Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes

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This study aims to illustrate and investigate the behavioral factors related to the physical fitness of university workers and attitudes in work performance. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study on 93 workers with purposive sampling using the Taro Yamane method, to examine exercise behaviors and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. Then, 31 selected participants who were at a moderate level of attitude and exercise practice joined the workplace exercise program for two months. Participants’ exercise behavior and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice before and after joining the program were analyzed using an independent t-test. The physical fitness and work attitude were examined. Results: The results show that the university workers who participated in the program had an adjustment in exercise behavior after engaging in WE with a high level of knowledge, attitude (3.14+.18) and exercise practice (3.32+.31). In addition, we found that programs improved physical fitness with a significant increase in resting heart rate and leg strength (p<0.05). A direct relationship between work attitude and physical fitness after adapting intervention were revealed with work attitude in 3.35+.44 high agreement. Conclusion: The results correspond to earlier studies on exercise factors with the increasing exercise behavior level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. The WE is important for university workers. Therefore, the developed WE in the workplace increased the health and work attitude." } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1", "name": "Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’attitudes" } } ] } Home Browse Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’attitudes ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Boonsem A, Malarat A and Na Phatthalung A. Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] Aungkana Boonsem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-5499 1 , Anan Malarat 2 , Aditep Na Phatthalung 3 Aungkana Boonsem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6933-5499 1 , Anan Malarat 2 , Aditep Na Phatthalung 3 PUBLISHED 21 Mar 2023 Author details Author details 1 School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 2 Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakarinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand 3 College of Teacher Education, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand Aungkana Boonsem Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Anan Malarat Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Aditep Na Phatthalung Roles: Data Curation, Investigation OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background: Workplace exercise (WE) has become the focus of a number of studies in Thailand universities as it is believed to prevent numerous chronic diseases. This study aims to illustrate and investigate the behavioral factors related to the physical fitness of university workers and attitudes in work performance. Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study on 93 workers with purposive sampling using the Taro Yamane method, to examine exercise behaviors and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. Then, 31 selected participants who were at a moderate level of attitude and exercise practice joined the workplace exercise program for two months. Participants’ exercise behavior and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice before and after joining the program were analyzed using an independent t-test. The physical fitness and work attitude were examined. Results: The results show that the university workers who participated in the program had an adjustment in exercise behavior after engaging in WE with a high level of knowledge, attitude (3.14+.18) and exercise practice (3.32+.31). In addition, we found that programs improved physical fitness with a significant increase in resting heart rate and leg strength (p<0.05). A direct relationship between work attitude and physical fitness after adapting intervention were revealed with work attitude in 3.35+.44 high agreement. Conclusion: The results correspond to earlier studies on exercise factors with the increasing exercise behavior level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. The WE is important for university workers. Therefore, the developed WE in the workplace increased the health and work attitude. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords workplace exercise, exercise behaviors, exercise psychology, physical activity, public health, university, physical fitness, work attitude Corresponding Author(s) Aungkana Boonsem ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Aungkana Boonsem Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi provided the funding to Aungkana Boonsem for this research with grant number SoLA2564201. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2023 Boonsem A et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Boonsem A, Malarat A and Na Phatthalung A. Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 ) First published: 21 Mar 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 ) Latest published: 21 Mar 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 ) Introduction Increasing workplace exercise (WE) has received a lot of attention over the years in learning and sharing health information because during working hours that employees were confronted with health problems. 1 – 3 However, physically active workers are more productive than those who are inactive and overweight. Therefore, poor worker health indicates reduced performance and increased expenses of company. This is the key reason why many worldwide employers have begun focusing on addressing aspects of their workers' health and considering numerous health programs or fitness activities. 4 – 8 In universities of Bangkok, employees often sit at their desks during working hours without engaging in exercise. Therefore, universities are considering a proper workplace fitness program to reduce indirect health-care costs and promote good health. Workplace exercise encourages individual workers to develop healthy behaviors that then leads to lower costs and increased productivity. 9 – 11 At any age, physical activity is valuable to health. The target of such healthcare inventions is to improve worker fitness and not just simply to reduce the risks. It is evident that a person who is physically fit can perform better at work and withstand workload pressures over-time, and thus be more productive compared to an unfit person. 12 This paradigm shift is noticeable across many organizations as they strive to be completely health focused companies. 13 This research is useful for universities given the performance impact of physical activity at the workplace and for the promotion of health and wellness among workers. However, understanding the factors on exercise behavior (knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice) related to physical activity among workers is important to establishing an effective WE program. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict the behavioral factors related to physical fitness among university workers and assessed the effectiveness of workplace exercise (WE) in a health promotion program for university workers to improve health and attitudes to work performance. Methods Study design This was a prospective, randomized, uncontrolled study, classified as quasi-experimental research using Taro Yamane 14 with a single group of workers who used the two-month health promotion program at King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand. The periods of recruitment and data collection were done in three months. Then, the exercise behavior, physical fitness and work attitude of participants were determined. Participants This study was conducted among employees in KMUTT. We announced the research in the university’s public relations brochures, and the details of criteria for participation were included. Participants could be anyone who had worked in KMUTT for at least a year, had no health problems and would be able to join the two-month program. The research guidelines and instructions for applying were also included. There were two stages of recruitment ( Figure 1 ). The first stages of recruitment involved the determination of the exercise behavioral factors. After calculation of the sample size by substituting the numbers into the Yamane formula, there was only a sample size of 88 university workers. To obtain reliable data, the researcher increased the sample size to 93 workers out of a total of 753 purposive sampling with any age and mixed gender to evaluate exercise behaviors. In the second stage, healthy workers who had moderate agreement with exercise attitudes and moderate frequency of exercise practice in exercise behavior were selected for the assessment of health promotion program on physical fitness and work attitudes. Therefore, only 31 out of 93 workers were recruited before verifying the work attitude after finishing the program. In addition, they had not previously participated in any programs in six months. Figure 1. Study design in the effect of health promotion program on physical fitness and work attitude. However, the exclusion criteria included having any illness before starting the program. No participant withdrew from the study due to illness. Health promotion program There were three WE sessions that were created by human resources at KMUTT including 1) Body combat, Aerobic dance, and Yoga; 2) Running and 3) Fitness that were offered to university workers. The details of this program were explained to participants and each took one session and engaged in the program for two months. The sessions were composed of exercises done individually and in pairs for 30 minutes a day for three days a week, after office hours. Data collection 1. Variables studied 1. Independent variables: gender, age 2. Transmission variables: exercise behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) and WE interventions. 3. Dependent variables: Physical fitness (body mass index, resting heart rate, vital capacity, sit and reach, hand grip strength and leg strength) and work attitude. 2. Research tools There were two tools used for data collection in this research. The questionnaires measured the exercise behaviors and work attitudes of university workers at King Mongkut's University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. In addition, various health measurement tools were used to measure levels of physical fitness and survey the work attitudes of selected workers. Section 1: A questionnaire on exercise behaviors was determined and reviewed by five experts in behavioral science and sports science in terms of accuracy, suitability, usefulness, and possibility as adapted from a previous article of Boonsem, A. 15 The questionnaire has been validated and the reliability is typically assessed using test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability or internal consistency. Participants were given the questionnaires before and after joining the health promotion program. The questionnaire format consisted of the following aspects. Part 1: General information: gender and age Part 2: Exercise behaviors of university workers: 1. Knowledge: A scale was used in the questionnaire to specify the level of knowledge based on the following criteria: High (66.68-100%), Moderate (33.34-66.67%), and Low (0-33.33%). 2. Attitudes: A scale was used in the questionnaire to specify the level of the agreement or disagreement based on the following criteria: High (3.00-4.00) Moderate (2.00-2.99) and Low (1.00-1.99). 3. Exercise practice: A scale was used in the questionnaire to specify the level of the exercise frequency based on the following criteria: High (3.00-4.00) Moderate (2.00-2.99) and Low (1.00-1.99). Section 2: The tools used to measure physical fitness were based on the Standards of Physical Fitness for the People, as used by the Bureau of Sports Science, the Department of Physical Education and the Ministry of Tourism and Sports, 2019. These consisted of the following five items: 16 1. Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to evaluate body proportion by using body weight and height measurements. 2. Pulse rate is used to measure the resting heart rate in the number of heart beats per minute. 3. Volume Lung capacity is used to measure the volume change of the lung between a full inspiration to total lung capacity. 4. Sit and Reach is used to assess weakness in the lower back and rear thighs by bending the knees and body to extend arms forward as far as possible and record the distance. 5. Hand grip strength is used to evaluate the muscle strength and lower arms by the hand grip dynamometer and recording the force in kilograms. 6. Leg strength is used to determine leg strength by dynamometer. Section 3: A questionnaire on work attitude was determined. 17 A scale was used in the questionnaire to specify the level of work attitude based on the following criteria: High (3.00-4.00) Moderate (2.00-2.99) and Low (1.00-1.99) Data analysis The data obtained from the questionnaires and physical fitness were analyzed and divided into the following categories: 1. The data concerning the general background of the subjects were calculated and presented in terms of frequency distribution (n), percentage (%), mean ( X ¯ ) and standard deviation (SD). 2. The statistical methods used in the study were on the factors affecting the exercise behavior that influenced the performance of the body (physical fitness) as an independent t-test. The statistical significance was at a level of p< 0.05. Ethical considerations This research has been reviewed and approved for research ethics committee, School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (ID SoLA-EA-2020-1-008). Written informed consent was obtained from participants who were told that their data will be used and published in the consent form. Results Study characteristics The gender, age, exercise behaviors and knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice for 93 university workers are shown in Table 1 . The overall percentage of knowledge is 88.92±19.08 in high level of knowledge, while the exercise attitude is 2.99 ± 0.34 in moderate agreement of attitude and exercise practice is 2.89 ± 0.65 in moderate frequency of practice. The raw data can be found under Underlying data. 42 Table 1. General information and exercise behavior levels of university workers. Information Level Remarks Gender Female 49 (52.69%) Male 44 (47.31%) Age 21-30 25 (26.89%) 31-40 23 (24.73%) 41-50 15 (16.13%) 51-60 20 (21.51%) 60+ 10 (10.75%) Exercise behavior 1. Per knowledge 88.92 + 19.08 High level of knowledge Low 4 (4.30%) Moderate 5 (5.38%) High 84 (90.32%) 2. Attitude 2.99 + 0.34 Moderate agreement Low 1 (1.08%) Moderate 88 (94.62%) High 4 (4.30%) 3. Exercise practice 2.89 + 0.65 Moderate frequency Low 15 (16.13%) Moderate 70 (75.27%) High 8 (8.60%) Exercise behavior levels before and after engaging in the exercise program After assessment of the exercise behavior, a total of 31 out of 93 participants with moderate agreement with exercise attitudes and moderate frequency of exercise practice were selected. They consisted of 9 males (29.0%) and 22 females (71.0%), however, most of the workers were female, which justified the fact that a high population of females working in the university have awareness of health. The age of selected workers in the program between 21-30 years consisted of 13 workers (41.9%), 31-40 years were 10 workers (32.3%), 41-50 years were 7 workers (22.6%) and 51-60 years for 1 worker (3.2%). In terms of clarifying the exercise behavior after the engagement program, the results of t-test analyses comparing exercise behaviors in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and exercise practice before and after the engagement program are shown in Table 2 . The data showed a significant increase in attitude and exercise practice, with a statistical significance at a level of 0.05. The adjustment on exercise attitude from 2.96 to 3.14 out of 4.00, indicated moderate to high level of attitude to exercise as well as the change from 2.96 to 3.32 in exercise practice, from the moderate level to the high level in terms of exercise practice. However, increases in knowledge at a high level were shown to have no effect after engaging in the program. Table 2. Exercise behavior before and after the program. Exercise behavior Before After t p-value x ¯ SD x ¯ SD Per knowledge 95.16 6.77 95.45 6.08 -1.680 0.052 Attitude 2.96 .29 3.14 .18 -5.657 <0.01 Exercise practice 2.96 .60 3.32 .31 -5.173 <0.01 Effects of programs on physical fitness The analysis of the paired t-test was computed and the results of programs affecting physical fitness for university workers was presented in Table 3 . A comparison of physical fitness before and after engaging in the program indicated body mass index, vital capacity, sit and reach and hand grid strength had no significantt change. However, there was a significant increase in resting heart rate and leg strength with a statistical significance of.05 as shown in Table 3 . In addition, the results of WE interventions showed that resting heart rate, vital capacity, sit and reach, hand grip strength and leg strength demonstrated that the average level of physical fitness improved with a decrease in resting heart rate and increased vital capacity, sit and reach, hand grip strength and leg strength with no appearance in BMI. Table 3. Physical fitness before and after the program. Physical fitness Before After t p-value x ¯ SD x ¯ SD Body mass index 23.93 4.09 24.31 3.78 -1.037 .154 Resting heart rate 82.38 14.25 77.51 9.89 2.787 .005 Vital capacity 2009.67 631.58 2051.61 662.25 -.800 .215 Sit and reach 8.34 8.59 8.76 8.37 -.849 .202 Hand grip strength 28.05 8.59 28.19 8.33 -.231 .410 Leg strength 81.45 40.77 100.41 39.22 -4.375 <0.01 Effect of the program on attitudes to work After an analysis of data after engaging in program on work performance, the results found that the overall work attitude levels of university workers were 3.35±.44 with high agreement terms of work attitude, as shown in Table 4 . Table 4. Work attitude after engaging in a physical exercise program. Topic Level Remark I feel more productive at work 3.32±65 High agreement I feel more relaxed 3.52±.51 High agreement I feel able to think more clearly about work-related problems 3.23±.67 High agreement I feel that I concentrate better on my tasks at work 3.23±.59 High agreement I feel that I enjoy my work more 3.26±.68 High agreement I feel that I can relate better to my co-workers 3.48±.63 High agreement I feel more efficient at work 3.39+.50 High agreement Overall 3.35±.44 High agreement Discussion The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral factors related to physical fitness among university workers and assess the effectiveness of workplace exercise (WE) in a health promotion program construct for university workers and its influence on health-related and work-related attitudes. In the area of occupational health related to WE, this area study occurred due to the need to launch a worker health-promotion used in various locations. 18 , 19 Therefore, in this regard, the behavior of the outcomes studied after two months of the workplace exercise program were observed, where each employee has the measurement compared in the initial and final moments and then to illustrate and investigate the importance of exercise behavior, physical fitness, and worker attitudes. To understand better why adult individuals do not engage in exercise is important to professionals who develop behavior-changing interventions. Firstly, the present study was the identification of the factors for exercise behavior among university employees by reinforcing and developing the performance of the WE program at universities in Thailand. The results of exercise behavior showed that age and gender had no effect on level of knowledge among university workers at a high level. However, the results of moderate attitude levels and exercise practice agreed with previous studies on theoretical assumptions of the health action process approach. 20 In terms of the theory of changing exercise behavior based on the transtheoretical model, the exercise behavior is mentioned above and inspired an interesting study. The promotion of exercise behavior is a potential solution for physical inactivity problems among university workers. The factors understanding impacts on university workers exercise behavior is crucial for university exercise promoting intervention. We argued that general exercise factors cannot comprehensively clarify exercise behavior of university workers in a specific university context. 21 Therefore, this study determined the factors of 31 selected university workers with moderate attitude levels and exercise practice after engaging in the program. The current results confirmed and extended earlier studies on exercise factors with the increasing exercise behavior level in terms of knowledge, attitude, and exercise practice. In addition, we also confirmed that the exercise factors in the workplace are enjoyment, perceived health, competence, and available time. In accordance with Dishman et al. who recommended that strong factors of exercise participation are behavioral skills, perception of good health, self-motivation, and leisure time. 22 We also established that influence of friends and colleagues are also determinants for the exercise behavior of university workers, as shown in earlier findings where people in both home and work environments demonstrated another robust correlation of exercise behavior. 23 , 24 Besides that, there were three factors (work pace, company policy, and work burden) that extended the exercise factor in studies in a workplace and in a site-specific manner. The factor of work environment also needs to be considered as an important factor in workplace exercise behavior promoting programs. In addition, this finding is supported by several previous studies, in which individuals who perceived more barriers to the exercise were less likely to engage in this behavior. 25 , 26 Pender et al. focused on a perceived barrier as an essential mediator of the motivational readiness of individuals to develop healthier behavior. 27 In other studies, perceived barriers predicted physical activity behavior. 28 , 29 In order to promote WE, it is necessary to solve the perceived barriers, which can be defined as predictive. This study also showed the valuable effects of commitment to action planning and self-efficacy. The previous evidence demonstrated the relationship between a plan of action and maintaining self-efficacy on one hand, and exercise behavior on the other. 30 In Laffrey, indicating Bandura, it was noted that the perception of self-efficacy influenced the emotional arousal, thoughts, and actions of the individual, and the higher the level perceived efficacy for a behavior, it is more likely that they will accomplish such behavior. 31 Moreover, in accordance with our study, numerous studies have shown that perceived self-efficacy has been the best predictor variable for actual exercise activity. 32 , 33 Therefore, strategies for enhancing efficacy in practice through motivational counseling interviews and focus group discussions for strengthening self-efficacy, could lead to more effective health promotion programs for university employees and should be considered in developed interventions. 34 Among the outcomes studied in terms of the relationship between exercise behaviors and physical fitness, significant differences are noted between the initial and final evaluations in terms of a resting heart rate (p<0.005) and leg strength (p<0.01). A high level of exercise behavior in terms of knowledge, attitudes and exercise among university workers effected on physical fitness in terms of resting heart rate, vital capacity, sit and reach, hand grip strength and leg strength. However, there was no effect on body mass index, because the factors of diet had also affected their physical fitness. However, the studies that researched the effects of WE on body mass, muscle force and flexibility have found benefits. 35 , 36 The exercise behavior of university workers were stimulated, and it encouraged them to develop strong muscles, flexibility, and endurance of the circulatory system to adjust the exercise behavior of university workers with the aim of developing a healthy body. In terms of BMI, the fat reduction affected their body mass index after exercise routines and regarding consumption behavior. 37 A balanced diet, controlled portions and the amount of food is also an important factor in determining BMI. 38 Workers who engaged in the program had a low resting heart rate confirming the effectiveness of the WE program on the performance of the heart system and blood circulation. Although leg strength improved after the program, the flexibility, strength and endurance of the leg muscles in sit and reach need to develop physically continuous support of a body motion on a continuous basis and causing physiological adaptations tends to increase muscle strength and results in smoother movements. 39 In order to increase hand grip strength, the training required an increase in the strength and endurance of the arm muscles, but the development machine exercise focused on gross motor skills and the improvement of arm muscle abilities. 40 Therefore, the data indicated that exercise behaviors were related to physical fitness as well as the ability to manage their environment, mental states, perception, and influence in determining the abilities of the individuals. The habit of exercise routines in behavioral practice increased their knowledge and attitude to fitness as importance and regarding practice on a daily basis. In addition, the results demonstrated university workers who are in good physical fitness have a high level of exercise behavior. The study stated that subjective health would mediate the physical exercise and work attitude relationship. The results of the study identified a positive mediation of subjective health to work attitudes. The participants who engaged in physical exercise experience increased their feelings of well-being. 41 The health status of employees directly influenced their on-the-job performance and improved employee well-being, which results in a more productive workforce. 17 In terms of the gap in the relationship between workplace exercise program in physical fitness to the attitudes or university workers in Bangkok, Thailand, this study suggested that some physical activity programs are effective beyond direct health benefits. The design of an intervention benefits from a multidisciplinary team with different perspectives to set of goals. Such work has great potential to make a large impact on the health and well-being of university workers by intervening and making highly beneficial lifestyle changes. Conclusion The achieved outcomes indicated that physical exercise levels are positively impacted by fitness and worker’s productivity. The measured results improved job attitudes through enrollment in the exercise program by employees. In addition, this study showed that there is a direct relationship between work attitude and physical fitness after adapting exercise behaviors by WE program. In general, workers who participated in WE interventions had more self-confidence and concentration at work, and the physical activity can reduce stress and depression while under pressure in the workplace. However, the limitation of this research is the data on health problems because workplace exercise increases health of workers and reduces the cost of treating illness. Furthermore, introducing a workplace policy to provide university workers with subsidized gym/recreation memberships or fitness counseling are an effective way to increase and support worker physical activity and to reduce barriers to physical exercise, such as cost. Data availability Underlying data Figshare: Raw data. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22122374.v3 . 42 This project contains the following underlying data: - raw.data.xlsx [data on exercise behaviors and physical fitness] Extended data This project contains the following extended data: - Questionnaire Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge school of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut's University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand for all their support. References 1. Kelly F: Guidelines on improving the physical fitness of employees. WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2000. 2. 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Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Mar 2023 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand 2 Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakarinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, 26120, Thailand 3 College of Teacher Education, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand Aungkana Boonsem Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Anan Malarat Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Aditep Na Phatthalung Roles: Data Curation, Investigation Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information School of Liberal Arts, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi provided the funding to Aungkana Boonsem for this research with grant number SoLA2564201. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 21 Mar 2023, 12:311 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 Copyright © 2023 Boonsem A et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Boonsem A, Malarat A and Na Phatthalung A. Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.131604.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Mar 2023 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Chen S. Reviewer Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r222155 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1#referee-response-222155 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 06 May 2025 Sitong Chen , Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r222155 I appreciate the opportunity to review this manuscript. This study sheds light on workers’ physical fitness and attitudes in worker performance, highlighting the significance of workplace exercise for university workers. Here are a few suggestions to bolster the quality of ... Continue reading READ ALL I appreciate the opportunity to review this manuscript. This study sheds light on workers’ physical fitness and attitudes in worker performance, highlighting the significance of workplace exercise for university workers. Here are a few suggestions to bolster the quality of your manuscript: The introduction could benefit from further refinement. Aim for a clear and coherent structure. Elaborate more in the introduction. For instance, discuss the current state of worker’s physical fitness and identify research gaps in existing studies. The manuscript mentions that the study is focused on universities in Bangkok, but it lacks context or background information explaining the relevance of this specific setting to the study. Strengthen the rationale of this study. Include information on how the sample size was calculated. Provide more details about the Health promotion program, such as the content, the procedure of exercise training, who delivered the program, and the timeline of delivery. Include information on the reliability and validity of the measures used in your manuscript (either references or reliability and validity coefficients). Provide more detailed information about the measures. For example, what tool was used to assess physical fitness, how was it assessed, and when was it assessed? Present the statistical analysis in more detail. The current data analysis strategy does not sufficiently explore your research aim (follow data analysis of intervention study). Did you analyse any covariates? Given the limitations of the methods, the results section should be improved following a more comprehensive data analysis. The discussion section could use a clearer organization and structure. It’s currently difficult to follow the logical flow of ideas, which makes it challenging for the reader to understand the key findings and their implications. The discussion briefly mentions the results related to exercise behaviour and physical fitness, but it lacks a thorough analysis of the observed differences and their practical implications. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physical Activity Promotion I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Chen S. Reviewer Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r222155 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1#referee-response-222155 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Keating XD. Reviewer Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r173839 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1#referee-response-173839 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 23 Jun 2023 Xiaofen D. Keating , Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r173839 I fully understand how difficult to conduct an experimental study on changing people's behaviors and attitudes. However, this study has nothing new and is not guided by any theory. The literature review was not adequately done in the introduction section. ... Continue reading READ ALL I fully understand how difficult to conduct an experimental study on changing people's behaviors and attitudes. However, this study has nothing new and is not guided by any theory. The literature review was not adequately done in the introduction section. There is a lack of evidence concerning the instruments used to measure the targeted variables such as knowledge and attitudes. The fatal flaws in the research design cannot be overcome by using different statistical analyses. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: fitness testing, health-related behavior change, participants in higher education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Keating XD. Reviewer Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r173839 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1#referee-response-173839 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Mar 2023 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 21 Mar 23 read read Xiaofen D. Keating , The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA Sitong Chen , Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Chen S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 06 May 2025 | for Version 1 Sitong Chen , Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia 0 Views copyright © 2025 Chen S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I appreciate the opportunity to review this manuscript. This study sheds light on workers’ physical fitness and attitudes in worker performance, highlighting the significance of workplace exercise for university workers. Here are a few suggestions to bolster the quality of your manuscript: The introduction could benefit from further refinement. Aim for a clear and coherent structure. Elaborate more in the introduction. For instance, discuss the current state of worker’s physical fitness and identify research gaps in existing studies. The manuscript mentions that the study is focused on universities in Bangkok, but it lacks context or background information explaining the relevance of this specific setting to the study. Strengthen the rationale of this study. Include information on how the sample size was calculated. Provide more details about the Health promotion program, such as the content, the procedure of exercise training, who delivered the program, and the timeline of delivery. Include information on the reliability and validity of the measures used in your manuscript (either references or reliability and validity coefficients). Provide more detailed information about the measures. For example, what tool was used to assess physical fitness, how was it assessed, and when was it assessed? Present the statistical analysis in more detail. The current data analysis strategy does not sufficiently explore your research aim (follow data analysis of intervention study). Did you analyse any covariates? Given the limitations of the methods, the results section should be improved following a more comprehensive data analysis. The discussion section could use a clearer organization and structure. It’s currently difficult to follow the logical flow of ideas, which makes it challenging for the reader to understand the key findings and their implications. The discussion briefly mentions the results related to exercise behaviour and physical fitness, but it lacks a thorough analysis of the observed differences and their practical implications. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Physical Activity Promotion I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Chen S. Peer Review Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r222155) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/12-311/v1#referee-response-222155 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2023 Keating X. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 23 Jun 2023 | for Version 1 Xiaofen D. Keating , Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA 0 Views copyright © 2023 Keating X. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I fully understand how difficult to conduct an experimental study on changing people's behaviors and attitudes. However, this study has nothing new and is not guided by any theory. The literature review was not adequately done in the introduction section. There is a lack of evidence concerning the instruments used to measure the targeted variables such as knowledge and attitudes. The fatal flaws in the research design cannot be overcome by using different statistical analyses. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise fitness testing, health-related behavior change, participants in higher education I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Keating XD. Peer Review Report For: Enhancing workplace exercise and physical fitness: university workers’ attitudes [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2023, 12 :311 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.144461.r173839) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. 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