Neck circumference in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated mean neck circumference in Latin America and the Caribbean at 35.69 cm in the general population, but inconsistent definitions and methodologies hinder comparisons.

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AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-16 · read from full text

This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing neck circumference across Latin America and the Caribbean, synthesizing existing studies to estimate pooled values for different populations. The authors compile and combine measurements using meta-analytic methods, but the provided text does not describe the specific pooled results, participant characteristics, or subgroup findings. A key limitation explicitly acknowledged in such reviews (though not visible in the excerpted text) is that heterogeneity across included studies—such as measurement procedures and sampling differences—can affect the interpretability of pooled estimates. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Background: High neck circumference (NC) is associated with high burden diseases in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC). NC complements established anthropometric measurements for early identification of cardio-metabolic and other illnesses. However, evidence about NC has not been systematically studied in LAC. We aimed to estimate the mean NC and the prevalence of high NC in LAC. Methods: : We conducted a systematic review in MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and LILACS. Search results were screened and studied by two reviewers independently. To assess risk of bias of individual studies, we used the Hoy et al. scale and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis. Results: : In total, 182 abstracts were screened, 96 manuscripts were reviewed and 85 studies (n= 51,978) were summarized. From all the summarized studies, 14 were conducted in a sample of the general population, 23 were conducted with captive populations and 49 studies were conducted with patients. The pooled mean NC in the general population was 35.69 cm (95% IC: 34.85cm-36.53cm; I²: 99.6%). In our patient populations, the pooled mean NC in the obesity group was 42.56cm (95% CI 41.70cm-43.42cm; I²: 92.40%). Across all studied populations, there were several definitions of high NC; thus, prevalence estimates were not comparable. The prevalence of high NC ranged between 37.00% and 57.69% in the general population. The methodology to measure NC was not consistently reported. Conclusions: : Mean NC in LAC appears to be in the range of estimates from other world regions. Inconsistent methods and definitions hamper cross-country comparisons and time trend analyses. There is a need for consistent and comparable definitions of NC so that it can be incorporated as a standard anthropometric indicator in surveys and epidemiological studies.
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