (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash; Roles identified, by stage of cycle, level of intervention and country.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicro\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMeso\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacro\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency Planning Cycle Stage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple countries\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple countries\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMIC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple countries\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreparedness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of managing outbreaks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProvide education for pharmacy professionals in organisation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of legislation to support national emergency planning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndertake self-education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBusiness continuity planning to allow continuation of pharmacy services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of national emergency plans\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintain professional competence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of organisational emergency planning guidance and policies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntegration of pharmacies into national emergency planning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of how to report key diseases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of organisational treatment policy or guidance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvocate/lobby for better national public health measures\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolvement in emergency planning at organisational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncrease awareness of national opportunities for pharmacy professionals in public health roles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake part in organisational preparedness simulations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart of Multi-disciplinary Team that leads on national preparedness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsider the use of novel solutions to provide usual pharmacy services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEncourage national partnerships with pharmaceutical companies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStock management and distribution of treatments, preventative measures or consumables \u0026ndash; organisation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease surveillance - evaluation of national surveillance systems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease surveillance - use of pharmacy medicines sale data for early outbreak detection, recognition and reporting of unusual medication requests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrevention\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of vaccination policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of vaccination policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine development and production - national\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccination of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine production - organisational\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine distribution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDispensing of vaccines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine clinical trials - organisational involvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational education for pharmacy professionals about vaccination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing vaccination status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVaccine distribution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational vaccination programme planning and implementation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic education about vaccination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganisational involvement in national vaccination program\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvocate/lobby for access to vaccination - sharing with other countries, unregistered patient access\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient education or counselling about vaccination, including reducing misinformation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognition and assessment of high-risk patients requiring vaccination - liaison with local schools\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality assurance of new vaccines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognition and assessment of high-risk patients requiring vaccination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGet recommended vaccinations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational public health program planning and implementation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of Infection, Prevention, and Control policy, guidance or recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport Infection, Prevention, and Control in care homes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport national antimicrobial stewardship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow Infection, Prevention, and Control recommendations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart of Infection, Prevention, and Control Multi-disciplinary Team\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNational education for Health Care Workers about antimicrobial stewardship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic education about prevention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport organisational antimicrobial stewardship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient education or counselling about prevention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduction of preventative measures - alcohol based hand sanitiser\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport patient level antimicrobial stewardship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducate Health Care Workers on how to produce preventative measures - alcohol based hand sanitiser\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducate Health Care Workers about antimicrobial stewardship\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of aseptic policy or guidance for pharmaceutical products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupply preventative medicines or measures to patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow aseptic policy or guidance when making up pharmaceutical products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreventative medicine adherence support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow aseptic policy or guidance when making up pharmaceutical products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResponse\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge about the disease/outbreak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeam spirit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeadership role at national level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge about Health Technology Appraisals\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeadership role at organisational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport Health Care Worker and pharmacist education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndertake self-education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnable expanded job roles at organisational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvocate/lobby for patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndertake expanded job roles\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonnel management\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonnel management\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonal composure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport organisational or regional outbreak management\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of national treatment policy, recommendations or guidance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespond to outbreak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease surveillance - use of pharmacy data\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelop, review or update legislation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisease surveillance - reporting of cases\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChanges in ways of working to manage demand\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistics and distribution of medicines or consumables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst point of patient contact\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelopment of organisational policy or guidance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManage medicine and consumable supply issues\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProvide First Aid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintain organisational compliance with legislation, policy, recommendation or guidance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManagement of national drug costs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSymptom recognition and diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStock management of medicines and consumables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart of national Multi-disciplinary Team for outbreak response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriage and appropriate referral of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLogistics and distribution of medicines or consumables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollaboration with others working at national level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient education and advice (including via digital platforms)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManage medicine and consumable supply issues\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication with others working at national level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoint-of-care testing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevent hoarding or diversion of medicines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDevelop national public education resources and campaigns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical care of patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart of outbreak response Multi-Disciplinary Team\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical industry role in developing treatments\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupply of treatment to patients (Sales or dispensing)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollaboration with others working at regional or organisational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvocate/lobby for research and clinical trials\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFollow treatment guidance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication with others working at regional or organisational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials - design and implementation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdherence support for treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolvement in public health campaigns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality assurance of new products\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaintain accurate and complete patient records.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials - organisational involvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical product source identification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvolvement in patient identification, notification, and contract tracing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch - organisational involvement\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical management of long-term conditions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClinical trials - changes in ways of working\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinued supply of medicines for long-term conditions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmaceutical product source identification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStay within law for supply of medicines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecall of contaminated pharmaceutical product\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eManage supply issues and medicines shortages\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic education (including via digital platforms) to reduce misinformation panic and fear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducate Health Care Workers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContribute to clinical trials and research\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupply of investigational medicines to patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRecovery\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-reflection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePost learning analysis and sharing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview and update national protocol, policies, and guidelines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContribution to post learning analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview and update organisational protocol, policies, and guidelines\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview legislation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong-term follow up and management of lasting effects of outbreak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResumption of usual activity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReview partnership and joint working to inform future response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiaise with wider stakeholders regarding recovery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollaborate on national reports about learning from outbreaks\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelocate personnel and equipment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShut down temporary premises\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eForecasting organisational recovery needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese roles ranged across the stages of the WHO emergency cycle and the level of intervention (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe roles were delivered within five main themes of activity and spread across the stages of the emergency cycle (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSub-analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen analysed by country, a broader range of roles were identified in high-income countries (HICs) compared to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) (93 versus 65) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDue to the limited number of articles addressing outbreaks related to food or water contamination, poisonings, or biohazards (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10), sub-analysis was not feasible. Similarly, sub-analysis by pharmacy team member could not be performed because of insufficient data for non-pharmacists (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSecondary outcomes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eImpact on health inequalities\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eApproximately a third of articles discussed the impact on inequalities (55/161, 34%) (19,20,26\u0026ndash;31,34,38,42,44,46,53,55,58\u0026ndash;60,62,67,68,79,81,83,88\u0026ndash;93,97,101,105,107, 110,113,129,130,132,134,135,137\u0026ndash;140,142,153,155,158,159,164,165,171,175,176).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSix key themes related to addressing health inequalities were identified:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncreasing accessibility to vaccinations \u0026ndash; Support for vaccination efforts in rural, remote, and underserved areas, as well as among refugees, displaced individuals, and residents of long-term care facilities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eReducing inequity in healthcare provision \u0026ndash; Contributions through frontline services in underserved settings, extended hours and improved accessibility.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eNovel solutions to reduce inequities \u0026ndash; Strategies included virtual clinical trial systems, telephone clinics for follow-up, innovative medicine supply chains, and community pharmacy-based prevention and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupporting vulnerable patient groups \u0026ndash; Interventions targeted homeless individuals, people who inject drugs (PWID), long-term care patients, and those facing gender disparities or stigma, including individuals with HIV and men who have sex with men.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTargeted messaging to high-risk populations \u0026ndash; Engagement in tailored communication for \u0026ldquo;unreached\u0026rdquo; groups, preventative advice, and collaboration with local communities for targeted messaging.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eManaging cultural differences and sensitivities \u0026ndash; Activities included culturally appropriate messaging, addressing religious restrictions and beliefs, and working with community and faith groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBarriers to roles\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBarriers to roles were discussed in nearly two thirds of the articles (100/161, 62.1%) (19,20, 24,26\u0026ndash;28,30,32,35,37,39,40,42\u0026ndash;44,46,47,49\u0026ndash;56,58\u0026ndash;60,62,64,65,67\u0026ndash;69,73,75,76,78, 79,81,85,88\u0026ndash;91,93\u0026ndash;96,103,106,107,110\u0026ndash;115,117\u0026ndash;125,127,132,133\u0026ndash;136,138,140,142\u0026ndash;145,147\u0026ndash;158,160\u0026ndash;162,164,165,171,172,174,176). These barriers were grouped within five key themes;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge and training gaps included limited understanding of disease transmission, prevention, and vaccination, as well as insufficient formal training in emergency preparedness and public health roles.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegulatory and policy barriers included restrictive vaccination authority, unclear liability frameworks, and lack of formal agreements for pharmacy organisations or pharmacy professionals' involvement in emergency planning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eResource and infrastructure constraints such as workforce shortages, supply chain disruptions, inadequate physical space, and financial limitations were frequently reported.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCommunication and coordination issues involved poor integration with public health systems, unclear roles, and underutilisation of pharmacy data for surveillance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, cultural and social factors included public distrust, misinformation, stigma toward vulnerable populations, and inter-professional tensions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis rapid review based on literature across all WHO regions identified 145 roles for pharmacists and their teams in non-COVID outbreaks across five key themes (policy, education, supply chain, clinical, and research). These roles spanned all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and were carried out at all levels of intervention, however lower numbers of roles were identified within the recovery stage, and at macro-level.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost of the roles identified in this review were within the response phase of the emergency cycle which aligns to the international recommendations which prioritise pharmacy contributions to emergency response through supply chain management, triage support, and collaboration with public health teams (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The prevention stage emerged as the second most frequently reported area of pharmacy team involvement, reflecting roles in vaccination campaigns (18,19,26,29,31,32,35,44,46, 59,62,64,65,68,70,73,81,89\u0026ndash;94,101,125,136,145,153,159,175), antimicrobial stewardship (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e89\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR78\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e129\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR98\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e149\u003c/span\u003e), and public education aimed at reducing transmission (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e85\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR94\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e145\u003c/span\u003e). There were fewer roles identified in the preparedness and recovery stages. This could indicate that the expertise of pharmacy professionals is being underutilised in these stages. It could also suggest a possible research gap: while there is evidence that pharmacy teams engage in preparedness activities (24,35,37, 40,47,50,52,72,79,83,84,86,87,94,97,98,100,103,108\u0026ndash;110,117,126,129,133,134,142, 146,150,152,161,174,177) and post-outbreak rehabilitation (34,39,41,49,50,60,116, 126,129,130,142,146,177) these efforts are underrepresented in published work. Addressing this gap is essential to fully capture the scope of pharmacy practice in outbreak resilience and to inform policy frameworks that integrate pharmacy professionals across all phases of emergency planning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost of the roles identified took place at the meso- (organisational/regional) level. This finding is somewhat unexpected, as previous literature suggests that micro-level pharmaceutical public health roles such as direct patient care are typically more prevalent (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). One possible explanation is that nearly a third of the included articles did not specify the individual's role but instead described the setting, such as the role of a hospital pharmacy within a hospital organisation responding to an outbreak (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). There is a clear need to distinguish the roles of pharmacists and pharmacy team members from those of their organisations to better demonstrate the unique contribution that they make within wider public health contexts and to understand the roles of different pharmacy team members within multidisciplinary teams. This is particularly important at a time when roles are evolving, especially with the expansion of responsibilities for pharmacy technicians in some countries (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR179 CR180\" citationid=\"CR127\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e178\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR130\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e181\u003c/span\u003e). Notably, this current review identified only nine articles that focused exclusively on roles for pharmacy team members other than pharmacists (26,47,121,141,148,150, 154,161,163). This highlights a pressing need for further research and policy development to support the recognition and advancement of these team members, ensuring that the full potential of the pharmacy workforce is leveraged in outbreak management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the high overall number of meso-level roles, there was a predominance towards high numbers of micro-level roles within the response and prevention stages, and within the clinical theme. This demonstrates the patient-focused nature of the work undertaken by most pharmacy professionals but reflects a narrow scope compared to the broader potential of pharmacy in public health. Previous work on pharmaceutical public health has demonstrated a need to expand pharmacy involvement beyond micro-level interventions to strengthen health system resilience (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e); this current review supports the recommendations made previously, which include developing specialist public health career pathways, integrating pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams at all levels, and increasing access to public health training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMacro-level roles, including policy development, advocacy, and participation in national outbreak planning, were less commonly documented. This imbalance may be due to limited publication of strategic and system-level activities or under-recognition of pharmacists\u0026rsquo; contributions beyond direct patient care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBy Country Income\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis review found that in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), pharmaceutical public health roles tended to be concentrated at the micro-level, with a strong emphasis on patient-centred care, such as medicines and preventative treatment supply (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e94\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR109\" citationid=\"CR57\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e108\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e110\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR69\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e120\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR71\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e122\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR101\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e152\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR107\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e158\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR111\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e162\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e164\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR117\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e168\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR123\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e174\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR125\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e176\u003c/span\u003e), patient counselling on treatments (74,94,118,151,156,162,171,175) and basic infection prevention measures (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR61\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e112\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR97\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e148\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR102\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e153\u003c/span\u003e). This reflects the accessibility of pharmacies as a first point of contact for many communities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR131\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e182\u003c/span\u003e). However, given that these settings often experience greater vulnerability to outbreaks and may have limited healthcare infrastructure (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR132\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e183\u003c/span\u003e), the potential contribution of pharmacy professionals to system-level preparedness and coordinated response appears underutilised. This disparity underscores the need for capacity building, policy integration, and resource allocation in LMICs to enable pharmacists to contribute effectively across the full spectrum of emergency management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSecondary outcomes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvidence from this review demonstrates that the roles of pharmacists and pharmacy teams in non-COVID outbreaks contribute to reducing health inequalities. Increased access to treatment, advice, and vaccinations highlights pharmacists and their teams as highly accessible healthcare providers (26,29,31,46,58,62,68,79,81,91\u0026ndash;93,101, 107,129,130,159,171). They are also capable of delivering targeted interventions to high-risk, vulnerable, and hard-to-reach populations (19,20,38,42,44,53,55,59,60,89, 134,135,153,175). The use of innovative solutions can further mitigate the impact of outbreaks on the most disadvantaged groups and improves access to essential care (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e97\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR88\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e139\u003c/span\u003e). Inclusivity and cultural sensitivity emerged as key aspects, underscoring the importance of ensuring pharmacy professionals are well-informed, culturally competent, and equipped to reduce stigma while engaging marginalised communities effectively (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR91\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e142\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR102\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e153\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR104\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e155\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe barriers identified in this review highlight cross-cutting barriers\u0026mdash;such as regulatory constraints, training alignment, infrastructure gaps, and information-sharing limitations\u0026mdash;that reflect broader health system design issues rather than profession-specific challenges. Addressing these barriers will have important implications for effective emergency preparedness, workforce planning, and equity-oriented public health policy well beyond pharmacy practice alone. Targeted health policy and management interventions could strengthen pharmacy contributions during public health emergencies; leveraging health systems to enable an expanded remit for pharmacy professionals (26,35,126,146), improving integration of pharmacy into the emergency preparedness and public health planning at national and international levels (44,49,53), and ensuring sustainable funding mechanisms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e85\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR113\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e164\u003c/span\u003e) could significantly improve public health in response to outbreaks and reduce inequalities. Multidisciplinary integration could strengthen system resilience, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where workforce flexibility, task-shifting, and community reach are critical. In addition, embedding comprehensive education and training throughout the pharmacy career pathway will be essential to equip pharmacists with the knowledge and confidence required (27,37,47,55,94,122,147,150).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis rapid review prioritised timeliness over comprehensiveness. To ensure current relevance, only peer-reviewed publications from 2014 onward were included; grey literature was excluded, along with articles (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;32) that could not be retrieved (see Additional Information Table S3). A rapid review was deemed appropriate because providing a timely overview of pharmacy professionals\u0026rsquo; roles in outbreaks to inform policy development was considered more important than achieving exhaustive coverage. Nonetheless, it remains possible that some roles may have been missed, although the repeated description of similar roles across studies suggests that saturation was likely achieved.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe quality of the included studies were assessed as moderate. However, given that the primary objective of this review was to identify the roles of pharmacy professionals in non-COVID outbreaks rather than to evaluate the outcomes reported, the methodological quality of individual studies is considered to pose a low risk to the validity of the review\u0026rsquo;s conclusions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also acknowledge limitations in the classification approach used. Some roles naturally span multiple stages of the emergency cycle, for example, increasing vaccination programs in response to an outbreak also contributes to preparedness for future events. Similarly, proactive development of guidance was considered a preparedness activity, yet often would require adaptation during response and updating during recovery, reflecting the cyclical nature of emergency management. While roles were assigned based on descriptions in the original papers, this inherent overlap and fluidity between stages may have influenced categorisation. Thematic assignment of the impact on inequalities and barriers could also have been misinterpreted. These limitations were mitigated through second checking of 10% of the thematic assignment, however may not have been fully resolved.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePolicy Implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings of this review highlight some key implications for national and international policy makers, and pharmacy professional bodies. They also give additional support to existing recommendations from WHO.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the national level, health authorities should integrate pharmacy roles into emergency preparedness and response frameworks, supported by regulatory reform to expand scope of practice where needed to enable pharmacy teams to deliver vaccinations, manage emergency medicines, and participate in robust surveillance measures (8,184,185).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternationally, collaboration between governments, global health organisations, and professional bodies is critical to harmonise standards, share best practices, and strengthen capacity in low- and middle-income countries (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR135\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e186\u003c/span\u003e). Embedding comprehensive education and training throughout pharmacy career pathways will ensure pharmacists are equipped for outbreak management and public health leadership (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR136\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e187\u003c/span\u003e). Leveraging this expertise will enhance preparedness, optimise patient outcomes, and reduce the disproportionate impact of future outbreaks on vulnerable populations worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePharmacy professional bodies should lead efforts to embed outbreak management and public health competencies into education and training pathways, advocate for policy changes that recognise advanced pharmacy roles in outbreak management and public health and develop evidence-based guidance to support integration of pharmacy professionals across all stages of the emergency cycle (8). In addition, professional bodies should champion public and patient advocacy campaigns to raise awareness of the full scope of pharmacy services during outbreaks, ensuring communities understand how pharmacists can support prevention, treatment, and recovery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePharmacy team members have key roles during non-COVID outbreaks across all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and at all levels. However, their expertise remains underutilised in recovery, and macro-level interventions. Integrating pharmacy roles into emergency frameworks, supported by regulatory reform, sustainable funding, and training, is essential to strengthen health system resilience.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":" \u003cp\u003eAMR Antimicrobial Resistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHCW Healthcare worker\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIC High-income country\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHIV Human immunodeficiency virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHCV Hepatitis C virus\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIPC Infection prevention and control\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLMIC Low or middle income country\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMDT Multi-disciplinary team\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMMAT Mixed method appraisal tool\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOTC Over the counter\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePREP Pre-exposure prophylaxis\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePWID People who inject drugs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWHO World Health Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis work was conducted as part of UK Health Security Agency activities. No additional funding was used.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eD.A.O and R.B conceptualised the study. R.B., A.W., A.T., A.E., T.T., and D.A.O. designed the study protocol including search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. R.B. conducted the searches, with support from D.A.O, and advice on search terms from the UKHSA Knowledge and Library Services. R.B., A.W., A.T., B.Y.N., S.P., and B.H., screened the studies, extracted the data and conducted the risk of bias assessment. R.B. and B.H. synthesised the results. R.B. wrote the original draft manuscript with input from A.T, T.T. and D.A.O. All authors edited and reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInitial findings from this work were previously presented at the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) International Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, 31st August \u0026ndash; 3rd September 2025. Sub-analysis of initial findings relevant to the UK were also previously presented at the Royal Pharmaceutical Society Conference, London, UK, 7th November 2025.We acknowledge the support and advice from members of the UK Health Security Agency Knowledge and Library Services.Tracey Thornley would like to acknowledge her additional affiliation with the UK Health Security Agency, London (United Kingdom) as scientific advisor. Diane Ashiru-Oredope would like to acknowledge her additional affiliation with the University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom) as Honorary Professor.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eInternational Pharmaceutical Federation. Pharmaceutical workforce and emergency preparedness. 2020. Available from: www.fip.orgAccessed22/12/25 ​2. World Health Organization. Disease Outbreaks. 2025. 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Available from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA78/A78_9-en.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA78/A78_9-en.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e Accessed 3/1/26.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWorld Health Organization. (2024). WHO implementation guidance on emergencies capacity-building: approaches for just-in-time learning response to health emergencies. Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.who.int/publications/b/74572\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.who.int/publications/b/74572\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e Accessed 3/1/26.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePharmacists and their teams can undertake pharmaceutical public health roles during outbreaks within the World Health Organization (WHO) emergency cycle of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. These may be at micro- (individual), meso- (regional or organisational) or macro- (national) levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome was to identify pharmacy team members' roles in outbreaks (excluding COVID-19) and classifying these within the WHO emergency cycle and intervention level.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe conducted a rapid systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024617152) in Embase, Medline, and SCOPUS databases including articles published from 2014 to Feb 2025. \u0026nbsp;After duplicate removal, titles/abstracts and full texts were screened, extracted and assessed for bias by one reviewer, with 10% second-checked. Thematic synthesis was used and described narratively to reflect variability in the studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom 161 articles across all WHO regions, 145 distinct roles were identified. Most were in the response stage (46%), followed by prevention (29%), preparedness (15%), and recovery (10%). Roles were primarily at meso-level (37%) and micro-level (35%), with fewer at macro-level (28%). About 34% of articles reported contributions to reducing health inequalities. Reported barriers were clustered into five themes: knowledge/training gaps, regulatory restrictions, resource and infrastructure constraints, communication issues, and cultural factors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePharmacy team members have key roles during non-COVID outbreaks across all stages of the WHO emergency cycle and at all levels. However, their expertise remains underutilised in recovery, and macro-level interventions. Integrating pharmacy roles into emergency frameworks, supported by regulatory reform, sustainable funding, and training, is essential to strengthen health system resilience.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The role of pharmacists and pharmacy team members in the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery of outbreaks – a global rapid systematic review","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-09 20:59:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8925368/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-15T04:20:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-10T01:55:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-07T14:00:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-06T15:28:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"258634977742005009362030853752001894133","date":"2026-04-01T01:55:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"144768544466635745446744631953318186598","date":"2026-03-31T21:01:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"308891217544904841664682396256090872293","date":"2026-03-30T14:20:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-04T09:42:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-24T05:39:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-02-23T03:30:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-23T03:29:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2026-02-20T11:09:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"acdc3f53-abe1-4d3b-88b1-8bfbcf6a9559","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 9th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-13T09:10:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-09 20:59:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8925368","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8925368","identity":"rs-8925368","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}