Efficacy of current swine influenza vaccine in Spain

Efficacy of current swine influenza vaccine in Spain | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 5 February 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Efficacy of current swine influenza vaccine in Spain Authors : Paloma Encinas 0000-0001-9596-8070 , Aitor Nogales , Martha Nelson , Adolfo Garcia-Sastre , and Gustavo del Real 0000-0002-8171-2274 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173876764.41253945/v1 602 views 181 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Background Swine influenza causes significant economic losses worldwide, making it one of the top three health challenges affecting the swine industry. In addition, swine influenza viruses can cross species barriers and infect humans, posing serious public health risks. Vaccination is an essential tool for controlling the severity of the disease in swine and its spillover risk to humans. Due to the high antigenic variability of influenza A viruses (IAV) as a result of mutation and genomic reassortment, it is necessary to update vaccine strains to better match and neutralize circulating viruses at a given time and place. In this study we tested the efficacy of current swine influenza vaccines against influenza A viruses circulating in Spain. Methods Sera from mice immunized with swine influenza vaccines are tested against swine influenza A strains circulating in Spain using a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) serological assay. Results Current swine influenza vaccines show variable protective efficacy depending on the type of circulating swine IAV. Protective HI antibody titers (≥1/40) are induced against some field virus isolates of the Eurasian avian-like H1 (EaswH1) and human seasonal-like (huswH1) lineages, while no protection is obtained against other recent virus isolates of these lineages. Similarly, the vaccine does not protect against field virus isolates of recent porcine H3 lineages of human origin. Conclusions The high antigenic variability of circulating swine influenza A viruses circulating in Spain requires updating vaccines to match new viral variants, not only to increase neutralizing antibody titers, but also to include newly emerging strains that have been omitted in current vaccine formulations. Supplementary Material File (figures sw flu vaccine spain.docx) Download 1.49 MB File (sw flu vaccine spain.docx) Download 559.25 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 05 February 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords influenza swine vaccine Authors Affiliations Paloma Encinas 0000-0001-9596-8070 Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria View all articles by this author Aitor Nogales Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal View all articles by this author Martha Nelson National Institutes of Health View all articles by this author Adolfo Garcia-Sastre Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Microbiology View all articles by this author Gustavo del Real 0000-0002-8171-2274 [email protected] Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 602 views 181 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Paloma Encinas, Aitor Nogales, Martha Nelson, et al. Efficacy of current swine influenza vaccine in Spain. Authorea . 05 February 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173876764.41253945/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); Cited by Paloma Encinas, Aitor Nogales, Martha I. Nelson, Adolfo García-Sastre, Gustavo del Real, Cross-reactivity between antibodies induced by European swine influenza vaccines and Spanish swine influenza strains, Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 12 , (2026). https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1725563 Crossref Loading... View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.173876764.41253945/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9ff8029028ff0db4',t:'MTc3OTQxMjk0OA=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();