Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Bombax ceiba Gum Powder for Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications

Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Bombax ceiba Gum Powder for Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Bombax ceiba Gum Powder for Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications Nikita Bhadri, Ashwini Kumar, Sunil Kumar Suman, Virendra Shukla, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7564826/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The current study examines the extraction and analysis of gum powder derived from the bark of Bombax ceiba (Semal) to assess its feasibility as a biocompatible polymer for use in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. A brown, water-soluble gum powder was successfully obtained with a yield of 18.75 ± 1.08%. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The gum powder demonstrated favourable flow characteristics, with a Carr’s index of 12.46 ± 0.001% and a Hausner’s ratio of 1.14 ± 0.001. Its solubility and swelling capacity were found to be 71.33 ± 0.001% and 3.88 ± 0.012 g/g, respectively. Structural and elemental investigations conducted through FTIR, EDX, and XRD validated its functional groups, elemental composition, and amorphous nature, reinforcing its hydration capability. In vitro biocompatibility tests revealed excellent hemocompatibility (< 2% haemolysis), a non-thrombogenic profile (clot weight: 0.047 g), high cytocompatibility with a cell viability of 121% in human liver cells compared to untreated control after 48 hours & high neurogenetic potential with average neurite length of 84.84 ± 27.1 µm after 48 hrs. These findings indicate that the extracted gum powder possesses considerable potential as a natural, biocompatible polymer applicable in development of biomaterials, gelling agents, and pharmaceutical excipients. Bombax ceiba Biomedical Phytochemical Biomaterials and Pharmaceutical excipients Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7564826","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":514632149,"identity":"c978da02-1571-45ab-87ae-fc6845ebe029","order_by":0,"name":"Nikita Bhadri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nikita","middleName":"","lastName":"Bhadri","suffix":""},{"id":514632150,"identity":"b736d40d-c4e2-42cc-8445-a89dcde4ae20","order_by":1,"name":"Ashwini Kumar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sharda 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A brown, water-soluble gum powder was successfully obtained with a yield of 18.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.08%. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The gum powder demonstrated favourable flow characteristics, with a Carr\u0026rsquo;s index of 12.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001% and a Hausner\u0026rsquo;s ratio of 1.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001. Its solubility and swelling capacity were found to be 71.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001% and 3.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012 g/g, respectively. Structural and elemental investigations conducted through FTIR, EDX, and XRD validated its functional groups, elemental composition, and amorphous nature, reinforcing its hydration capability. In vitro biocompatibility tests revealed excellent hemocompatibility (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2% haemolysis), a non-thrombogenic profile (clot weight: 0.047 g), high cytocompatibility with a cell viability of 121% in human liver cells compared to untreated control after 48 hours \u0026amp; high neurogenetic potential with average neurite length of 84.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27.1 \u0026micro;m after 48 hrs. These findings indicate that the extracted gum powder possesses considerable potential as a natural, biocompatible polymer applicable in development of biomaterials, gelling agents, and pharmaceutical excipients.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Physicochemical and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Bombax ceiba Gum Powder for Potential Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-18 06:19:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7564826/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"bd40f9fb-9d26-48c1-8ae7-5d08442a370c","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-14T04:08:34+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-18 06:19:51","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7564826","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7564826","identity":"rs-7564826","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}