Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review

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Hypnotherapy, a therapeutic technique that induces a trance-like state to promote focused attention and suggestibility, has shown promise in treating such conditions. This scoping review explores the existing evidence on hypnotherapy’s efficacy in managing psychosomatic disorders. Method A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and grey literature for studies published between 2019 and 2025. Keywords included hypnotherapy, psychosomatic disorders, and names of all psychosomatic disorders like asthma, fibromyalgia, and etc. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included, and non professional hypnosis was excluded. Results Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, covering conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic pain, diabetes, vaginismus. According to a study, hypnotherapy can noticeably lessen anxiety and depression in patients after a few sessions, 1 improve their quality of life 2 and alleviate rumination and other psychological symptoms. 3 Conclusion Hypnotherapy appears to be a viable adjunctive treatment for psychosomatic disorders, though further high-quality research is needed to establish standardized protocols and long-term efficacy. 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F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] Shima Maserrat https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4081-1080 Shima Maserrat https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4081-1080 PUBLISHED 15 Sep 2025 Author details Author details faculty of medicine, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran Shima Maserrat Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background Psychosomatic disorders, characterized by physical symptoms exacerbated or caused by psychological factors, present significant challenges in clinical management. Hypnotherapy, a therapeutic technique that induces a trance-like state to promote focused attention and suggestibility, has shown promise in treating such conditions. This scoping review explores the existing evidence on hypnotherapy’s efficacy in managing psychosomatic disorders. Method A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and grey literature for studies published between 2019 and 2025. Keywords included hypnotherapy, psychosomatic disorders, and names of all psychosomatic disorders like asthma, fibromyalgia, and etc. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included, and non professional hypnosis was excluded. Results Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, covering conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic pain, diabetes, vaginismus. According to a study, hypnotherapy can noticeably lessen anxiety and depression in patients after a few sessions, 1 improve their quality of life 2 and alleviate rumination and other psychological symptoms. 3 Conclusion Hypnotherapy appears to be a viable adjunctive treatment for psychosomatic disorders, though further high-quality research is needed to establish standardized protocols and long-term efficacy. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Keywords: Hypnotherapy, Psychosomatic Disorders, IBS, Chronic Pain, Anxiety Corresponding Author(s) Shima Maserrat ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Shima Maserrat Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Maserrat S. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Maserrat S. Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 ) First published: 15 Sep 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 ) Latest published: 15 Sep 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 ) Introduction Psychosomatic diseases are frequently caused by emotional and psychological factors that contribute significantly to the development of symptoms such as functional gastrointestinal disorders, fibromyalgia, and tension headaches. 4 Conventional treatments for psychosomatic illnesses include pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, they frequently focus on symptom management rather than addressing underlying psychological factors, which results in high rates of treatment resistance and patient dissatisfaction. 5 Emerging evidence indicates that hypnotherapy might be a useful supplementary intervention that involves purposefully inducing a hypnotic condition in a patient through verbal guidance. 6 It may impact autonomic nervous system regulation, pain sensation, and emotional processing, making it a potential therapeutic approach for psychosomatic diseases. 7 For example, gut-directed hypnotherapy has been shown to alleviate IBS symptoms, with some studies reporting sustained benefits for years after treatment. 8 However, the evidence is fragmented across disciplines, with different methodologies, groups, and outcome indicators. Previous systematic reviews have concentrated mostly on specific illnesses (e.g. IBS or chronic pain), failing to investigate the larger applications and mechanisms of hypnotherapy across psychosomatic illnesses. Given the heterogeneous nature of both psychosomatic conditions and hypnotherapy interventions, a scoping review is the most appropriate method to map the existing evidence, identify key concepts, and highlight gaps in research. Unlike a systematic review, which aims to aggregate and assess the efficacy of interventions, a scoping review allows for a broader exploration of how hypnotherapy is being studied, the theoretical frameworks employed, and the range of outcomes reported. This approach is particularly valuable when the field lacks consensus on optimal intervention protocols or when a comprehensive overview is needed to guide future research directions. Thus, this scoping review aims to: 1. Examine the extent and nature of research on hypnotherapy for psychosomatic disorders. 2. Identify key mechanisms, delivery methods, and outcomes reported in the literature. 3. Highlight gaps in knowledge to inform future systematic reviews or clinical trials. By synthesizing available evidence in this manner, this review will provide a foundation for understanding the potential role of hypnotherapy in managing psychosomatic conditions while guiding researchers and clinicians toward more targeted investigations. Objectives 1. Synthesize evidence on hypnotherapy’s application across psychosomatic conditions. 2. Evaluate mechanisms (e.g., neurophysiological pathways) and delivery methods. 3. Highlight gaps for systematic reviews or RCTs. Method This scoping review adheres to PRISMA-ScR checklist (Appendix A) and the guidelines of Arksey, O’Malley, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram for the scoping review titled ‘Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders’. The diagram shows the process of study selection. 1250 records were identified from databases and registers. 0 additional records were identified through other sources. After removing 0 duplicates, 1250 records were screened. 1220 records were excluded, leaving 30 reports sought for retrieval. 0 reports were not retrieved, so 30 reports were assessed for eligibility. 0 reports were excluded for specific reasons, resulting in 30 studies included in the review. The criteria for eligibility included primary research that examined the impact of hypnotherapy on psychosomatic illnesses. One reviewer independently screened studies in databases including PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, MDPI, and grey literature from 2019 to 2025. This study comprised studies centered on hypnotherapy for psychosomatic illnesses, such as IBS, fibromyalgia, asthma. A descriptive analytical narrative approach was used to conduct a critical analysis of the included articles. Keywords included hypnotherapy, psychosomatic disorders, IBS, chronic pain, vaginismus and Boolean operators used were: (hypnotherapy AND psychosomatic disorders) OR (hypnotherapy AND IBS). Inclusion Criteria: RCTs/observational studies on professional hypnotherapy- Adults/children with diagnosed psychosomatic conditions (e.g., IBS, migraines). Exclusion Criteria: Self-hypnosis or non-clinical interventions- Purely psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia). And Data Extraction was based on: 1. Variables: study design, population, intervention, outcomes (e.g., symptom severity, QoL) - 2. Tools: PICO framework (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). Quality Assessment was based on:1. JBI Critical Appraisal Tools for RCTs and cohort studies - 2. Risk of bias assessed via Cochrane RoB 2.0. 9 Results Between 2019 and 2025, 1,250 records were Identified and 30 met inclusion criteria. Thirty articles were published that met the inclusion criteria. Hypnotherapy was most frequently applied to IBS, with gut-directed hypnotherapy being the predominant technique. Key outcomes included a better quality of life and less anxiety. There was little evidence for dermatological or respiratory issues. The keywords used for research were: hypnotherapy, and/or, psychosomatic disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Functional Dyspepsia, Eczema, Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Vaginismus, Migraine, Asthma, Hypertension. The inclusion criteria were based on: -Studies involving participants diagnosed with psychosomatic disorders (e. g., irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic pain, hypertension, psoriasis, tension headaches, functional gastrointestinal disorders) - Studies evaluating hypnotherapy (defined as guided hypnosis for therapeutic purposes, delivered by trained professionals). - Both standalone hypnotherapy and adjunctive use with other treatments. e.g., CBT, pharmacotherapy were included. Studies published in (2019–2025) Exclusion criteria based on: - Studies on purely psychiatric disorders (e. g., schizophrenia, major depressive disorder without somatic symptoms) - Animal studies or in vitro research. Studies using self-hypnosis without professional guidance. Rationale: Professional hypnotherapy ensures standardized, clinically relevant interventions. As summarized in Table 1 , key studies demonstrate hypnotherapy’s efficacy across diverse psychosomatic conditions, with notable improvements in IBS, chronic pain, and vaginismus. Table 1. Overview of included studies. Author, Year Location Population Main finding Shayesteh et al. 2023 2 Ardabil, Iran All patients with chronic pain disorder in Tehran in 2019 ShortTerm Dynamic Psychotherapy is more effective compared to hypnotherapy Fouladi et al. 2019 3 Tehran, Iran Patients who were referred to gastroenterology clinics in Tehran The variable scores of symptoms severity and rumination in experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (p > 0.05) Khazraee et al. 2023 10 Tehran, Iran 38 females with chronic migraine Mindful hypnotherapy is a feasible and effective treatment for chronic migraine Sasegbon et al. 2022 17 Manchester, UK Forty-four Asian patients with IBS Reduction in IBS abdominal pain Vasant et al. 2020 18 Manchester, UK 32 young patients with severe IBS Reduction in IBS and Non-colonic symptoms Improvement of quality of life,anxiety,depression Soleimani et al. 2021 19 Urmia, Iran 30 patients with irritable bowel syndrome referred to gastroenterologists Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy can be effective in improving patients with irritable bowel syndrome Picó Carela et al. 2024 21 Santiago de Cuba, Cuba 25 participants aged 18 to 65 with moderate persistent asthma A notable improvement in psychological symptoms and somatic manifestations of asthma was observed Ghorashi et al. 2020 22 Tehran, Iran All men aged 41-61 with type 2 diabetes in Tehran Hypnotherapy have significant effect on perceived stress And there wasno difference between the effects of the two treatments (P < 0/001) Saeedmanesh et al. 2020 23 Yazd, Iran All 8–to 12–years–old children with diabetes referring to diabetes treatment centers in Shiraz City, Iran Reduction in overall anxiety, social phobia, social anxiety, school phobia Dehestani et al. 2022 24 Tehran, Iran 20 women who went to midwifery and women's clinics and had the criteria for dyspareunia The effectiveness of hypnotherapy on the ability of sexual selfconcept and ultimately the sexual function of women in this study was confirmed with regard to the findings Tastan et al. 2021 25 Erzurum, Turkey 35 patients with primary vaginismus Similar high success rates of Hypnotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy in the treatment of vaginismus. success may be achieved with fewer sessions with hypnotherapy Kolbadinejad et al. 2022 30 Gorgan, Iran 9 women with fibromyalgia syndrome who referred to rheumatology clinic Combined therapy of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy increased sexual satisfaction in women with fibromyalgia syndrome more than cognitive-behavioral therapy Here are some of the Key Findings by Condition that were present in the studies based on the inclusion criteria. Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is a window into the mind that allows people to cope more effectively with their psychological stress and mental distress caused by mental abilities. It also offers important clinical information about the patient’s cognitive style and relationship with mental potential (d = 0.65). 2 Hypnotherapy has been shown to reduce dysmenorrhea even after cessation of intervention, 8 , 10 – 12 clinical hypnosis is effective for treating headaches and migraines while being free of side effects and the ongoing cost of widely used pharmacological therapies. It’s also fairly brief and cost-effective. 11 According to research on atopic dermatitis and eczema, hypnotherapy reduced itching and lesion severity. 12 Hypnosis and hypnotherapy are successful in treating anxiety and may have a beneficial impact on the heart and cardiovascular system by reducing sympathetic activation and increasing parasympathetic tone, maybe preventing the development of cardiovascular disease associated with sympathetic activation. 13 According to the statistics presented in articles related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), GFH resulted in substantial improvement in all colonic and noncolonic symptoms (OR = 3.1, p < 0.001). 14 – 16 Cognitive behavioral hypnosis promotes cognitive restructuring through suggestion in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and facilitates divergent thinking by affecting the components of open mindedness and expansion of awareness. Furthermore, due to the unique thinking they experience while under hypnosis, they are able to understand their thoughts and surrounding events more effectively. Furthermore, this distinctive thinking facilitates insight and reevaluation of underlying beliefs, resulting in improvement in psychosomatic symptoms and, eventually, improvement in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. 17 Hypnosis reduces a wide range of IBS symptoms, whereas medications typically focus on a single symptom, such as pain or bowel function. Furthermore, it frequently alleviates non-colonic symptoms that are unlikely to respond to medicine. In comparison to pharmacological treatments, gut-directed hypnosis has been found to have long-term effects. 18 After the intervention of hypnotherapy for treating asthma, expiratory dyspnea, intercostal retractions, and suprasternal retractions disappeared entirely, and none of the participants exhibited any of these clinical indicators (p < 0.0001). 19 In a study about effectiveness of hypnotherapy for diabetes, the group that received mindfulness and hypnotherapy reported a substantial decrease in perceived stress compared to the group that did not receive treatment. 20 In general, cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy has been shown to help children aged 8 to 12 who suffer from anxiety disorders. The results of this research corroborate those of prior research, demonstrating the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety types. Furthermore, children are more susceptible to hypnosis and enter a hypnotic state more readily than adults. However, as youngsters grow older, become more rational and realistic, their hypnotic skills decrease, thus this therapy method is useful for treating a variety of anxieties and other acquired disorders in children. 21 Hypnotherapy has had a positive and beneficial effect on the sexual function and arousal of women with dyspareunia, as well as their satisfaction and empowerment, which were apparent in their words and behaviors. 22 In a study about efficacy of hypnotherapy vs. CBT for vaginismus, both the hypnotherapy and CBT groups had equally good success rates. However, the hypnotherapy group needed considerably fewer sessions to achieve complete intercourse than the CBT group (p < 0.001). This discovery suggests that hypnotherapy may be a better choice for people who have no reservations about hypnosis and are anticipated to be noncompliant with therapy. It should also be remembered that a shorter duration of therapy will cut expenditures (p < 0.001). 23 Hypnosis, with its capacity to affect mind-body interactions, emerges as a possible therapy option for globus pharyngeus, especially in situations when traditional therapies have failed. 24 Hypnosis relaxation and self-management training boost self-confidence while providing an anxiety-free respite from stressful conditions. 25 According to a review of systematic reviews of psychological treatments, hypnotherapy and distraction have the greatest evidence of efficacy in lowering pain, including procedural pain and distress. 26 Hypnotherapy sessions are designed to alter a person’s thoughts, actions, and responses. This procedure can help with behavior modification, pain management, stress and anxiety reduction, sleep improvement, weight control, self-confidence development, and the treatment of other mental and physical challenges. 27 Patients who practice divergent thinking in a hypnotic state can better comprehend their surrounding thoughts and emotions. This unique thinking also promotes insight and the reformulation of basic beliefs. 28 Neurophysiologic studies in adults show that hypnotherapy can alleviate pain perception by modulating both the sensory (intensity) and affective (unpleasantness) components of pain, primarily through activating the anterior cingulate cortex. 29 , 30 In contrast, decreasing pain and suffering can promote healing and avoid biopsychosocial difficulties and their impact on families. 31 – 33 which indicates that readily hypnotizable individuals improved more in disease control. 34 Discussion The findings of this scoping review demonstrate that hypnotherapy shows considerable promise as an adjunctive treatment for various psychosomatic disorders, particularly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic pain, and stress-related conditions To our knowledge, there is limited published synthesis of the literature on hypnotherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic illnesses using scoping review methodology. The goal of the planned scoping review is to chart the evidence on hypnotherapy treatments for psychosomatic illnesses and to discover key areas in need of investigation, as well as research gaps that can be addressed in future studies. The outcomes of the assessment will be examined in connection to the planned research questions and objectives. The reviewed studies consistently reported improvements in both physical symptoms and psychological well-being following hypnotherapy interventions. However, several critical issues warrant further discussion to contextualize these findings and guide future research directions. Limitations This scoping review’s primary limitation is the exclusion of several publications that were unfortunately inaccessible but might have offered useful information. Other limitations include limited sample sizes (n < 50 in 60% of studies). and a lack of long-term follow-up (only 20% beyond 6 months), which doesn’t provide enough information in certain studies. 14 – 16 , 19 – 21 It is recommended that future research focus on large scale trials to demonstrate the efficacy of hypnosis in the treatment of psychosomatic illnesses and include follow-up studies over extended periods of time, as well as examining other characteristics and psychological approaches. 3 Future Directions should focus on: - Standardized protocols (e.g., session frequency). - Multicenter RCTs with active comparators (e.g., CBT). Conclusion The primary purpose of the scoping review is to look at the use of hypnotherapy in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases. The results of the review are expected to educate hypnotherapists, researchers, and health care professionals about existing research and drive future studies. We feel that the study will provide useful background information that may be used in the design and assessment of customized hypnotic techniques for treating psychosomatic illnesses. Current data suggests that hypnotherapy is helpful for psychosomatic diseases, notably IBS and chronic pain. Future research should focus on standardized protocols and comparative effectiveness trials. The synthesized findings suggest that hypnotherapy is a potential treatment for psychosomatic illnesses, notably IBS, chronic pain, and stress-related problems. It helps to alleviate symptoms while also supporting mental health, contributing to both symptom reduction and psychological wellbeing. This review synthesizes a growing body of evidence supporting hypnotherapy’s role in psychosomatic care, while underscoring the need for methodological rigor in future studies. By addressing current gaps, researchers can unlock its full potential as a mainstream therapeutic option. Hypnotherapy shows promise as an adjunctive treatment, particularly for IBS and chronic pain. Future research should prioritize protocol standardization and mechanistic studies. Ethical approval Not applicable (review study). Data availability statement The data supporting this scoping review are derived from publicly available studies cited in the reference list. No original datasets were generated. The completed PRISMA-ScR checklist is publicly available in the [Zenodo] repository and can be accessed via the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17041511 . 35 Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). References 1. Csaszar-Nagy I, Bokkon I: Hypnotherapy and IBS: Implicit, long-term stress memory in the ENS?. Heliyon. 2023; 9 : e12751. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 2. Shayesteh H, Narimani M, Fathi M: Comparison of the effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic therapy and hypnotherapy on the psychological distress of patients with chronic pain disorder. Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain. 2023; 14 (2): 75–86. 3. Fouladi N, Mohammadkhani S, Shahidi E, et al. : Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Symptoms Severity and Rumination of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Govaresh. 2019; 24 (3): 163–169. 4. Efremov A: Some aspects of the use of Hypnotherapy and Dehypnosis for the remission of psychosomatic diseases. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research. 2020; 10 (4): 158–161. Publisher Full Text 5. Löwe B, Levenson J, Depping M, et al. : Somatic symptom disorder: a scoping review on the empirical evidence. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 2022; 8 (1): 15. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 6. Rashidi Fakari F, Atarodi Kashani Z, Alizadeh S, et al. : Effect of Hypnosis in Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Journal of Pediatrics Review. 2023; 11 (1): 25–36. Publisher Full Text 7. Whorwell PJ: The history of hypnotherapy and its role in the irritable bowel syndrome. Front. Psychol. 2021; 12 : 602977. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Lindfors P, Unge P, Nyhlin H, et al. : Long-term effects of hypnotherapy in patients with refractory irritable bowel syndrome. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 2020; 115 (7): 1055–1068. Publisher Full Text 9. Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. : RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019; 366 : l4898. Publisher Full Text 10. Efremov A: ELIMINATING PSYCHOSOMATIC PAIN AND NEGATIVE EMOTIONS WITH DEHYPNOSIS. Journal Of Organizational Behavior Research. 2023; 8 (1): 1–11. Publisher Full Text 11. Khazraee H, Bakhtiari M, Kianimoghadam AS, et al. : The Effectiveness of Mindful Hypnotherapy on Psychological Inflexibility, Pain Acceptance, Headache Disability and Intensity in Females with Chronic Migraine Headache: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Life. 2023; 13 (1): 131. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 12. Rotter G, Teut M, Schleicher R, et al. : Hypnotherapy, Intermittent Fasting, and Exercise Group Programs in Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Controlled Explorative Clinical Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. 2023; 29 (2): 99–110. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 13. Leo DG, Keller SS, Proietti R: "Close your eyes and relax": the role of hypnosis in reducing anxiety, and its implications for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Front. Psychol. 2024; 15 : 1411835. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 14. Gieringer G, Park S: The effect of gut-directed hypnotherapy on alleviating symptoms of IBS in adults. James Madison University Physician Assistant Program Capstone; 2023. Reference Source 15. Sasegbon A, Hasan SS, Whorwell PJ, et al. : Experience and clinical efficacy of gut-directed hypnotherapy in an Asian population with refractory irritable bowel syndrome. JGH Open. 2022; 6 : 447–453. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 16. Vasant DH, Hasan SS, Cruickshanks P, et al. : Gut-focused hypnotherapy for children and adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome. Frontline Gastroenterology. 2021; 12 : 570–577. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 17. Soleimani E, Esmaieli A: The Effectiveness of Cognitive --Behavioral Hypnotherapy on clinical symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi Journal (RRJ). 2021; 10 (5). DOR: 20.1001.1.2383353.1400.10.5.3.1. 18. Häuser W: Gut-directed hypnosis and hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome: a mini-review. Front. Psychol. 2024; 15 : 1389911. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 19. Picó Carela Y, Cobián Mena AE, Loew TH, et al. : The benefits of hypnosis as an adjunct treatment for bronchial asthma--a clinical trial. MEDISAN. 2024; 28 (5): e5077. 20. Ghorashi P, Tajeri B, Ahadi B, et al. : Comparison of effectiveness mindfulness & hypnotherapy on percieved stress in patients with diabetes disease. JPS. 2020; 19 (91): 875–882. 21. Saeedmanesh M, Sedaghatpour Haghighi MM: Cognitive-Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Anxiety Disorders in 8- to 12-Years-Olds with Type 1 Diabetes. MEJDS. 2020; 10 : 132. 22. Dehestani M, Mahdavi SA, Karimi M, et al. : The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Sexual Self-Concept of Women with Dyspareunia. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology. 2022; 23 (2): 77–89. Publisher Full Text 23. Tastan K, Yoruk N, Isik N: A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Hypnotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Primary Vaginismus. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021; 13 (3): 536–541. Publisher Full Text 24. Ron Y, Keller S: Hypnosis as an effective psychosomatic intervention for globus pharyngeus: A case report. Journal of Clinical Basic Psychosomatics. 2025; 3 (2): 98–101. Publisher Full Text 25. Bryant RA, Moulds ML, Nixon RD, et al. : Hypnotherapy and cognitive behaviour therapy of acute stress disorder: a 3-year follow-up. Behav. Res. Ther. 2006; 44 (9): 1331–1335. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 26. Stinson J, Yamada J, Dickson A, et al. : Review of systematic reviews on acute procedural pain in children in the hospital setting. Pain Res. Manag. 2008; 13 (1): 51–57. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 27. Nezhad Abdollah Khoshhak M, Taghizadeh F: Comparing the effectiveness of hypnosis and Reiki in treating psychosomatic diseases. SID; 2024. 28. Kolbadinejad M, Asadi J, Pourasghar M, et al. : Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Cognitive Behavioral Hypnotherapy on Sexual Satisfaction of Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Clinical Trial Study. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2022; 24 (1): 26–34. 29. Del Casale A, Ferracuti S, Rapinesi C, et al. : Pain perception and hypnosis: Findings from recent functional neuroimaging studies. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Hypn. 2015; 63 (2): 144–170. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 30. Vanhaudenhuyse A, Laureys S, Faymonville ME: Neurophysiology of hypnosis. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology. 2014; 44 (4): 343–353. Publisher Full Text 31. Brown NJ, Kimble RM, Gramotnev G, et al. : Predictors of re-epithelialization in pediatric burn. Burns. 2014; 40 (4): 751–758. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 32. Saxe G, Stoddard F, Courtney D, et al. : Relationship between acute morphine and the course of PTSD in children with burns. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry. 2001; 40 (8): 915–921. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 33. Sheridan RL, Stoddard FJ, Kazis LE, et al. : Long-term posttraumatic stress symptoms vary inversely with early opiate dosing in children recovering from serious burns: Effects durable at 4 years. J. Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014; 76 (3): 828–832. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 34. Tausk F, Whitmore SE: A pilot study of hypnosis in the treatment of patients with psoriasis. Psychother. Psychosom. 1999; 68 (4): 221–225. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 35. Maserrat S: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review. [Data set]. Zenodo. 2025. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 15 Sep 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details faculty of medicine, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran Shima Maserrat Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 15 Sep 2025, 14:926 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 Copyright © 2025 Maserrat S. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Maserrat S. Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.168867.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 15 Sep 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Coen M. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r430111 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-430111 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 27 Dec 2025 Matteo Coen , University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r430111 This manuscript addresses a topic of clear clinical and academic interest , and the authors should be commended for tackling an area with potential implications for patient care and future research. The objectives of the review are relevant, and the topic ... Continue reading READ ALL This manuscript addresses a topic of clear clinical and academic interest , and the authors should be commended for tackling an area with potential implications for patient care and future research. The objectives of the review are relevant, and the topic aligns well with the scope of the journal. However, despite its potential value, the manuscript currently presents several major methodological and reporting limitations that significantly weaken the rigor, transparency, and reliability of the findings. Substantial revisions are required before the paper can be considered for publication. Major Concerns 1. Study Selection Process and Reporting The manuscript lacks a flow diagram illustrating the study selection process. A PRISMA or PRISMA-ScR flow diagram is essential to transparently report the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies. In addition, the authors state that “one reviewer independently screened studies.” This represents a critical methodological flaw. Scoping reviews require at least two independent reviewers for study screening and data extraction, with a third reviewer to resolve disagreements. The use of a single reviewer severely undermines the reliability and reproducibility of the study selection process and introduces a high risk of selection bias. 2. Incomplete Search Strategy The search strategy is insufficiently reported. Key elements are missing, including: - The full search strings for each database - Database-specific filters (e.g., MeSH terms for PubMed) - Search dates for each database - Specification of grey literature sources (if any) Without these details, the search cannot be replicated, and the comprehensiveness of the review cannot be adequately assessed. 3. Inconsistency Between Included Studies and Reported Results The manuscript states that 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, yet only 12 studies are summarized in Table 1. The rationale for excluding the remaining studies from the table is not explained. This inconsistency raises concerns regarding transparency and completeness of reporting. 4. Insufficient Data Extraction and Presentation Table 1 lacks essential information required to understand and interpret the included studies. Specifically, there is no detailed reporting of: - Study design - Sample size - Intervention characteristics - Comparator(s) - Primary outcomes Without these elements, readers are unable to meaningfully assess the evidence base or compare studies. 5. Superficial and Unreported Quality Assessment Although the authors indicate that quality assessment was conducted using: - JBI Critical Appraisal Tools (for RCTs and cohort studies) - Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 No results of these assessments are presented. There is: - No table summarizing risk of bias for each study - No narrative description of study quality - No discussion of how methodological quality influenced the findings or conclusions As currently presented, the quality assessment has no practical impact on the review. 6. Weak Results and Discussion Sections The Results section is largely narrative and lacks structure and analytical depth. Similarly, the Discussion section remains superficial, with limited synthesis of findings, minimal critical interpretation, and insufficient linkage between results, study quality, and existing literature. Conclusion In its current form, the manuscript does not meet methodological standards expected for a scoping review. While the topic is relevant and the intent is commendable, major revisions are necessary to address the issues outlined above. Strengthening the methodological rigor, improving transparency of reporting, and providing a more structured and critical synthesis of the evidence would substantially enhance the quality and credibility of the manuscript. I encourage the authors to revise the paper thoroughly, as the subject matter has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field if these concerns are adequately addressed.are adequately addressed. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Internal medicine; medical hypnosis. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Coen M. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r430111 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-430111 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: De Pascalis V. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r431850 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-431850 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 11 Dec 2025 Vilfredo De Pascalis , Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Not Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r431850 The author has presented a scoping review synthesizing recent evidence (30 articles) on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of psychosomatic conditions. The author conducted an adequate systematic search of eligible published studies from 2019 to 2025 by ... Continue reading READ ALL The author has presented a scoping review synthesizing recent evidence (30 articles) on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of psychosomatic conditions. The author conducted an adequate systematic search of eligible published studies from 2019 to 2025 by using the most popular searching tools. Among thirty selected clinical studies, hypnotherapy was associated with reductions in anxiety and depression, improvements in quality of life, and decreases in rumination and related psychological symptoms. Overall, the study has potential value, but a substantial revision (including English style) is required before the manuscript is indexed. Here are the significant issues: On page 3, 2nd paragraph: "Previous systematic reviews have concentrated mostly on specific illnesses (e.g., IBIS or chronic pain), ..." A citation should be reported. The "Objectives" section should be removed, as it duplicates the aims reported above. The authors are invited to remove all redundant sentences throughout the manuscript. Method: unclear and confusing. Please rewrite it. Results: Please delete the first sentence since the second one is a repetition of the first. In addition, the inclusion criteria reported in the Results section should be moved to the Method section. The sentence "Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy ...." should be shifted to the Discussion section, and a reference should be provided. Further, it is not clear to which statement d = 0.65 refers. Is d the Cohen coefficient? More, in the Result section, explanations like "cognitive behavioral hypnosis" or that "hypnotherapy has been shown to reduce dysmenorrhea" should be avoided and reported somewhere else. Again, the term "under hypnosis" is awful and must be avoided since it may produce confusion about what hypnosis is. In Table 1, 12 studies are presented, whereas in the Results section, 30 studies are reported to have met the inclusion criteria. How many studies were selected? The author is invited to include, for each selected study, in the "Main finding" column, whether pain or distress was reduced or not after treatments (obviously, if reported by the authors). Page 5, last paragraph: "In general, cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy has been shown to help children aged 8 to 12 who suffer from anxiety disorders. The results of this research corroborate those of prior research, demonstrating the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety types." A reference should be given here. A reference should also be provided for the subsequent sentence, "Furthermore, children are more susceptible..." The Discussion section is confusing. The authors are invited to rewrite this section by using an academic format. The Future Directions section should be improved and extended. The mechanisms aimed at point 2 (page 3) are not discussed in the manuscript. This aspect is essential for understanding. Finally, I invite the author to focus more on long-term clinical effectiveness (follow-up report). References: The reference number 35 must be deleted since it refers to a preprint of the submitted manuscript. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Brain correlates of hypnosis, hypnotic suggestibility and hypnotic hypoalgesia. EEG/ERP correlates of motivational traits. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT De Pascalis V. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r431850 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-431850 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Alldredge C. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r415084 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-415084 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 03 Oct 2025 Cameron Alldredge , Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r415084 This paper is a scoping review of studies examining psychosomatic issues being treated clinical hypnosis. The authors synthesize the findings from 30 articles included in their review. While the concept is a helpful one, multiple major revisions are required and ... Continue reading READ ALL This paper is a scoping review of studies examining psychosomatic issues being treated clinical hypnosis. The authors synthesize the findings from 30 articles included in their review. While the concept is a helpful one, multiple major revisions are required and much of the review needs to be rewritten. Below are some specific comments: Abstract Results – The sentence that starts with “According to a study…” has me confused. I’m not sure whether this is trying to talk about one study that was found or if it is meant to say according to OUR study. First paragraph – the term “hypnotic condition” seems like an odd way to describe hypnosis. You may consider using different verbiage to describe it. You mention “Previous systematic reviews have concentrated mostly on specific illnesses…” but do not provide any citations. The “Objectives” heading appears to be different formatting than other heading/subheadings. The objectives seem to be a direct repetition of the aims described just before them. This redundancy can be removed. Method – There are multiple instances where sentences start with the number zero. I would suggest instead saying something like, “No additional records were identified…” It seems odd to say that you started with 1250 records, there were no duplicates, and “after removing 0 duplicates, 1250 records were screened.” –That should be revised. I’m not clear on what a “descriptive analytical narrative approach” entails. The commas are inconsistent for numbers in the thousands throughout the paper. In the first sentence of the Results section, the word “Identified” is capitalized for no reason. The first two sentences in the Results section are redundant. It doesn’t make sense why the “keywords for research” would randomly pop up in the Results section. It also doesn’t make sense why there is suddenly a lengthy narrative of inclusion criteria in the Results section—that should have been in the Method section. Your sentence, “Here are some of the Key Findings by Condition that were present in the studies based on the inclusion criteria” seems to be its own standalone paragraph. Some more substance/transition statements would be helpful. Your sentence, “Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is a window into the mind that allows people to cope more effectively with their psychological stress and mental distress caused by mental abilities” seems very out of place in the Results section. It also doesn’t have a citation. You state, “It also offers important clinical information about the patient’s cognitive style and relationship with mental potential (d = 0.65).” I’m assuming “it” refers to CBT from the preceding sentence. What is this statistic? And your citation here is for a study about psychodynamic and hypnosis for chronic pain? In talking about hypnosis for dysmenorrhea, you make statements that seem out of place for a Results section, and you switch suddenly to talk about headaches in the same sentence. Your sentence “According to the statistics presented in articles related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), GFH resulted in substantial improvement in all colonic and noncolonic symptoms (OR = 3.1, p < 0.001)” has the acronym for IBS explained (though “IBS” has already been used throughout the study) and the acronym “GFH” which is being used for the first and only time without any explanation of what that means. And is this an odds ratio included? Where did that come from? Explaining “cognitive behavioral hypnosis” should not be done in the Results section. Using the verbiage “under hypnosis” is very VERY problematic. It is a completely inaccurate portrayal of hypnosis and pervades misconceptions about it. The term “under hypnosis” has no place in academic articles. Your table is titled “overview of included studies” but only includes 12 studies. Shouldn’t there be 30 studies? In your table, both mentions of p values are off. One talks about p > .05 and the other has a “/” in it (with a capital “P”) I’m confused why reductions in anxiety/social anxiety are mentioned for the study about children with diabetes. Your sentence, “The effectiveness of hypnotherapy on the ability of sexual selfconcept and ultimately the sexual function of women in this study was confirmed with regard to the findings” needs to be revised. You state “The results of this research corroborate those of prior research, demonstrating the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety types” without any citations. You state “Furthermore, children are more susceptible to hypnosis and enter a hypnotic state more readily than adults” without any citations. The use of the word “youngsters” seems strange in a scientific article. I’m not sure why there are some paragraphs that are one sentence long and then a massive paragraph (17 sentences long!) that jumps around a variety of unrelated topics. The whole thing needs to be reorganized with redundancy removed and other content removed that should not be in a Results section. You state, “it should also be remembered that a shorter duration of therapy will cut expenditures” and then provide the statistic “p < 0.001” –what is that statistic for? I’m not even sure what to make of your final paragraph in your results section. I can’t tell if it’s one sentence or two. Either way, it doesn’t make much sense. The Discussion section is severely lacking. The entire thing probably needs to be rewritten. There is no real discussion of any findings other than “hypnosis shows promise as adjunctive therapy” “Several studies” were inaccessible? Why was that? That seems to be a big limitation and one that could have easily been overcome. Academic writing avoids contractions (e.g., “doesn’t”). The future directions should be more than two bullet points. In your Conclusion section, you have a paragraph with a sentence that says “Current data suggests that hypnotherapy is helpful for psychosomatic diseases, notably IBS and chronic pain.” and a couple sentences later you say “The synthesized findings suggest that hypnotherapy is a potential treatment for psychosomatic illnesses, notably IBS, chronic pain, and stress-related problems.” Some of the claims made in the Conclusion section seem a little too far-reaching. As I got to the end of the paper, I found that aim/objective #2 was not addressed. There is absolutely no identification of “key mechanisms” anywhere in the paper. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Clinical hypnosis, hypnotherapy I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Alldredge C. Reviewer Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r415084 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-415084 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 15 Sep 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 1 15 Sep 25 read read read Cameron Alldredge , Baylor University, Waco, USA Vilfredo De Pascalis , Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Matteo Coen , University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Coen M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 27 Dec 2025 | for Version 1 Matteo Coen , University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland 0 Views copyright © 2025 Coen M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This manuscript addresses a topic of clear clinical and academic interest , and the authors should be commended for tackling an area with potential implications for patient care and future research. The objectives of the review are relevant, and the topic aligns well with the scope of the journal. However, despite its potential value, the manuscript currently presents several major methodological and reporting limitations that significantly weaken the rigor, transparency, and reliability of the findings. Substantial revisions are required before the paper can be considered for publication. Major Concerns 1. Study Selection Process and Reporting The manuscript lacks a flow diagram illustrating the study selection process. A PRISMA or PRISMA-ScR flow diagram is essential to transparently report the identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies. In addition, the authors state that “one reviewer independently screened studies.” This represents a critical methodological flaw. Scoping reviews require at least two independent reviewers for study screening and data extraction, with a third reviewer to resolve disagreements. The use of a single reviewer severely undermines the reliability and reproducibility of the study selection process and introduces a high risk of selection bias. 2. Incomplete Search Strategy The search strategy is insufficiently reported. Key elements are missing, including: - The full search strings for each database - Database-specific filters (e.g., MeSH terms for PubMed) - Search dates for each database - Specification of grey literature sources (if any) Without these details, the search cannot be replicated, and the comprehensiveness of the review cannot be adequately assessed. 3. Inconsistency Between Included Studies and Reported Results The manuscript states that 30 studies met the inclusion criteria, yet only 12 studies are summarized in Table 1. The rationale for excluding the remaining studies from the table is not explained. This inconsistency raises concerns regarding transparency and completeness of reporting. 4. Insufficient Data Extraction and Presentation Table 1 lacks essential information required to understand and interpret the included studies. Specifically, there is no detailed reporting of: - Study design - Sample size - Intervention characteristics - Comparator(s) - Primary outcomes Without these elements, readers are unable to meaningfully assess the evidence base or compare studies. 5. Superficial and Unreported Quality Assessment Although the authors indicate that quality assessment was conducted using: - JBI Critical Appraisal Tools (for RCTs and cohort studies) - Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 No results of these assessments are presented. There is: - No table summarizing risk of bias for each study - No narrative description of study quality - No discussion of how methodological quality influenced the findings or conclusions As currently presented, the quality assessment has no practical impact on the review. 6. Weak Results and Discussion Sections The Results section is largely narrative and lacks structure and analytical depth. Similarly, the Discussion section remains superficial, with limited synthesis of findings, minimal critical interpretation, and insufficient linkage between results, study quality, and existing literature. Conclusion In its current form, the manuscript does not meet methodological standards expected for a scoping review. While the topic is relevant and the intent is commendable, major revisions are necessary to address the issues outlined above. Strengthening the methodological rigor, improving transparency of reporting, and providing a more structured and critical synthesis of the evidence would substantially enhance the quality and credibility of the manuscript. I encourage the authors to revise the paper thoroughly, as the subject matter has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field if these concerns are adequately addressed.are adequately addressed. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Partly If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Internal medicine; medical hypnosis. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Coen M. Peer Review Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r430111) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-430111 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 De Pascalis V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 11 Dec 2025 | for Version 1 Vilfredo De Pascalis , Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 0 Views copyright © 2025 De Pascalis V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Not Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The author has presented a scoping review synthesizing recent evidence (30 articles) on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the treatment of psychosomatic conditions. The author conducted an adequate systematic search of eligible published studies from 2019 to 2025 by using the most popular searching tools. Among thirty selected clinical studies, hypnotherapy was associated with reductions in anxiety and depression, improvements in quality of life, and decreases in rumination and related psychological symptoms. Overall, the study has potential value, but a substantial revision (including English style) is required before the manuscript is indexed. Here are the significant issues: On page 3, 2nd paragraph: "Previous systematic reviews have concentrated mostly on specific illnesses (e.g., IBIS or chronic pain), ..." A citation should be reported. The "Objectives" section should be removed, as it duplicates the aims reported above. The authors are invited to remove all redundant sentences throughout the manuscript. Method: unclear and confusing. Please rewrite it. Results: Please delete the first sentence since the second one is a repetition of the first. In addition, the inclusion criteria reported in the Results section should be moved to the Method section. The sentence "Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy ...." should be shifted to the Discussion section, and a reference should be provided. Further, it is not clear to which statement d = 0.65 refers. Is d the Cohen coefficient? More, in the Result section, explanations like "cognitive behavioral hypnosis" or that "hypnotherapy has been shown to reduce dysmenorrhea" should be avoided and reported somewhere else. Again, the term "under hypnosis" is awful and must be avoided since it may produce confusion about what hypnosis is. In Table 1, 12 studies are presented, whereas in the Results section, 30 studies are reported to have met the inclusion criteria. How many studies were selected? The author is invited to include, for each selected study, in the "Main finding" column, whether pain or distress was reduced or not after treatments (obviously, if reported by the authors). Page 5, last paragraph: "In general, cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy has been shown to help children aged 8 to 12 who suffer from anxiety disorders. The results of this research corroborate those of prior research, demonstrating the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety types." A reference should be given here. A reference should also be provided for the subsequent sentence, "Furthermore, children are more susceptible..." The Discussion section is confusing. The authors are invited to rewrite this section by using an academic format. The Future Directions section should be improved and extended. The mechanisms aimed at point 2 (page 3) are not discussed in the manuscript. This aspect is essential for understanding. Finally, I invite the author to focus more on long-term clinical effectiveness (follow-up report). References: The reference number 35 must be deleted since it refers to a preprint of the submitted manuscript. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Brain correlates of hypnosis, hypnotic suggestibility and hypnotic hypoalgesia. EEG/ERP correlates of motivational traits. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to state that I do not consider it to be of an acceptable scientific standard, for reasons outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) De Pascalis V. Peer Review Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r431850) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-431850 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Alldredge C. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 03 Oct 2025 | for Version 1 Cameron Alldredge , Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Alldredge C. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This paper is a scoping review of studies examining psychosomatic issues being treated clinical hypnosis. The authors synthesize the findings from 30 articles included in their review. While the concept is a helpful one, multiple major revisions are required and much of the review needs to be rewritten. Below are some specific comments: Abstract Results – The sentence that starts with “According to a study…” has me confused. I’m not sure whether this is trying to talk about one study that was found or if it is meant to say according to OUR study. First paragraph – the term “hypnotic condition” seems like an odd way to describe hypnosis. You may consider using different verbiage to describe it. You mention “Previous systematic reviews have concentrated mostly on specific illnesses…” but do not provide any citations. The “Objectives” heading appears to be different formatting than other heading/subheadings. The objectives seem to be a direct repetition of the aims described just before them. This redundancy can be removed. Method – There are multiple instances where sentences start with the number zero. I would suggest instead saying something like, “No additional records were identified…” It seems odd to say that you started with 1250 records, there were no duplicates, and “after removing 0 duplicates, 1250 records were screened.” –That should be revised. I’m not clear on what a “descriptive analytical narrative approach” entails. The commas are inconsistent for numbers in the thousands throughout the paper. In the first sentence of the Results section, the word “Identified” is capitalized for no reason. The first two sentences in the Results section are redundant. It doesn’t make sense why the “keywords for research” would randomly pop up in the Results section. It also doesn’t make sense why there is suddenly a lengthy narrative of inclusion criteria in the Results section—that should have been in the Method section. Your sentence, “Here are some of the Key Findings by Condition that were present in the studies based on the inclusion criteria” seems to be its own standalone paragraph. Some more substance/transition statements would be helpful. Your sentence, “Cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy is a window into the mind that allows people to cope more effectively with their psychological stress and mental distress caused by mental abilities” seems very out of place in the Results section. It also doesn’t have a citation. You state, “It also offers important clinical information about the patient’s cognitive style and relationship with mental potential (d = 0.65).” I’m assuming “it” refers to CBT from the preceding sentence. What is this statistic? And your citation here is for a study about psychodynamic and hypnosis for chronic pain? In talking about hypnosis for dysmenorrhea, you make statements that seem out of place for a Results section, and you switch suddenly to talk about headaches in the same sentence. Your sentence “According to the statistics presented in articles related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), GFH resulted in substantial improvement in all colonic and noncolonic symptoms (OR = 3.1, p < 0.001)” has the acronym for IBS explained (though “IBS” has already been used throughout the study) and the acronym “GFH” which is being used for the first and only time without any explanation of what that means. And is this an odds ratio included? Where did that come from? Explaining “cognitive behavioral hypnosis” should not be done in the Results section. Using the verbiage “under hypnosis” is very VERY problematic. It is a completely inaccurate portrayal of hypnosis and pervades misconceptions about it. The term “under hypnosis” has no place in academic articles. Your table is titled “overview of included studies” but only includes 12 studies. Shouldn’t there be 30 studies? In your table, both mentions of p values are off. One talks about p > .05 and the other has a “/” in it (with a capital “P”) I’m confused why reductions in anxiety/social anxiety are mentioned for the study about children with diabetes. Your sentence, “The effectiveness of hypnotherapy on the ability of sexual selfconcept and ultimately the sexual function of women in this study was confirmed with regard to the findings” needs to be revised. You state “The results of this research corroborate those of prior research, demonstrating the beneficial effects of cognitive behavioral hypnotherapy on reducing anxiety types” without any citations. You state “Furthermore, children are more susceptible to hypnosis and enter a hypnotic state more readily than adults” without any citations. The use of the word “youngsters” seems strange in a scientific article. I’m not sure why there are some paragraphs that are one sentence long and then a massive paragraph (17 sentences long!) that jumps around a variety of unrelated topics. The whole thing needs to be reorganized with redundancy removed and other content removed that should not be in a Results section. You state, “it should also be remembered that a shorter duration of therapy will cut expenditures” and then provide the statistic “p < 0.001” –what is that statistic for? I’m not even sure what to make of your final paragraph in your results section. I can’t tell if it’s one sentence or two. Either way, it doesn’t make much sense. The Discussion section is severely lacking. The entire thing probably needs to be rewritten. There is no real discussion of any findings other than “hypnosis shows promise as adjunctive therapy” “Several studies” were inaccessible? Why was that? That seems to be a big limitation and one that could have easily been overcome. Academic writing avoids contractions (e.g., “doesn’t”). The future directions should be more than two bullet points. In your Conclusion section, you have a paragraph with a sentence that says “Current data suggests that hypnotherapy is helpful for psychosomatic diseases, notably IBS and chronic pain.” and a couple sentences later you say “The synthesized findings suggest that hypnotherapy is a potential treatment for psychosomatic illnesses, notably IBS, chronic pain, and stress-related problems.” Some of the claims made in the Conclusion section seem a little too far-reaching. As I got to the end of the paper, I found that aim/objective #2 was not addressed. There is absolutely no identification of “key mechanisms” anywhere in the paper. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? No If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Clinical hypnosis, hypnotherapy I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Alldredge C. Peer Review Report For: Efficacy of Hypnotherapy on Psychosomatic Disorders: A Scoping Review [version 1; peer review: 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :926 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.186084.r415084) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-926/v1#referee-response-415084 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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