Impact of Culture-Bases Family Empowerment on Anemia Prevention Behavior in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Background Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide, especially among pregnant women. This is because the overall iron requirements during pregnancy are significantly higher than those in non-pregnant women. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of culture-based family empowerment on the prevention of anemia in pregnant women. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), Science Direct, and EBSCO databases from 2020 to 2025. The included articles were in English, full-text, and not review articles. Of the total 1419 records screened, the last six studies were included in the systematic review. The results showed that culture-based family empowerment increased hemoglobin levels, family support, and behavior. Conclusion: The family empowerment model, when combined with cultural principles, significantly impacts anemia prevention behavior in pregnant women. This approach not only increases hemoglobin levels but also increases family support and encourages positive behavioral changes. Health workers can adopt this model to optimize anemia prevention strategies and improve maternal health outcomes. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Funding Statement This study did not receive any funding Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: N/A I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Data Availability All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors All data produced in the present work are contained in the manuscript