Leisure Crafting and its influencing factors among nurses in cancer specialty hospitals in China: a cross-sectional survey

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This study aims to investigate the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer specialized hospitals through a cross - sectional survey method and analyze its influencing factors. Method From July to August 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 530 clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin. A general information survey, a Leisure Crafting Scale, a job Crafting scale, and a nurse perceived organizational support scale were used to investigate them. Results The score of 530 clinical nurses'leisure crafting was (33.10 ± 6.87) points; The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, job crafting, and nurse perceived organizational support were the influencing factors of nurses' leisure time shaping (P<0.05). Conclusion The leisure crafting of nurse in cancer specialized hospitals in China is at a moderate level, influenced by age, job crafting, and nurse perceived organizational support. In the future, medical institutions and nursing managers can start from the above influencing factors and take corresponding measures to improve the level of nurse leisure crafting. leisure crafting job crafting nurse perceived organizational support influencing factors clinical nurse Background Leisure crafting refers to the general term for meaningful leisure activities, the cultivation of interpersonal relationships, the learning of new knowledge, etc. carried out by individuals during their time outside of work. It can encourage individuals to achieve self-development[ 1 ].Leisure crafting has three major characteristics: clear purposefulness, self-growth, and interpersonal development [ 2 ]. If the leisure activities carried out do not have specific goals set, or cannot promote the improvement of one's own knowledge or skills, or cannot promote the deepening and expansion of one's own interpersonal relationships, leisure activities such as indulging in mindless scrolling through short videos and watching soap operas for extended periods of time without restraint cannot be called leisure crafting. According to the Conservation of Resources Theory [ 3 ], daily busy clinical work will cause nurses to consume their own limited resources to cope with the impacts. At the same time, clinical nursing work is characterized by high intensity and a low degree of freedom. Moreover, nurses often have to deal with patients and their families who have high expectations of medical staff and treatment effects, and their emotional labor is more intensive compared with other occupations[ 4 ]. Compared with other occupations, the resource depletion of nurses in their work is faster and more serious. If the consumed resources cannot be replenished, they will often cause mental tension and a sense of pressure for nurses, and also reduce nurses' work engagement, affecting the efficiency and quality of nursing work. This may even increase the tendency to resign, resulting in the loss of nursing talent[ 5 , 6 ]. In addition, compared with nurses in general hospitals, nurses in cancer specialized hospitals need to prepare chemotherapy drugs frequently during their work and are more likely to be affected by the negative emotions of patients. These pressures will further exacerbate the depletion of their individual resources[ 7 , 8 ] Conservation of resources theory also emphasizes that timely conservation and restoration of resources can prevent the loss of existing resources and reduce the negative impacts caused by resource consumption[ 5 ]. However, current research related to resource conservation for nurses has focused mainly on a work scenarios. For example, it explores the influencing effects of factors such as support from hospital leadership and the work atmosphere on nurses' resources[ 9 ]. The recovery and restoration theories[ 10 ] state that when individuals consume excessive physical and mental energy, they should spend sufficient time during their leisure time to recover. Leisure crafting, on the other hand, focuses on the scenarios outside of nurses' work, and it has been proven to be an effective way for nurses to replenish and acquire new resources [ 11 – 13 ]. For individuals, clinical nurses can alleviate emotional exhaustion caused by work pressure through leisure crafting; enhance their sense of work control, work engagement; and work adaptability, and reduce job burnout[ 14 , 15 ]. For organizations, improving the level of nurses' leisure crafting helps meet nurses' need for a sense of belonging[ 16 ], increases nurses' work efficiency and work engagement [ 17 ], and thus improves the quality of nursing care, patient satisfaction, and the level of patient safety. The dual-path model of individual self-crafting[ 18 ]points out that both job crafting and leisure crafting are self-crafting behaviors and they are related to mutual influence and mutual promotion. Moreover, this model also holds that organizational support in the work context is an influencing factor of individual leisure crafting. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer specialized hospitals.On the basis of dual-path model of individual self-crafting, job crafting and leisure crafting are selected as possible influencing factors to be incorporated into the investigation. With respect to leisure time, this study uses a cross-sectional survey research method to clarify the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer hospital in China and analyze its influencing factors. On the basis of these research results, effective strategies and suggestions for promoting nurses' leisure crafting are proposed to provide references for nursing managers and all sectors of society. Subjects and Methods Research Subjects Using the convenience sampling method, from June to August 2024, clinical nurses from a Class III Grade A cancer specialty hospital in Tianjin were selected for the investigation. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ① registered nurses with a nursing practice certificate; ② engaged in first-line nursing work; ③provided informed consent and voluntarily participated in this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: ① Nurses who were absent from their posts during the investigation period due to sick leave, personal leave,; ② Interns or further study nurses. In this study, the Nurses' leisure crafting scale has 9 items, the JOB CRAFTING SCALE has 21 items, and the nurses' perceived organizational support scale has 15 items, totaling 45 items. Given that the sample size should be 5–10 times the number of items, and that 20% of the questionnaires are invalid, the estimated sample size is expected to be 270–540 cases. Methods Investigation tools ① General information questionnaire: Independently compiled by the researchers on the basis of a literature review, this questionnaire includes content such as gender, age, marital status, educational background, length of service, professional title, working department, and whether being in a formal establishment. ② Leisure crafting scale (LCS) The Chinese version of the Leisure Crafting Scale, which was developed by Petrou et al[ 16 ].and translated into Chinese and tested for reliability and validity among clinical nurses by Guo Yufang et al. [ 19 ], was adopted. The Chinese version of the scale is unidimensional, with a total of 9 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From "completely inconsistent" to "completely consistent", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned. The higher the score is, the stronger the nurses' leisure crafting. The Cronbach's α of the scale is 0.930. ③ Job crafting scale (JCS) The Job Crafting Scale developed by Tims et al.[ 20 ] based on the job resources model theory and translated into Chinese by Liao Qiuju et al[ 21 ]. was used. This scale has a total of 5 dimensions, namely increasing structural job resources, increasing job challenge requirements, increasing social job resources, and reducing obstructive job requirements, with a total of 21 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From "never" to "always", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned respectively. The higher the score is, the stronger the level of job crafting. The Cronbach's α of the scale is 0.820. ④ Survey of nurse perceived organizational support (SNPOS) The Survey of Nurse Perceived Organizational Support compiled by Wang Haocen et al. [ 22 ]was adopted. This questionnaire is unidimensional, with a total of 15 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned respectively. The higher the score is, the greater the degree of the nurses' perceived organizational support. The Cronbach's α of the scale is 0.953. Data collection After consent was obtained from the hospital's administrative department, the Wenjuanxing electronic questionnaire was used to collect questionnaires. When the questionnaires were distributed, the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study population were noted in the completion instructions, and the background settings were configured such that if there were missing entries or an unselected option, the questionnaire could not be successfully submitted. Questionnaires with obviously repetitive and regular answers were also excluded. Statistical analysis The electronic questionnaires from the Wenjuanxing platform were directly imported into SPSS 25.0 for statistical analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical data; for measurement data, if they conformed to a normal distribution, the means and standard deviations were used for description, and if they did not conform to a normal distribution, the medians and interquartile ranges were used for description. One-way ANOVA or a t-test was used for univariate statistical analysis; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between nurses' leisure crafting scores, job crafting scores, and nurses' perceived organizational support; Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results General Information of the Survey Subjects A total of 570 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 530 were effectively retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 92.98%. The specific general information is shown in Table 1 . Total score of nurses' leisure crafting The total score of leisure crafting for the 530 nurses was (33.10 ± 6.87) points, and the average score per item was (3.67 ± 0.76) points. Univariate analysis of the scores of nurses' leisure crafting ability with different demographic characteristics The results of the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the scores among those of different ages( P <0.05).The specific details are shown in Table 1 . Table 1 Univariate analysis of the scores of nurses' leisure crafting in the application of the nursing process (n = 530) Variables N(%) Score( x̄ ± s ) t / F Value P-Value Gender 0.943 0.346 Male 22(4.2) 34.45 ± 7.51 Female 508(95.8) 33.04 ± 6.84 Age 2.224 0.084 ≤ 30 years old 156(29.4) 34.19 ± 6.55 31–39 years old 208(39.2) 32.82 ± 7.21 40–49 years old 123(23.2) 32.68 ± 6.65 ≥ 50 years old 43(8.1) 31.67 ± 6.62 Marital status 0.925 0.356 unmarried 141(26.6) 33.50 ± 6.96 married 389(73.4) 32.87 ± 6.85 educational background 0.235 0.791 Junior college 26(4.9) 32.84 ± 5.54 Undergraduate 489(92.4) 33.07 ± 6.86 postgraduate 15(2.8) 34.26 ± 9.34 working years 1.259 0.288 ≤ 5 117(22.1) 34.02 ± 6.44 6–10 101(19.1) 33.15 ± 7.44 11–15 137(25.8) 33.12 ± 6.89 ≥ 16 175(33.0) 32.43 ± 6.77 Professional title 0.815 0.443 Junior titles 325(61.3) 33.40 ± 6.54 Intermediate titles 199(37.5) 32.61 ± 7.35 Deputy senior title and above 6(1.1) 33.00 ± 8.04 department 1.853 0.136 general ward 360(67.9) 33.09 ± 6.99 Department of Anesthesia Surgery 75(14.2) 34.46 ± 6.45 Outpatient / Emergency 52(9.8) 31.65 ± 6.45 other 43(8.1) 32.55 ± 6.83 Monthly average night shift number (times) 0.626 0.535 0–3 311(58.7) 33.35 ± 6.79 4–6 102(19.2) 32.49 ± 7.17 ≥ 7 117(22.1) 32.97 ± 6.82 Employment method -1.409 0.159 Informal preparation 247(46.6) 32.65 ± 6.85 Formal preparation 283(53.4) 33.49 ± 6.87 Correlation Analysis of nurses' leisure crafting, job crafting, and nurses' perceived organizational support atmosphere The job crafting score of the 530 nurses was (77.36 ± 13.20) points, and the score of nurses' perceived organizational support atmosphere was (61.68 ± 10.57) points. The correlation analysis revealed that the level of nurses' leisure crafting was positively correlated with job crafting ( r = 0.587, P < 0.001) and was also positively correlated with the their perceived organizational support atmosphere ( r = 0.473, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis of the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting With the scores of nurses' leisure crafting as the dependent variable, and the variables with statistical significance in the univariate statistical analysis, along with the scores of job crafting and nurses' perceived organizational support atmosphere as independent variables, was carried out via multiple stepwise regression. When fitting the regression model, this study checks whether there is collinearity among the independent variables to determine the accuracy of the research data analysis. The variance inflation factor (VIF) is used to diagnose the collinearity problem among the data. Generally, when the VIF > 10, it is considered that there may be a problem of multicollinearity for the independent variable. The results revealed that gender, age, job crafting, and nurses' perceived organizational support were the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting, which explained 39.1% of the total variance.Moreover, the VIF values of each independent variable range from 1.001 to 1.395, all of which are less than 10, indicating that there is no collinearity among the independent variables.The specific details are shown in Table Table 2 Multiple linear regression of influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting(n = 530) Variables B SE β′ t 值 P VIF Constant 7.013 1.654 / 4.241 <0.001 / Age -0.880 0.253 -0.118 -3.462 0.001 1.001 JCS 0.246 0.021 0.472 11.774 <0.001 1.395 SNPOS 0.146 0.026 0.224 5.546 <0.001 1.394 R 2 = 0.395, Adjusted R 2 = 0.391; F = 114.303, P <0.001 Discussion Current situation of nurses' leisure crafting scores The results of this study indicate that the score of leisure crafting score for nurses in cancer specialty hospitals is (33.10 ± 6.87) points, which is at a moderate level. This number is slightly higher than the results of previous surveys in Chinese general hospitals[ 23 , 24 ]. From the perspective of the work environment, the relatively single focused of nursing work content in cancer specific hospitals, although it limits to some extent the diversity of diseases to which nurses are exposed and enables them to concentrate more on in depth learning and exploration in the field of oncology nursing. A long-term focus on a specific field helps nurses in cancer specific hospitals accumulate profound professional knowledge and skills, resulting in their unique competitive advantages[ 25 , 26 ]. In their spare time, on the basis of their in-depth accumulation in their professional field, they tend to have more motivation and direction to participate in activities that enhance their professional capabilities. For example, they may attend academic seminars related to cancer nursing, professional training courses, etc. These activities enrich the content of their leisure crafting and thus increase their leisure crafting scores[ 26 ]. Although the leisure crafting scores of nurses in cancer hospitals are slightly higher, this does not mean that their leisure crafting situation should be overlooked. There is still room for improvement in nurses' self-shaping and growth during their off-duty hours. Analysis of the scores of each item, revealed that nurses scored the lowest on the two items: "I try to seek challenging activities in my spare time" and "I try to build interpersonal relationships through spare-time activities". There are two possible reasons for this. First, nurses already face numerous pressures in their daily work, such as dealing with patients' conditions and handling emergencies. As a result, they tend to choose passive and energy-saving leisure activities,such as sleeping in,to recover their energy during their off-duty hours,[ 27 ]. However, leisure crafting is essentially different from energy-saving leisure activities. Leisure crafting refers to actively seeking opportunities for growth during leisure time and requires setting goals in advance[ 28 ]. Therefore, nursing managers can suggest that nurses engage in activities such as foreign language learning, reading, and writing during their off-duty hours, enabling them to replenish the resources depleted by work while achieving self-growth. Second, although the high professionalism of medical institutions may enable nurses to establish close professional relationships in the workplace, they have fewer opportunities to expand their social circles in nonwork settings. Building and developing interpersonal relationships during spare time is an important part of nurses' leisure crafting[ 29 ]. Therefore, medical institutions can encourage nurses to participate in cross-industry social activities, such as volunteer services and community activities, to broaden their social circles and make new friends. Moreover, medical institutions can also organize cross-departmental team-building activities to promote communication and cooperation among nurses from different departments. Influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting General demographic factors The results of this study show that age can negatively affect leisure crafting. That is, the older the nurses are, the lower their leisure crafting scores. With increasing age, nurses may accumulate more work experience in their careers, but they may also face a greater sense of burnout[ 30 , 31 ]. Long-term physical and mental exhaustion may make them more inclined to pursue sensory pleasure and relaxation during their off-duty hours rather than engaging in active leisure crafting activities. In addition, older nurses may bear more family responsibilities, further limiting their time and energy for leisure crafting. Medical institutions and managers should pay particular attention to the senior nurse group and create more favorable conditions for their leisure crafting by improving the working environment and enhancing work flexibility. Notably, however, that Sheng[ 24 ]reported that age was not an influencing factor of nurses' leisure crafting. This may be because the survey subjects in that study were mostly concentrated among young nurses, with only 33 nurses over 40 years of age included, and the small sample size failed to comprehensively reflect the leisure crafting level of senior nurses. Job crafting The results of this study show that job crafting can positively affect nurses' leisure crafting. That is, the stronger the nurses' job crafting ability is, the stronger their leisure crafting ability. Job crafting refers to the behavior of employees who, to meet their own needs, actively adjust the content and methods of their work to make themselves more compatible with the work[ 32 ]. As the backbone of the medical system, nurses, face a complex and changeable working environment and high-intensity work pressure, amd having a strong job crafting ability can help them respond more effectively to challenges and improve work efficiency[ 33 ]. Moreover, as an active behavior, job crafting is also a concrete manifestation of nurses' pursuit of the meaning of work. It reflects an active and flexible attitude. According to the spillover effect theory proposed by Abdel et al. [ 29 ], an individual's attitude and behavior in the work scenario will "spill over" into the leisure domain. Individuals with a high level of job crafting will also actively engage in meaningful leisure crafting activities during their off-duty hours. Currently, there have been studies that have constructed intervention programs on the basis of the job demands-resources model[ 34 ]. Through short-term and intensive training, employees' job crafting abilities can be permanently improved. This findings suggests that medical institutions can further develop and apply job crafting training programs for nursing staff to simultaneously improve their job crafting and leisure crafting levels. Nurses' Perceived Organizational Support The perceived organizational support of nurses refers to the comprehensive perception of the support and care they receive from their departments and hospitals during work[ 35 ]. This study revealed that the stronger the perceived organizational support of nurses, the stronger their leisure crafting ability is, which is consistent with the research results of Rafiq[ 36 ].The dual path model of individual self crafting points out that work related factors, including the perceived organizational support, affect the self assessment process, thus further triggering leisure crafting behaviors[ 18 ]. For example, in an organizational environment full of support and care, nurses are more likely to form a positive self perceptions, believe that their efforts will be recognized, and thus face the challenges in work and life with more confidence[ 37 ]. This positive mindset prompts them to actively seek growth opportunities. They will not only be more dedicated at work but also regard their leisure time as an important period for self improvement, actively learning new knowledge and skills instead of just using it for rest and relaxation[ 38 ]. It is suggested that nursing managers should provide a safe and comfortable workplace for nurses, arrange working hours reasonably, reduce nurses' work burden, and establish an effective feedback mechanism to encourage nurses to propose improvement suggestions, so that nurses can feel that their voices are valued[ 39 ]. At the same time, nursing managers should also attach importance to cultivating nurses' professional identity and sense of belonging. Through organizing regular team - building activities, career development planning seminars and other means, they can increase nurses' pride in and sense of responsibility toward the nursing profession. In addition, a fair and transparent promotion mechanism should be established to enable nurses to see the prospects of their personal career development, so that they can truly feel the organization's care for them[ 40 ]. Conclusion The leisure crafting of the 530 clinical nurses in cancer specialty hospitals surveyed in this study is moderate, and there is still room for further improvement. It is affected by factors such as age, the level of job crafting, and the level of nurses' perceived organizational support. In the future, medical institutions and nursing managers can start from the above influencing factors and adopt corresponding intervention measures to improve the level of nurses' leisure crafting. However, the samples selected in this study were from only one Class III Grade A cancer specialty hospital, and the results may be biased. Future research can carry out multicenter and large-sample surveys to further explore the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting. Declarations Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the nurses who participated in this study for their patient cooperation. Author contributions Author contributions All authors have agreed with the content of the manuscript and contributed to the work as follows Study design: Funding This study was supported by the Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number：2024GLLH1218) and by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty) Construction Project（TJYXZDXK-011A） The funder played no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report, or in the submission of this article for publication. Data availability The datasets used and analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Author contributions Project Conception: WJ, WJY, LMZ,QWM. Project organization: WJ, WJY, LMZ, QWM. Project execution: YYS, LZR, WYF, SAM. Statistical analysis design: WJY, LMZ, QWM. Statistical analysis—execution: YYS, LZR,WYF, SAM.Statistical analysis—review and critique: WJY, QWM. Preparation of the first draft of manuscript: WJ.Review and critique of manuscript: All the authors. Ethics approval and consent to participants This study was conducted according to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Xilin Gol League Central Hospital(XMZXYYLLWYH2024-062 ). All the participants were given oral and written information about the aim of the study, that their participation was voluntary, and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without giving an explanation. Informed consent was obtained in written form from all participants. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical trial number Not applicable. References Tsaur S, Yen C, Yang M, Yen H. Leisure Crafting: Scale Development and Validation. LEISURE SCI. 2023;45(1):71–91. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6253808","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":442564432,"identity":"166ab0db-cc5a-4ea6-a4eb-268e9b4848d8","order_by":0,"name":"Jing Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xilin Gol League Central Hospital, Inner Mongolia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":442564433,"identity":"fd5c3d88-8e4a-4396-972f-12092903ecd0","order_by":1,"name":"Jiayu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiayu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":442564434,"identity":"2e4b7db5-9fa9-4b72-a760-e813a2ab1a2d","order_by":2,"name":"Mingze Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mingze","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":442564435,"identity":"6087a55c-41b5-4131-bda2-0c621a3bf8c2","order_by":3,"name":"Aomei Shen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aomei","middleName":"","lastName":"Shen","suffix":""},{"id":442564436,"identity":"f5639002-7bf4-4ee1-b05f-bb1130fd5b9e","order_by":4,"name":"Yishan Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yishan","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":442564437,"identity":"3f155a03-8b3a-4c24-9dcb-34be03b553f9","order_by":5,"name":"Zhiru Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xilin Gol League Central Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhiru","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":442564438,"identity":"fb7e7686-2af1-446c-82fd-78ace8a7c479","order_by":6,"name":"Yanfei Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xilin Gol League Central Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":442564439,"identity":"0d3e16c3-7986-4d63-9c7a-341738c32265","order_by":7,"name":"Yongxian Jing","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xilin Gol League Central Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yongxian","middleName":"","lastName":"Jing","suffix":""},{"id":442564440,"identity":"91ad84d5-b27e-466e-8575-ea11e603ba11","order_by":8,"name":"Wanming Qiang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBAYGHnn+xsYHDAYkaJExnHG42YB4LUBgw3AgvU2CKKXmErmPPzzcUcvD2HCwrfJHwR15BvbDRzfg02I5I91MIvHMcR525sa22zwGzwwbeNLSbuDTYnAjjY0hse0Y2JbbDAaHGRskeMwIaWH+ANLCcCCxrfCHwWF7YrQwSCS21YC1MPAYHE4krOXMMzaglgM8hjMONksDtSS3EfTL8TTmjz/b6uzl+dsffvzx57BtP/vhY3i1QMFhBJONCOUgUEekulEwCkbBKBiRAADX2k4NvDGoMAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer and Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wanming","middleName":"","lastName":"Qiang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-18 13:53:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6253808/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6253808/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81022658,"identity":"fe393576-aa5d-4eb1-83c8-a879a2601bf2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-21 10:02:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":896056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6253808/v1/b4409857-770b-4016-bd5b-7dc834a01053.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Leisure Crafting and its influencing factors among nurses in cancer specialty hospitals in China: a cross-sectional survey","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eLeisure crafting refers to the general term for meaningful leisure activities, the cultivation of interpersonal relationships, the learning of new knowledge, etc. carried out by individuals during their time outside of work. It can encourage individuals to achieve self-development[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e].Leisure crafting has three major characteristics: clear purposefulness, self-growth, and interpersonal development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. If the leisure activities carried out do not have specific goals set, or cannot promote the improvement of one's own knowledge or skills, or cannot promote the deepening and expansion of one's own interpersonal relationships, leisure activities such as indulging in mindless scrolling through short videos and watching soap operas for extended periods of time without restraint cannot be called leisure crafting.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the Conservation of Resources Theory [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], daily busy clinical work will cause nurses to consume their own limited resources to cope with the impacts. At the same time, clinical nursing work is characterized by high intensity and a low degree of freedom. Moreover, nurses often have to deal with patients and their families who have high expectations of medical staff and treatment effects, and their emotional labor is more intensive compared with other occupations[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Compared with other occupations, the resource depletion of nurses in their work is faster and more serious. If the consumed resources cannot be replenished, they will often cause mental tension and a sense of pressure for nurses, and also reduce nurses' work engagement, affecting the efficiency and quality of nursing work. This may even increase the tendency to resign, resulting in the loss of nursing talent[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, compared with nurses in general hospitals, nurses in cancer specialized hospitals need to prepare chemotherapy drugs frequently during their work and are more likely to be affected by the negative emotions of patients. These pressures will further exacerbate the depletion of their individual resources[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConservation of resources theory also emphasizes that timely conservation and restoration of resources can prevent the loss of existing resources and reduce the negative impacts caused by resource consumption[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. However, current research related to resource conservation for nurses has focused mainly on a work scenarios. For example, it explores the influencing effects of factors such as support from hospital leadership and the work atmosphere on nurses' resources[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The recovery and restoration theories[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] state that when individuals consume excessive physical and mental energy, they should spend sufficient time during their leisure time to recover. Leisure crafting, on the other hand, focuses on the scenarios outside of nurses' work, and it has been proven to be an effective way for nurses to replenish and acquire new resources [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. For individuals, clinical nurses can alleviate emotional exhaustion caused by work pressure through leisure crafting; enhance their sense of work control, work engagement; and work adaptability, and reduce job burnout[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. For organizations, improving the level of nurses' leisure crafting helps meet nurses' need for a sense of belonging[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e], increases nurses' work efficiency and work engagement [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e], and thus improves the quality of nursing care, patient satisfaction, and the level of patient safety.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dual-path model of individual self-crafting[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]points out that both job crafting and leisure crafting are self-crafting behaviors and they are related to mutual influence and mutual promotion. Moreover, this model also holds that organizational support in the work context is an influencing factor of individual leisure crafting. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer specialized hospitals.On the basis of dual-path model of individual self-crafting, job crafting and leisure crafting are selected as possible influencing factors to be incorporated into the investigation. With respect to leisure time, this study uses a cross-sectional survey research method to clarify the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer hospital in China and analyze its influencing factors. On the basis of these research results, effective strategies and suggestions for promoting nurses' leisure crafting are proposed to provide references for nursing managers and all sectors of society.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Subjects and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Subjects\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the convenience sampling method, from June to August 2024, clinical nurses from a Class III Grade A cancer specialty hospital in Tianjin were selected for the investigation. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ① registered nurses with a nursing practice certificate; ② engaged in first-line nursing work; ③provided informed consent and voluntarily participated in this study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: ① Nurses who were absent from their posts during the investigation period due to sick leave, personal leave,; ② Interns or further study nurses. In this study, the Nurses' leisure crafting scale has 9 items, the JOB CRAFTING SCALE has 21 items, and the nurses' perceived organizational support scale has 15 items, totaling 45 items. Given that the sample size should be 5\u0026ndash;10 times the number of items, and that 20% of the questionnaires are invalid, the estimated sample size is expected to be 270\u0026ndash;540 cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMethods\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInvestigation tools\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e① General information questionnaire: Independently compiled by the researchers on the basis of a literature review, this questionnaire includes content such as gender, age, marital status, educational background, length of service, professional title, working department, and whether being in a formal establishment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e② Leisure crafting scale (LCS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Chinese version of the Leisure Crafting Scale, which was developed by Petrou et al[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].and translated into Chinese and tested for reliability and validity among clinical nurses by Guo Yufang et al. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], was adopted. The Chinese version of the scale is unidimensional, with a total of 9 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From \"completely inconsistent\" to \"completely consistent\", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned. The higher the score is, the stronger the nurses' leisure crafting. The Cronbach's \u0026alpha; of the scale is 0.930.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e③ Job crafting scale (JCS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Job Crafting Scale developed by Tims et al.[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e] based on the job resources model theory and translated into Chinese by Liao Qiuju et al[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. was used. This scale has a total of 5 dimensions, namely increasing structural job resources, increasing job challenge requirements, increasing social job resources, and reducing obstructive job requirements, with a total of 21 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From \"never\" to \"always\", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned respectively. The higher the score is, the stronger the level of job crafting. The Cronbach's \u0026alpha; of the scale is 0.820.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e④ Survey of nurse perceived organizational support (SNPOS)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Survey of Nurse Perceived Organizational Support compiled by Wang Haocen et al. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]was adopted. This questionnaire is unidimensional, with a total of 15 items. It uses a 5-point Likert scale, and all the items are scored positively. From \"strongly disagree\" to \"strongly agree\", scores of 1 to 5 are assigned respectively. The higher the score is, the greater the degree of the nurses' perceived organizational support. The Cronbach's \u0026alpha; of the scale is 0.953.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter consent was obtained from the hospital's administrative department, the Wenjuanxing electronic questionnaire was used to collect questionnaires. When the questionnaires were distributed, the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study population were noted in the completion instructions, and the background settings were configured such that if there were missing entries or an unselected option, the questionnaire could not be successfully submitted. Questionnaires with obviously repetitive and regular answers were also excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe electronic questionnaires from the Wenjuanxing platform were directly imported into SPSS 25.0 for statistical analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe categorical data; for measurement data, if they conformed to a normal distribution, the means and standard deviations were used for description, and if they did not conform to a normal distribution, the medians and interquartile ranges were used for description. One-way ANOVA or a t-test was used for univariate statistical analysis; Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between nurses' leisure crafting scores, job crafting scores, and nurses' perceived organizational support; Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting. \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eGeneral Information of the Survey Subjects\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA total of 570 questionnaires were distributed in this study, and 530 were effectively retrieved, with an effective recovery rate of 92.98%. The specific general information is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eTotal score of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe total score of leisure crafting for the 530 nurses was (33.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.87) points, and the average score per item was (3.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76) points.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eUnivariate analysis of the scores of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting ability with different demographic characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the scores among those of different ages(\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05).The specific details are shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of the scores of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting in the application of the nursing process (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;530)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScore(\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ex̄\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;s\u003c/em\u003e )\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e/\u003cem\u003eF Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.943\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22(4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e508(95.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;30 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156(29.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u0026ndash;39 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208(39.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;49 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123(23.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;50 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.925\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.356\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eunmarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141(26.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e389(73.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eeducational background\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.235\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.791\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJunior college\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e489(92.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epostgraduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eworking years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117(22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u0026ndash;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101(19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137(25.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175(33.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfessional title\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.815\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJunior titles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e325(61.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntermediate titles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199(37.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeputy senior title and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edepartment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egeneral ward\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360(67.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepartment of Anesthesia Surgery\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75(14.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOutpatient / Emergency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52(9.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eother\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly average night shift number (times)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.626\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.535\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e311(58.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u0026ndash;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102(19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e117(22.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployment method\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInformal preparation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247(46.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFormal preparation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e283(53.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCorrelation Analysis of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting, job crafting, and nurses\u0026apos; perceived organizational support atmosphere\u003c/h2\u003eThe job crafting score of the 530 nurses was (77.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.20) points, and the score of nurses\u0026apos; perceived organizational support atmosphere was (61.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.57) points. The correlation analysis revealed that the level of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting was positively correlated with job crafting (\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.587, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and was also positively correlated with the their perceived organizational support atmosphere (\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.473, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMultivariate analysis of the influencing factors of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003eWith the scores of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting as the dependent variable, and the variables with statistical significance in the univariate statistical analysis, along with the scores of job crafting and nurses\u0026apos; perceived organizational support atmosphere as independent variables, was carried out via multiple stepwise regression. When fitting the regression model, this study checks whether there is collinearity among the independent variables to determine the accuracy of the research data analysis. The variance inflation factor (VIF) is used to diagnose the collinearity problem among the data. Generally, when the VIF\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10, it is considered that there may be a problem of multicollinearity for the independent variable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"Section2\"\u003eThe results revealed that gender, age, job crafting, and nurses\u0026apos; perceived organizational support were the influencing factors of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting, which explained 39.1% of the total variance.Moreover, the VIF values of each independent variable range from 1.001 to 1.395, all of which are less than 10, indicating that there is no collinearity among the independent variables.The specific details are shown in Table\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression of influencing factors of nurses\u0026apos; leisure crafting(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;530)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eB\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026beta;\u0026prime;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e值\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVIF\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConstant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e7.013\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.654\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e/\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e4.241\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e/\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.253\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.462\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSNPOS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.546\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.394\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.395, Adjusted \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.391;\u003cem\u003eF\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;114.303, \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCurrent situation of nurses' leisure crafting scores\u003c/h2\u003e\nThe results of this study indicate that the score of leisure crafting score for nurses in cancer specialty hospitals is (33.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.87) points, which is at a moderate level. This number is slightly higher than the results of previous surveys in Chinese general hospitals[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. From the perspective of the work environment, the relatively single focused of nursing work content in cancer specific hospitals, although it limits to some extent the diversity of diseases to which nurses are exposed and enables them to concentrate more on in depth learning and exploration in the field of oncology nursing. A long-term focus on a specific field helps nurses in cancer specific hospitals accumulate profound professional knowledge and skills, resulting in their unique competitive advantages[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. In their spare time, on the basis of their in-depth accumulation in their professional field, they tend to have more motivation and direction to participate in activities that enhance their professional capabilities. For example, they may attend academic seminars related to cancer nursing, professional training courses, etc. These activities enrich the content of their leisure crafting and thus increase their leisure crafting scores[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003cbr /\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough the leisure crafting scores of nurses in cancer hospitals are slightly higher, this does not mean that their leisure crafting situation should be overlooked. There is still room for improvement in nurses' self-shaping and growth during their off-duty hours. Analysis of the scores of each item, revealed that nurses scored the lowest on the two items: \"I try to seek challenging activities in my spare time\" and \"I try to build interpersonal relationships through spare-time activities\". There are two possible reasons for this. First, nurses already face numerous pressures in their daily work, such as dealing with patients' conditions and handling emergencies. As a result, they tend to choose passive and energy-saving leisure activities,such as sleeping in,to recover their energy during their off-duty hours,[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. However, leisure crafting is essentially different from energy-saving leisure activities. Leisure crafting refers to actively seeking opportunities for growth during leisure time and requires setting goals in advance[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, nursing managers can suggest that nurses engage in activities such as foreign language learning, reading, and writing during their off-duty hours, enabling them to replenish the resources depleted by work while achieving self-growth. Second, although the high professionalism of medical institutions may enable nurses to establish close professional relationships in the workplace, they have fewer opportunities to expand their social circles in nonwork settings. Building and developing interpersonal relationships during spare time is an important part of nurses' leisure crafting[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, medical institutions can encourage nurses to participate in cross-industry social activities, such as volunteer services and community activities, to broaden their social circles and make new friends. Moreover, medical institutions can also organize cross-departmental team-building activities to promote communication and cooperation among nurses from different departments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInfluencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGeneral demographic factors\u003c/h2\u003e\nThe results of this study show that age can negatively affect leisure crafting. That is, the older the nurses are, the lower their leisure crafting scores. With increasing age, nurses may accumulate more work experience in their careers, but they may also face a greater sense of burnout[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Long-term physical and mental exhaustion may make them more inclined to pursue sensory pleasure and relaxation during their off-duty hours rather than engaging in active leisure crafting activities. In addition, older nurses may bear more family responsibilities, further limiting their time and energy for leisure crafting. Medical institutions and managers should pay particular attention to the senior nurse group and create more favorable conditions for their leisure crafting by improving the working environment and enhancing work flexibility. Notably, however, that Sheng[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]reported that age was not an influencing factor of nurses' leisure crafting. This may be because the survey subjects in that study were mostly concentrated among young nurses, with only 33 nurses over 40 years of age included, and the small sample size failed to comprehensively reflect the leisure crafting level of senior nurses.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eJob crafting\u003c/h2\u003e\nThe results of this study show that job crafting can positively affect nurses' leisure crafting. That is, the stronger the nurses' job crafting ability is, the stronger their leisure crafting ability. Job crafting refers to the behavior of employees who, to meet their own needs, actively adjust the content and methods of their work to make themselves more compatible with the work[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. As the backbone of the medical system, nurses, face a complex and changeable working environment and high-intensity work pressure, amd having a strong job crafting ability can help them respond more effectively to challenges and improve work efficiency[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, as an active behavior, job crafting is also a concrete manifestation of nurses' pursuit of the meaning of work. It reflects an active and flexible attitude. According to the spillover effect theory proposed by Abdel et al. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e], an individual's attitude and behavior in the work scenario will \"spill over\" into the leisure domain. Individuals with a high level of job crafting will also actively engage in meaningful leisure crafting activities during their off-duty hours. Currently, there have been studies that have constructed intervention programs on the basis of the job demands-resources model[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Through short-term and intensive training, employees' job crafting abilities can be permanently improved. This findings suggests that medical institutions can further develop and apply job crafting training programs for nursing staff to simultaneously improve their job crafting and leisure crafting levels.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNurses' Perceived Organizational Support\u003c/h2\u003e\nThe perceived organizational support of nurses refers to the comprehensive perception of the support and care they receive from their departments and hospitals during work[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. This study revealed that the stronger the perceived organizational support of nurses, the stronger their leisure crafting ability is, which is consistent with the research results of Rafiq[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e].The dual path model of individual self crafting points out that work related factors, including the perceived organizational support, affect the self assessment process, thus further triggering leisure crafting behaviors[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. For example, in an organizational environment full of support and care, nurses are more likely to form a positive self perceptions, believe that their efforts will be recognized, and thus face the challenges in work and life with more confidence[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. This positive mindset prompts them to actively seek growth opportunities. They will not only be more dedicated at work but also regard their leisure time as an important period for self improvement, actively learning new knowledge and skills instead of just using it for rest and relaxation[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. It is suggested that nursing managers should provide a safe and comfortable workplace for nurses, arrange working hours reasonably, reduce nurses' work burden, and establish an effective feedback mechanism to encourage nurses to propose improvement suggestions, so that nurses can feel that their voices are valued[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. At the same time, nursing managers should also attach importance to cultivating nurses' professional identity and sense of belonging. Through organizing regular team - building activities, career development planning seminars and other means, they can increase nurses' pride in and sense of responsibility toward the nursing profession. In addition, a fair and transparent promotion mechanism should be established to enable nurses to see the prospects of their personal career development, so that they can truly feel the organization's care for them[\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe leisure crafting of the 530 clinical nurses in cancer specialty hospitals surveyed in this study is moderate, and there is still room for further improvement. It is affected by factors such as age, the level of job crafting, and the level of nurses' perceived organizational support. In the future, medical institutions and nursing managers can start from the above influencing factors and adopt corresponding intervention measures to improve the level of nurses' leisure crafting. However, the samples selected in this study were from only one Class III Grade A cancer specialty hospital, and the results may be biased. Future research can carry out multicenter and large-sample surveys to further explore the influencing factors of nurses' leisure crafting.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the nurses who participated in this study for their patient cooperation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor contributions All authors have agreed with the content of the manuscript and contributed to the work as follows Study design:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by the Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences(grant number：2024GLLH1218) and by Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty) Construction Project（TJYXZDXK-011A）\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe funder played no role in the study design, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report, or in the submission of this article for publication.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProject Conception: WJ, WJY, LMZ,QWM. Project organization: WJ, WJY, LMZ, QWM. Project execution: YYS, LZR, WYF, SAM. Statistical analysis design: WJY, LMZ, QWM. Statistical analysis\u0026mdash;execution: YYS, LZR,WYF, SAM.Statistical analysis\u0026mdash;review and critique: WJY, QWM. Preparation of the first draft of manuscript: WJ.Review and critique of manuscript: All the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEthics approval and consent to participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted according to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Xilin Gol League Central Hospital(XMZXYYLLWYH2024-062 ). All the participants were given oral and written information about the aim of the study, that their participation was voluntary, and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without giving an explanation. Informed consent was obtained in written form from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTsaur S, Yen C, Yang M, Yen H. Leisure Crafting: Scale Development and Validation. LEISURE SCI. 2023;45(1):71\u0026ndash;91.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFritsch T, Smyth KA, Debanne SM, Petot GJ, Friedland RP. Participation in novelty-seeking leisure activities and Alzheimer's disease. J GERIATR PSYCH NEUR. 2005;18(3):134\u0026ndash;41.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHobfoll, Stevan E. Conservation of resources. 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LSE Res Online Documents Econ 2019.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHu H, Wang C, Lan Y, Wu X. Nurses\u0026rsquo; turnover intention, hope and career identity: the mediating role of job satisfaction. BMC NURS. 2022;21(1):43.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMonje-Amor A, Xanthopoulou D, Calvo N, Abeal V\u0026aacute;zquez JP. Structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and work engagement: A cross-country study. EUR MANAG J. 2021;39(6):779\u0026ndash;89.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"leisure crafting, job crafting, nurse perceived organizational support, influencing factors, clinical nurse","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6253808/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6253808/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Background Nurses' leisure crafting can affect their mental health and job performance. This study aims to investigate the current situation of leisure crafting among nurses in cancer specialized hospitals through a cross - sectional survey method and analyze its influencing factors.\nMethod From July to August 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 530 clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital in Tianjin. A general information survey, a Leisure Crafting Scale, a job Crafting scale, and a nurse perceived organizational support scale were used to investigate them.\nResults The score of 530 clinical nurses'leisure crafting was (33.10 ± 6.87) points; The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, job crafting, and nurse perceived organizational support were the influencing factors of nurses' leisure time shaping (P\u003c0.05).\nConclusion The leisure crafting of nurse in cancer specialized hospitals in China is at a moderate level, influenced by age, job crafting, and nurse perceived organizational support. In the future, medical institutions and nursing managers can start from the above influencing factors and take corresponding measures to improve the level of nurse leisure crafting.","manuscriptTitle":"Leisure Crafting and its influencing factors among nurses in cancer specialty hospitals in China: a cross-sectional survey","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-21 09:46:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6253808/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-04-14T08:05:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-11T12:53:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"49892256939455491281655125876491711411","date":"2025-04-06T20:12:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-01T09:31:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"94687076545896158966181385112820597087","date":"2025-04-01T09:09:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"210194867990301811333859221350175052401","date":"2025-03-31T23:21:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-31T19:05:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-31T10:52:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-28T12:02:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-03-28T12:01:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2e12d83a-a999-4cea-b7df-a91f2e1b5fa0","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-08T11:08:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-21 09:46:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6253808","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6253808","identity":"rs-6253808","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}