Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel

Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel Chyan Deng Jan, Le Trang Nguyen, Litan Dey This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Mechanics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Understanding the movement and deposition patterns of granular materials is important for understanding the landslides and dry granular flow hazards in mountainous regions. This study investigates the influence of grain size distribution, characterized by median grain size ( \(\:{\text{D}}_{\text{50}}\) ) and sorting coefficient ( \(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\) ), on the moving and deposit characteristics of dry granular materials using an inclined channel coupled with a horizontal tank. The experiments involved measuring the entry speed ( \(\:{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}\) ), runout distance ( \(\:{\text{L}}_{\text{R}}\) ), maximum width ( \(\:\text{W}\) ), and the final deposit shape profiles under varying channel slopes ( \(\:\theta\:=\) 25°, 30°, and 35°). To comprehend the influence of grain size distribution and channel slopes on the entry speed, an empirical equation is provided relating \(\:{\text{V}}_{\text{0}}\) to \(\:{\text{D}}_{\text{50}}\) , \(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\) , and \(\:\theta\:\:\) using multiple linear regression analysis. The results demonstrate that as the channel slope increases, the runout distance and entry speed increase, while the deposit width decreases. Empirical equations relating the entry speed with the runout distance and maximum width are also provided to further demonstrate the influence of entry speeds on the deposit characteristics. Additionally, the analysis of the grain size distribution within the final deposits revealed a distinct pattern, with coarser grains settling towards the Tail and finer grains accumulating in the Middle and Front. Granular materials with higher \(\:{\text{S}}_{\text{c}}\) exhibit higher grain size segregation, resulting in a more heterogeneous deposit in the horizontal tank. The findings of this study can contribute to improving the understanding and prediction of the mobility and impact of landslides and dry granular flows. Inclined channel test Grain size distribution Entry speed Sorting coefficient Deposit characteristics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Mechanics → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5365670","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":379589423,"identity":"6cc03757-879a-4c27-9183-fa9033659b32","order_by":0,"name":"Chyan Deng Jan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chyan","middleName":"Deng","lastName":"Jan","suffix":""},{"id":379589424,"identity":"c606bf5c-0780-48bf-8f68-7860d06516d8","order_by":1,"name":"Le Trang Nguyen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"Trang","lastName":"Nguyen","suffix":""},{"id":379589425,"identity":"1804013f-8134-4da1-a88d-f86a94c88a87","order_by":2,"name":"Litan Dey","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYogx9EJBQQoYWNGapHsgGkxYAYLQxQLQYHwCQxWtj5D34ubLsnZ3x+deKHBwYM8vxiBwg6jFl6ZluxsdmNt5slgA4znDk7gaAWBmnebQmJ226c3QDSkmBwm7AW5t9ALfWbZ5zd/INYLWwgWxIM+Hu3EW2LmTXvvwTDGTd4t1kkGEgQ9gs//8HHt3nOJMjz95/dfPNHhY08vzQBLQggAVYpQaxysH0HSFE9CkbBKBgFIwkAAHk2Olbxzdd2AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"National Cheng Kung University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Litan","middleName":"","lastName":"Dey","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-31 07:53:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufaf012","type":"published","date":"2025-04-24T00:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83569160,"identity":"90b3859b-f434-4ea7-962c-1ee01852abe3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-28 16:03:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2185383,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FulllengthmanuscriptJanetal.2024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5365670/v1_covered_665bddc2-490f-4f53-8284-e13e68e38fa0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Inclined channel test, Grain size distribution, Entry speed, Sorting coefficient, Deposit characteristics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUnderstanding the movement and deposition patterns of granular materials is important for understanding the landslides and dry granular flow hazards in mountainous regions. This study investigates the influence of grain size distribution, characterized by median grain size (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{D}}_{\\text{50}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) and sorting coefficient (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{S}}_{\\text{c}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), on the moving and deposit characteristics of dry granular materials using an inclined channel coupled with a horizontal tank. The experiments involved measuring the entry speed (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{V}}_{\\text{0}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), runout distance (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{L}}_{\\text{R}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), maximum width (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{W}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e), and the final deposit shape profiles under varying channel slopes (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\theta\\:=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e 25\u0026deg;, 30\u0026deg;, and 35\u0026deg;). To comprehend the influence of grain size distribution and channel slopes on the entry speed, an empirical equation is provided relating \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{V}}_{\\text{0}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e to \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{D}}_{\\text{50}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{S}}_{\\text{c}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\theta\\:\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eusing multiple linear regression analysis. The results demonstrate that as the channel slope increases, the runout distance and entry speed increase, while the deposit width decreases. Empirical equations relating the entry speed with the runout distance and maximum width are also provided to further demonstrate the influence of entry speeds on the deposit characteristics. Additionally, the analysis of the grain size distribution within the final deposits revealed a distinct pattern, with coarser grains settling towards the Tail and finer grains accumulating in the Middle and Front. Granular materials with higher \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\text{S}}_{\\text{c}}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e exhibit higher grain size segregation, resulting in a more heterogeneous deposit in the horizontal tank. The findings of this study can contribute to improving the understanding and prediction of the mobility and impact of landslides and dry granular flows.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effects of grain size distribution on the movement and deposition of granular materials flowing down an inclined channel","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-22 01:35:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5365670/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1b36a646-1183-4794-9fa3-5b8b5e2b7a0a","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-28T16:03:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5365670","link":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufaf012","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-mechanics","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Journal of Mechanics"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-24 00:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 24th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-22 01:35:47","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1093/jom/ufaf012","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufaf012","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5365670","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5365670","identity":"rs-5365670","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}