Agronomic response of phosphorus and calcium rates for processing and table stock potatoes in northeast Florida

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Oliveira, Ayush K. Sharma, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7455324/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 12 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in American Journal of Potato Research → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are required nutrients for potato plant growth and yield. Notably, even in soils with high P levels, tuber yield has responded to P fertilization. Additionally, the application of calcium sulfate (CaSO 4 ) to improve tuber quality has become a common practice, despite the absence of guidelines considering soil Ca levels as a critical threshold for such applications. The objective of this research was to assess potato plant growth, yield and tuber quality in response to P fertilizer (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) and Ca fertilizer (0, 560 kg ha -1 of CaSO 4 ) rates arranged in a factorial design. A three-year trial was conducted at with processing cultivar Atlantic at Site 1. The trial was repeated in a commercial potato farm (Site 2) with an additional CaSO 4 rate of 1120 kg ha -1 with table stock cultivars ‘Fabula’ in 2016 and ‘Red La Soda’ in 2017. In Site 1, there was a quadratic response for total yield as function of increased P fertilizer rates. However, total yield and marketable yield increased quadratically but leveled off above 90 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 . In Site 2, there was no effect of fertilizers rates on total and marketable tuber yield, internal and external quality for any table stock cultivar. Total yield averaged 33 Mg ha -1 (2016) and 33.9 Mg ha -1 (2017) while marketable yield averaged 19.3 Mg ha -1 and 23.6 Mg ha -1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Tuber specific gravity averaged 1.042 in 2016 and decreased linearly with the increasing the P fertilizer rates in 2017, ranging between 1.061 to 1.059. Potato yield responses to P fertilizer were limited and site-specific regardless of the M3 soil testing results indicating poor reliability of the M3 extractant with bioavailable P. Calcium sulfate provided no measurable benefit to soil Ca, P availability, plant uptake, yield, or quality, indicating routine gypsum use is unwarranted in high-Ca soils and that P applications should be conservative and guided by soil tests. above ground biomass cultivar Atlantic cultivar Fabula cultivar Red La Soda gypsum tuber chipping potato fresh-market tubers Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 1. Introduction Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) is recognized as an important crop worldwide, and provides a high caloric intake for the human diet in many countries (Hopkins et al., 2010 ). This is mainly due to the high tubers starch content and free sugars as for instance sucrose, glucose, and fructose (Le Tourneau, 1956 ). The U.S. ranks 4th after China, India, and Ukraine for total potato production worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2025 ). In the U.S., several states produce potatoes, mainly during the summer and fall months. Florida is one of the few states that can produce potatoes during winter and spring. Florida represents a relevant potato production state with approximately 8,000 hectares planted in 2023, fetching higher prices for each unit sold that generated about $ 118 million in the U.S. potato market (USDA-NASS, 2024). Among the nutrients needed to sustain crop production, an adequate supply of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are required to sustain potato plant growth and yield. Phosphorus influences plant growth by participating in different metabolic processes, such as energy transfer and structural components of phospholipids, nucleic acid, and coenzymes. Thus, P fertilizer application is necessary for the plant from early plant growth (Rosen et al., 2014 ). However, in some soil types, P is not always readily available for plant uptake because it is bound by aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) depending on soil pH. The dominant inorganic P (Pi) fraction in northeast Florida soils, which is extracted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), can be bound by Al or Fe (Liao et al., 2015 ). Conversely, with the increase in soil pH, P reacts with Ca, diminishing potentially reducing its plant availability. In potato, Ca promotes improvements in tuber quality as it is a structural component of the cell membrane (Kobayashi et al., 2007 ). In the soil, Ca serves as a flocculating agent of clay particles promoting aggregation, mitigating soil dispersion in sodic soils, chemically Ca maintains a cationic balance with soil cations and buffers soil pH. There has been an inconsistent response to P fertilizer application, which is highly dependent on the season, cultivar, and sites (Fernandes et al., 2017 ; Rosen et al., 2014 ; Soratto et al., 2015 ) and limited research conducted to explore the interaction between P and Ca fertilizers in sandy soil with low organic matter such as in northeast FL. A field study conducted by Maier et al.,(1989) found the inconsistent trends of tubers and leaf Ca concentration. Similarly, in hydroponics potato seed production, increasing concentration of P and Ca did not increase the tuber yield or number of tubers, however it increased shoot and root weight and leaf area significantly (Abbasian et al., 2018 ). A soil survey conducted in commercial fields of northeast Florida revealed a wide range of soil P and Ca content. Soil extractable P ranged from 39 to 538 mg kg -1 (Mehlich-1, M1) and 81 to 591 mg kg -1 (Mehlich-3, M3), while M1 exchangeable Ca levels ranging from 285 to 1572 mg kg -1 . Despite the high levels of extractable P and exchangeable Ca in the soil, in some cases, applications of up to 112 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 and up to 2240 kg ha -1 of CaSO 4 are common in potato production in Florida (Liao et al., 2015 ). Despite the abovementioned soil extractable P level, tuber yield response to additional P fertilizer has been reported in the northeast Florida (Pesantes et al., 2025b ; Qiu et al., 2022 ). Currently, Florida's potato growers are legally required to enroll in the State Best Management Practices (BMP) Program and implement applicable BMPs on their fields, including following the UF/IFAS P fertilizer recommendations, or conduct water quality monitoring to demonstrate compliance with water quality standards at the farmer's expense. In 2010, M3 was adopted as a standard soil extractant in Florida. According to Mylavarapu et al.,(2022), no P fertilizer was needed if M3 soil extractable P levels were above 45 mg kg -1 . Thus, no P fertilizer application was recommended by the UF/IFAS for many years in the northeast Florida. Since then, many field studies conducted with potatoes have since clearly reported increased yields with applied P fertilizer in soils with M3 extractable P > 45 mg kg -1 , indicating that P sufficiency level was not adequate for northeast Florida’s soils (Pesantes et al., 2025a , 2025b ; Qiu et al., 2022 ). In 2022, a provisional P fertilizer rate of 135 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 (120 lb ac -1 of P 2 O 5 ) was ratified, regardless of the M3 soil testing results until calibration studies were conducted to validate the new P fertilizer recommendation for potatoes. A few studies have been carried out on P fertilizer rate effect on potato production in northeast Florida, however, none of them evaluated the interaction of P (P 2 O 5 rates) and Ca fertilizer (CaSO 4 rates). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of P and Ca fertilizers, and their interactions on plant P and Ca availability, potato plant growth, potato tuber yield, and tuber quality. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Location, experimental design, and crop management This study was conducted on Site 1 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 at the same location, and at two different locations within Site 2 in 2016 (Location 1) and 2017 (Location 2). Site 1 was the research farm of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Hastings Agricultural Extension Center (HAEC), Hastings, FL, U.S. (N 29.65123°, W 82.34286°) and Site 2 was a commercial potato farm located 7.5 km from Site 1 in Elkton, FL, U.S. At Site 1, soil was Holopaw fine sand series, which is classified as loamy, siliceous, and hyperthermic Grossarenic Ocraqualfs (Soil Survey Staff, 2023 ), which soil proportion particle fractions were 94.0% sand, 2.5% silt, and 3.5% clay (Campbell et al., 1978 ; da Silva et al., 2018 ). At Site 2, soil was Tocoi fine sand series which is classified as sandy siliceous, hypertermic, Ultic Haplaquods with soil proportion particle fractions were 94.5% sand, 4.3% silt, and 1.2% clay (Soil Survey Staff, 2023 ). The experimental design consisted of twelve treatments arranged in a factorial design with six rates of P fertilizer (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 ) in combination with two rates of Ca fertilizer (0 and 560 kg ha -1 of CaSO 4 ) assigned in randomized complete blocks replicated four times for Site 1. In Site 2, the same experimental design was applied with an additional CaSO 4 rate of 1120 kg ha -1 , totaling 18 treatments with four replications. Treatments were assigned to the exact same location in all three seasons in Site 1. A summary of P and Ca fertilizer treatments is presented in Table 1 . In both sites, the experimental plot size was 48 m 2 , comprising four 12 m-long rows spaced 1 m apart, and in-row plant spacing was 0.20 m. The P fertilizer (triple superphosphate, 46% of P 2 O 5 , 20% of P) treatment was applied pre-planting, while the Ca fertilizer (gypsum, 79% of CaSO 4 , 23.3% of Ca) treatment was applied at emergence by manually broadcasting on the top of each plot row edge, followed by mechanically incorporation during the hilling process. In all years, Site 1 was planted with Atlantic cultivar and Site 2 was planted with cultivar Fabula in 2016 (Location 1), and cultivar Red La Soda in 2017 (Location 2). The fertilizer with N and K was applied at the rates of 112N-0P-96K kg ha -1 at pre-planting and at the rates of 56N-0P-56K kg ha -1 at emergence and side-dressing at tuber initiation. In both sites, irrigation water was supplied through subirrigation-drainage tile system. Phytosanitary management followed the guidelines of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida (Zotarelli et al., 2013 ). Rainfall and air temperature were measured at Site 1 using the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN, www.fawn.ifas.ufl.edu ) at 15-minute intervals, which was further calculated for the daily average. Table 1 Phosphorus fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ) and calcium fertilizer (CaSO 4 ) rates applied at pre-plant and at plant emergence to Site 1 in 2015, 2016, and 2017, Hastings, FL and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017 potato seasons, Elkton, FL. Treatments Site 1 Site 2 P 2 O 5 pre-planting CaSO 4 plant emergence P 2 O 5 pre-planting CaSO 4 plant emergence (kg ha − 1 ) (kg ha − 1 ) (kg ha − 1 ) (kg ha − 1 ) 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 560 0 560 3 45 0 0 1120 4 45 560 45 0 5 90 0 45 560 6 90 560 45 1120 7 135 0 90 0 8 135 560 90 560 9 180 0 90 1120 10 180 560 135 0 11 225 0 135 560 12 225 560 135 1120 13 - - 180 0 14 - - 180 560 15 - - 180 1120 16 - - 225 0 17 - - 225 560 18 225 1120 2.2 Soil phosphorus and calcium sampling and analysis Soil samples were collected from the 0–15 cm soil depth layer before the first fertilizer application and right before harvest according to the dates presented in Table 2 . The soil samples were air dried, sieved to 2 mm and shipped out to Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. (Camila, GA, U.S.). Determination of Mehlich-3 extractable P (mg kg -1 ), exchangeable Ca (mg kg -1 ), and soil pH in water were performed as proposed by Sikora and Moore,(2014). As per Mehlich-3 procedure, the soil samples were oven-dried at 65°C for 7 days and stored for subsequent soil chemical analysis. The P concentration in soil extracts based on Mehlich-3 procedure, 2.5 g of soil (scoop) to 20 mL of solution (Mehlich, 1984 ), were determined using induced coupled plasma, optical emission spectrometry at the Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. Soil pH was measured using a 1:2 ratio of soil volume to water in a 60-mL polypropylene test tube. The samples were shaken for 5 min and then allowed to settle for 30 min. The soil pH was measured using a pH meter (Thermo Scientific, Orion Star A215). 2.3 Plant biomass sampling and tissue analysis From Site 1, the aboveground biomass sampling was carried out at the peak of accumulation approximately 80 days after planting (DAP) on May 11 2015, May 3 2016, and April 21 2017; and on Site 2, the biomass sampling occurred on May 11 2016, and May 5 2017. Aboveground biomass samples, constituted of two plants, were collected from each experimental plot at both sites. During harvest, a 200 g sample of representative marketable tubers per experimental unit was selected and sliced for tuber biomass accumulation. Aboveground and tuber tissue fresh samples were oven-dried at 65°C until reaching constant dry weight, then ground with a laboratory mill (Model 4, Arthur H. Thomas Company, Philadelphia, PA). Dried tissue samples were used to determine aboveground and tuber tissue total P concentration at Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. (Camilla, GA). Tissue samples were digested using the aluminum block digestion procedure described by Gallaher et al. ( 1975 ). The correspondent total P and Ca concentration in the tissue of the tubers, leaves and stems were analyzed according to U.S. EPA Method 365.1 (O’Dell, 1993 ). Table 2 Timeline of field activities related to fertilizer application, planting and harvest dates of potato in Site 1 in 2015, 2016, and 2017, Hastings, FL and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017 potato seasons, Elkton, FL. P fertilizer- P 2 O 5 and Ca fertilizer- CaSO 4 ; DAP- days after planting. Activity Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 Date DAP Date DAP Date DAP Date DAP Date DAP P fertilizer application 16 Feb -3 8 Feb -1 26 Jan -4 11 Feb -11 8 Feb -5 N and K fertilizer application † 16 Feb -3 5 Feb -4 27 Jan -3 11 Feb -11 2 Feb -11 Planting 19 Feb 0 9 Feb 0 30 Jan 0 22 Feb 0 13 Feb 0 Ca fertilizer application 9 Mar 18 11 Mar 31 21 Feb 22 8 Mar 15 2 Mar 17 1st side-dressing ‡ at plant emergence 9 Mar 18 28 Mar 19 1 Mar 31 10 Mar 17 9 Mar 24 2nd side dressing ‡ at tuber initiation 30 Mar 39 22 Mar 42 24 Mar 54 31 Mar 38 22 Mar 37 Harvest 28 May 98 17 May 97 11 May 101 10 June 109 22 May 99 † Pre-planting N and K fertilizer application- 112N-0-96K kg ha − 1 ‡ Side-dressing N and K fertilizer application- 56N-0P-56K kg ha − 1 2.4 Harvest, yield, and quality In all experimental years and sites, potatoes were harvested from sub-plots comprised of two rows of 6 m long. The harvesting schedule and specific dates are presented in Table 2 . Plant stand was determined for all seasons, and weight of tubers was converted to Mg ha -1 considering the harvested length and number of plants. Tubers were graded for tuber yield and quality measurements using USDA standards (USDA, 1997). Tubers were sorted and weighed by size classes: A4 (> 10.2 cm), A3 (8.3–10.1 cm), A2 (6.4–8.2 cm), A1 (4.8–6.3 cm), B (3.8–4.7 cm), and C (1.3–3.7 cm) and culls. The marketable yield was obtained by excluding the weight of culls, B and C categories from the weight of the total harvested tubers. A subsample of approximately 2000 g of marketable tubers was retained to determine tuber specific gravity, calculated as the weight in air divided by the difference between the weight in air and the weight in water. Additionally, twenty potato tubers were randomly collected from each plot, cut into quarter longitudinal sections and evaluated the incidence of internal physiological disorders including hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, and brown center. 2.5 Statistical analysis All data were analyzed for distribution of residuals and homogeneity of variances for best model fitting. Mixed linear model methodology as implemented in the SAS® GLIMMIX procedure (SAS/STAT 15.1; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used to analyze total yield, marketable yield, specific gravity, aboveground dry biomass accumulation, whole plant dry biomass accumulation, tuber P concentration, and P uptake. Soil samples were analyzed through a linear mixed model with a repeated measurements correlation and block as a random effect, with a full factorial design of P and Ca fertilizer treatments per block. Sampling time was also considered a fixed effect. Multiple comparisons of differences in treatment means were compared using Tukey’s multiple comparison procedure ( p ≤ 0.05). The analysis was repeated for each measured variable for each site and year separately using RStudio v1.0.136 (Team, 2016 ). The visualization graphs were created using the package ‘ggplot2’ (Wickham, 2016 ) and Sigma Plot 15. 3. Results 3.1 Overview of weather patterns The air temperature and rainfall events were recorded at Site 1 across the potato growing seasons (Fig. 1 ). Cumulative rainfall from planting to harvest at Site 1 was 156, 279, and 152 mm for the 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively with corresponding average air temperatures of 22, 20, and 19°C, respectively. Site 2 received the cumulative rainfall of 410 and 157 mm, in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with corresponding average air temperatures of 22 and 20°C, thus Site 2 was markedly wetter than Site 1 in 2016, but similar in 2017. Scattered events of freezing air temperatures were reported at least once in each season, however, they did not impact potato growth. Across both sites, planting occurred under cool nights and mild temperatures during the day, followed by a steady spring warming towards the harvest. Rainfall was episodic, in 2015, the early season was relatively dry, and rains intensified from mid-May into June; in 2016, a major precipitation event occurred before planting, with intermittent rainfall through March and April, followed by relatively dry conditions starting late May throughout the harvest window. In 2017, a pronounced precipitation event occurred in early April, followed by mostly light precipitation events until harvest. Late season rain showers coinciding with crop bulking and maturing stage tended to accelerate crop maturity, while intense rainfall during harvest directly impact the proportion of culls. During the cover crop cultivation, there was a large precipitation rate of 165 mm in two days due to the passage of Hurricane Matthew on October 6th and 7th, 2016. 3.2 Soil phosphorus and calcium content Before fertilizer application and planting, soil testing provided an overview of the soil chemical status of the 0–15 cm depth layer and some differences among sites (Table 3 ). The average soil pH for the 0–15 cm soil depth layer at Site 1 was 5.8, in 2015, while at Site 2, the average soil pH at planting was 6.1 in 2016, and 5.2 in 2017. Soil P content was similar between in Site 1 and Site 2 in 2016, with average values of 197 mg kg⁻¹, while Site 2 in 2017, P content was 113 mg kg⁻¹. In contrast, soil Ca contents were about 25% lower in Site 1 compared to Site 2. In all sites, Ca contributed with 48% and 65% of the soil solution base saturation. Table 3 Soil chemical characterization of the 0–15 cm depth layer before fertilizer treatments and planting of Site 1 in 2015 and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017. Mehlich-3 extractable or exchangeable; CEC, cation exchange capacity. % Base saturation Site/Year pH P K Mg Ca CEC %K %Mg %Ca %H mg kg − 1 meq 100 g − 1 Site 1/2015 5.8 ± 0.1 196 ± 3 57 ± 5 70 ± 5 564 ± 19 4.8 ± 0.2 3.0 12.0 58.2 26.8 Site 2/2016 6.1 ± 0.1 198 ± 6 98 ± 2 31 ± 1 737 ± 20 8.0 ± 0.4 3.3 3.4 48.8 44.5 Site 2/2017 5.2 ± 0.1 113 ± 14 71 ± 11 41 ± 12 764 ± 23 5.9 ± 0.1 3.1 5.2 65.2 26.5 There were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer rates on M3 extractable soil P content at either site in any year (Table 4 ). However, P fertilizer application significantly increased M3 extractable soil P content at Site 1 at harvest in 2015 and 2016 (p<0.05), but not in 2017. At Site 2 in 2016, M3 extractable soil P content at planting ranged from 200 to 245 mg kg⁻¹ across P fertilizer rates, with no significant differences among P fertilizer rates at the harvest. In 2017, the trial was conducted in a different location than 2016, extractable P levels were much lower, ranging from 105 to 125 mg kg⁻¹ at planting and increasing to 141 to 170 mg kg⁻¹ at harvest, again without significant P fertilizer rate effects on M3 extractable soil P content. The different rates of Ca fertilizer application had no significant effects on the M3 extractable soil P content across sites and years, except in 2015 at Site 1 ( p <0.05) (Table 3 ). Neither P nor Ca fertilizer applications affected soil M3 exchangeable Ca content across sites, years, and soil sampling dates (Table 5 ). 3.3 Plant biomass accumulation There was no significant interaction between P and Ca fertilizer application on aboveground or whole plant biomass for either the chipping cultivar or the table stock cultivars (Table 6 ). However, both P and Ca fertilizer rates had significant main effects on aboveground and whole plant biomass, varying by cultivar, site, and year (Table 6 ). For cultivar Atlantic planted at Site 1, the aboveground biomass showed no significant response to increasing P fertilizer rates in 2016 and 2017, but a significant linear-quadratic increase was observed in 2015. Aboveground biomass peaked at 3.1 Mg ha⁻¹ with 90 kg ha⁻¹ of P fertilizer applied in 2015. Whole plant biomass of cultivar Atlantic increased significantly with increasing P fertilizer rates in both 2015 and 2016, but no significant trend was observed in 2017. Whole plant biomass consistently peaked, ranging from 10.9 to 11.3 Mg ha⁻¹, when 90 kg ha⁻¹ of P fertilizer was applied across most years. No significant response to increasing P fertilizer rates was observed for either aboveground or whole plant biomass of the any table stock cultivar planted at Site 2 in 2016 and 2017. There was a significant effect of Ca fertilizer rates on the aboveground biomass of the chipping cultivar in 2015 and 2016 while no significant trend was detected in 2017 at Site 1. In the first two years, aboveground biomass was consistently higher with a 560 kg ha⁻¹ Ca fertilizer application. The aboveground and whole plant biomass of the two table stock cultivars at Site 2 were not significantly affected by changing Ca fertilizer rates, although biomasses were slightly higher, ranging from 2.2 to 2.4 Mg ha⁻¹ for aboveground and 10.7–12.5 Mg ha⁻¹ for whole plant biomass when 560 kg ha⁻¹ of Ca fertilizer was applied in both years, regardless of P fertilizer rates. 3.4 Plant phosphorus and calcium uptake There were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer application on aboveground P or Ca uptake for any cultivar in any year at either site (Tables 7 and 8 ). However, P fertilizer rates significantly affected aboveground P uptake in 2015 and 2017 and Ca fertilizer in 2015 and 2016 for cultivar Atlantic planted at Site 1. For Atlantic, Ca fertilizer significantly affected aboveground Ca uptake in 2015 and 2016. In contrast, neither P nor Ca fertilizer application significantly impacted aboveground P uptake for the table stock cultivars Fabula and Red La Soda at Site 2. However, a Ca fertilizer application of 560 kg ha⁻¹ significantly increased aboveground Ca uptake for Red La Soda in 2017 compared to Ca fertilizer application of 0 and 1120 kg ha⁻¹ (Table 8 ). The relationship between applied P rates and aboveground P uptake was linear-quadratic in 2015 and quadratic in 2017. In 2015, aboveground P uptake peaked at 12.3 kg ha -1 with 90 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer, while in 2017, peak uptake was 4.7 kg ha -1 of P with 135 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer. Aboveground P uptake for Atlantic was significantly higher in 2015 than in 2016 and 2017. In 2015, tuber P and Ca uptake both exhibited a linear-quadratic response to increasing rates of P fertilizer, peaking at P fertilizer rate of 99 kg ha -1 (i.e., quadratic response). A significant P and Ca fertilizer rates interaction was observed for tuber P uptake of cultivar Atlantic at Site 1, in 2016 and 2017. Regardless of Ca fertilizer rates (0 or 560 kg ha⁻¹), tuber P uptake showed a quadratic response to increasing P fertilizer rates. Specifically, a 560 kg ha⁻¹ of Ca fertilizer application significantly increased tuber P uptake when no P fertilizer was applied in both 2016 and 2017, and also at a P fertilizer rate of 45 kg ha⁻¹ in 2016 (Table 7 ). No interaction was found between P and Ca fertilizer rates on tuber Ca uptake, although a 560 kg ha⁻¹ of Ca fertilizer application significantly increased tuber Ca uptake in 2016 specifically for Atlantic. Table 4 Mean and standard error values of soil Mehlich-3 extractable P content (mg kg -1 ) from the 0–15 cm soil depth layer for P and Ca fertilizer application rates sampled at planting and harvest in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL. Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest P treatments (kg ha − 1 ) Mehlich-3 extractable P content (mg kg − 1 ) 0 237.1 ± 16.6 161.2 ± 16.6 c † 156.4 ± 9.6 159.3 ± 9.6 b 224.8 ± 34.8 185.1 ± 34.8 206.2 ± 17.0 207.7 ± 17.0 105.6 ± 15.3 141.7 ± 15.3 45 265.5 ± 16.6 184.8 ± 16.6 c 172.1 ± 9.6 188.1 ± 9.6 ab 216.1 ± 34.8 219.9 ± 34.8 200.8 ± 17.0 195.6 ± 17.0 109.4 ± 15.3 167.8 ± 15.3 90 208.1 ± 16.6 202.6 ± 16.6 bc 178.7 ± 9.6 191.1 ± 9.6 ab 246.4 ± 34.8 214.1 ± 34.8 202.6 ± 17.0 192.7 ± 17.0 115.5 ± 15.3 170.2 ± 15.3 135 253.5 ± 16.6 214.2 ± 16.6 bc 180.4 ± 9.6 199.1 ± 9.6 a 248.5 ± 34.8 239.9 ± 34.8 205.6 ± 17.0 202.6 ± 17.0 121.6 ± 15.3 170.9 ± 15.3 180 273.4 ± 16.6 273.2 ± 16.6 a 181.3 ± 9.6 198.7 ± 9.6 a 237.5 ± 34.8 236.2 ± 34.8 219.4 ± 17.0 221.7 ± 17.0 118.3 ± 15.3 162.4 ± 15.3 225 226.4 ± 16.6 268.9 ± 16.6 ab 189.9 ± 9.6 193.1 ± 9.6 ab 253.9 ± 34.8 250.1 ± 34.8 245.5 ± 17.0 219.8 ± 17.0 126.1 ± 15.3 168.3 ± 15.3 p-value ns * ns * ns ns ns ns ns ns Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 227 ± 9.4 b 213.6 ± 9.4 177.6 ± 5.9 188.9 ± 5.9 200.0 ± 12.2 192.8 ± 12.2 219.3 ± 13.6 210.4 ± 13.6 114.5 ± 9.3 171.6 ± 9.3 560 260.2 ± 9.4 a 221.4 ± 9.4 175.2 ± 5.9 187.7 ± 5.9 205.8 ± 12.2 197.6 ± 12.2 206.3 ± 13.6 203.4 ± 13.6 116.8 ± 9.3 166.8 ± 9.3 1120 - - - - - - 214.4 ± 13.6 206.5 ± 13.6 116.9 ± 9.3 152.2 ± 9.3 p-value * ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns P × Ca ns ‡ ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns † Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. ‡ ns, non-significant. Table 5 Mean and standard error values of soil Mehlich-3 extractable Ca content (mg kg − 1 ) from the 0–15 cm soil depth layer for P and Ca fertilizer application rates sampled at planting and harvest in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2, in Elkton, FL. Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest Planting Harvest P treatments (kg ha − 1 ) Mehlich-3 exchangeable Ca content (mg kg − 1 ) 0 430 ± 27 ab† 415 ± 27 470 ± 31 490 ± 31 410 ± 57 500 ± 57 724 ± 55 645 ± 55 773 ± 68 775 ± 68 45 412 ± 27 b 420 ± 27 524 ± 31 547 ± 31 424 ± 57 527 ± 57 703 ± 55 646 ± 55 755 ± 68 767 ± 68 90 464 ± 27b 450 ± 27 528 ± 31 542 ± 31 468 ± 57 468 ± 57 773 ± 55 740 ± 55 750 ± 68 820 ± 68 135 457 ± 27 ab 435 ± 27 527 ± 31 554 ± 31 449 ± 57 620 ± 57 727 ± 55 728 ± 55 769 ± 68 740 ± 68 180 478 ± 27 ab 466 ± 27 531 ± 31 574 ± 31 452 ± 57 484 ± 57 740 ± 55 849 ± 55 774 ± 68 783 ± 68 225 511 ± 27 a 455 ± 27 550 ± 31 552 ± 31 421 ± 57 511 ± 57 747 ± 55 661 ± 55 778 ± 68 778 ± 68 p-value * ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 465 ± 19 444 ± 19 522 ± 21 519 ± 21 424 ± 34 500 ± 34 747 ± 37 656 ± 37 738 ± 51 707 ± 51 560 452 ± 19 436 ± 19 522 ± 21 567 ± 21 450 ± 34 537 ± 34 735 ± 37 715 ± 37 818 ± 51 792 ± 51 1120 - - - - - - 725 ± 37 762 ± 37 744 ± 51 804 ± 51 p-value ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns P × Ca ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns †Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. ‡ ns, non-significant. Table 6 Mean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and whole plant dry biomass at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha -1 ) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha -1 ) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL. Aboveground biomass (Mg ha − 1 ) Whole Plant Biomass (Mg ha − 1 ) Site 1 Site 2 Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 2015 ƒ 2016 ƒ 2017 2016 2017 Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) P treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 560 0 560 0 1.5 ± 0.2 b † 2.3 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.2 2.5 ± 0.1 8.3 ± 0.5 c 9.5 ± 0.5 bc 6.6 ± 0.9 b 9.0 ± 0.9 ab 9.2 ± 0.8 11.7 ± 0.7 11.3 ± 0.6 45 1.8 ± 0.2 b 1.9 ± 0.2 2.5 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 10.2 ± 0.5 ab 9.3 ± 0.5 bc 5.3 ± 0.9 b 10.8 ± 0.9 a 10.0 ± 0.8 11.6 ± 0.7 10.2 ± 0.6 90 3.1 ± 0.2 a 2.1 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.1 11.2 ± 0.5 ab 11.3 ± 0.5 ab 10.9 ± 0.9 a 8.9 ± 0.9 ab 11.3 ± 0.8 12.1 ± 0.7 10.6 ± 0.6 135 2.3 ± 0.2 ab 2.0 ± 0.2 2.6 ± 0.1 2.0 ± 0.2 2.4 ± 0.1 10.5 ± 0.5 ab 10.5 ± 0.5 ab 8.2 ± 0.9 ab 8.4 ± 0.9 ab 9.4 ± 0.8 12.1 ± 0.7 10.3 ± 0.6 180 2.9 ± 0.2 a 2.0 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 1.8 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.1 10.6 ± 0.5 ab 12.0 ± 0.5 a 9.6 ± 0.9 ab 10.1 ± 0.9 ab 8.5 ± 0.8 12.2 ± 0.7 9.5 ± 0.6 225 2.8 ± 0.2 a 2.0 ± 0.2 2.8 ± 0.1 1.9 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.1 10.1 ± 0.5 ab 12.0 ± 0.5 a 8.5 ± 0.9 ab 8.9 ± 0.9 ab 10.2 ± 0.8 11.2 ± 0.7 10.3 ± 0.6 p-value ***LQ Y ns ns ns ns ***LQ ***L ***LQ *Q ns ns ns r 2 0.5453 0.1158 0.3 0.26 0 0.4893 0.5893 0.2977 0.3974 0.1069 0.2306 0.1047 Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 2.2 ± 0.1 b † 1.9 ± 0.1 b 2.4 ± 0.1 1.8 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.1 - - 9.9 ± 0.5 11.4 ± 0.5 10.5 ± 0.6 560 2.6 ± 0.1 a 2.3 ± 0.1 a 2.4 ± 0.1 2.2 ± 0.1 2.4 ± 0.1 - - 9.6 ± 0.5 12.5 ± 0.5 10.7 ± 0.6 1120 - - - 1.9 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.1 - - - 11.6 ± 0.5 9.9 ± 0.6 p-value * * ns ns ns * * ns ns ns P × Ca ns ‡ ns ns ns ns * * ns ns ns † Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. Y Regression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q. ƒ Interaction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for whole plant biomass on site 1 in 2015 and 2016. ‡ * significant at p < 0.05; *** significant at p < 0.001; ns, non-significant. Table 7 Mean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and tuber P uptake at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha -1 ) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha -1 ) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL. Site 1 Site 2 Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 2015 2016 ƒ 2017 ƒ 2016 2017 P aboveground uptake (kg ha − 1 ) P tuber uptake (kg ha − 1 ) ‡ Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) P treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 560 0 560 0 4.9 ± 0.9 c † 4.5 ± 0.5 3.5 ± 0.3 8.3 ± 0.9 4.4 ± 0.4 22.8 ± 1.2 b 7.5 ± 1.3bc 10.0 ± 1.3ab 9.0 ± 2.2c 13.7 ± 2.2b 19.3 ± 1.9 22.1 ± 1.6 45 6.2 ± 0.9 bc 4.1 ± 0.5 4.3 ± 0.3 7.0 ± 0.9 4.4 ± 0.4 24.6 ± 1.2 ab 6.3 ± 1.3c 13.4 ± 1.3ab 14.0 ± 2.2b 9.0 ± 2.2c 18.9 ± 1.9 22.2 ± 1.6 90 12.3 ± 0.9 a 4.6 ± 0.5 4.0 ± 0.3 8.8 ± 0.9 4.7 ± 0.4 27.5 ± 1.2 ab 15.2 ± 1.3a 10.9 ± 1.3ab 19.3 ± 2.2a 13.7 ± 2.2b 19.8 ± 1.9 23.1 ± 1.6 135 9.5 ± 0.9 ab 4.2 ± 0.5 4.7 ± 0.3 8.1 ± 0.9 4.9 ± 0.4 25.1 ± 1.2 ab 10.6 ± 1.3ab 9.1 ± 1.3ab 8.7 ± 2.2c 15.3 ± 2.2a 20.9 ± 1.9 20.6 ± 1.6 180 11.3 ± 0.9 a 4.1 ± 0.5 3.5 ± 0.3 7.1 ± 0.9 4.2 ± 0.4 28.4 ± 1.2 a 11.1 ± 1.3ab 14.2 ± 1.3a 10.7 ± 2.2c 12.3 ± 2.2b 21.0 ± 1.9 19.3 ± 1.6 225 10.7 ± 0.9 a 4.0 ± 0.5 4.7 ± 0.3 7.2 ± 0.9 4.5 ± 0.4 25.7 ± 1.2 ab 10.8 ± 1.3ab 9.9 ± 1.3ab 13.0 ± 2.2a 14.0 ± 2.2b 18.5 ± 1.9 22.3 ± 1.6 p-value ***LQ Y ns *Q ns ns *LQ ***LQ **Q **Q **Q ns ns r 2 0.5759 0.1418 0.3959 0.1626 0.108 0.2079 0.4635 0.6233 0.2379 0.3959 0.2194 0.1562 Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 8.4 ± 0.5 b 3.7 ± 0.3 b 4.1 ± 0.2 7.4 ± 0.6 4.3 ± 0.2 24.6 ± 0.7 b - - 18.5 ± 1.3 21.5 ± 1.7 560 9.9 ± 0.5 a 4.8 ± 0.3 a 4.2 ± 0.2 8.4 ± 0.6 4.6 ± 0.2 26.7 ± 0.7 a - - 20.4 ± 1.3 23.5 ± 1.7 1120 - - - 7.5 ± 0.6 4.6 ± 0.2 - - - 20.3 ± 1.3 19.8 ± 1.7 p-value * * ns ns ns * - - ns ns P × Ca ns ‡ ns ns ns ns ns * * ns ns † Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. Y Regression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q. ƒ Interaction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for P tuber uptake on site 1 in 2016 and 2017. ‡ * significant at p < 0.05; *** significant at p < 0.001; ns, non-significant. Table 8 Mean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and tuber Ca uptake at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha -1 ) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha -1 ) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL. Site 1 Site 2 Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 2015 2016 ƒ 2017 ƒ 2016 2017 Ca aboveground uptake (kg ha − 1 ) Ca tuber uptake (kg ha − 1 ) ‡ P treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 6.8 ± 0.6 2.4 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.5 4.0 ± 0.4 5.6 ± 0.6 16.3 ± 2.4 d 54.4 ± 5.5 39.5 ± 3.8 32.0 ± 3.6 54.6 ± 3.4 45 7.5 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.6 2.8 ± 0.5 3.8 ± 0.4 6.1 ± 0.6 18.4 ± 2.4 cd 53.9 ± 5.5 39.8 ± 3.8 28.5 ± 3.6 51.3 ± 3.4 90 7.8 ± 0.6 3.8 ± 0.6 3.5 ± 0.5 5.0 ± 0.4 6.5 ± 0.6 36.7 ± 2.4 a 50.7 ± 5.5 35.8 ± 3.8 37.3 ± 3.6 55.2 ± 3.4 135 6.4 ± 0.6 3.3 ± 0.6 2.6 ± 0.5 4.2 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 0.6 26.6 ± 2.4 bc 48.4 ± 5.5 51.3 ± 3.8 33.3 ± 3.6 55.0 ± 3.4 180 7.9 ± 0.6 4.1 ± 0.6 2.6 ± 0.5 4.3 ± 0.4 4.5 ± 0.6 30.5 ± 2.4 ab 48.3 ± 5.5 41.5 ± 3.8 31.3 ± 3.6 51.5 ± 3.4 225 7.3 ± 0.6 3.9 ± 0.6 3.4 ± 0.5 4.1 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 0.6 28.6 ± 2.4 ab 47.1 ± 5.5 50.2 ± 3.8 32.1 ± 3.6 48.8 ± 3.4 p-value ns ns ns ns ns ***LQ Y ns ns ns ns r 2 0.09984 0.3974 0.6233 0.0957 0.2559 0.5063 0.1822 0.2022 0.2611 0.0220 Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 7.0 ± 0.3 3.3 ± 0.4 3.0 ± 0.3 3.9 ± 0.3 4.8 ± 0.5 b 24.7 ± 1.4 45.0 ± 3.2 b 42.7 ± 2.2 30.6 ± 2.6 50.5 ± 2.4 560 7.5 ± 0.3 3.5 ± 0.4 2.9 ± 0.3 4.6 ± 0.3 6.8 ± 0.5 a 27.6 ± 1.4 56.0 ± 3.2 a 43.3 ± 2.2 35.8 ± 2.6 54.9 ± 2.4 1120 - - - 4.2 ± 0.3 4.7 ± 0.5 b - - - 30.4 ± 2.6 52.7 ± 2.4 p-value ns ns ns ns * ns * ns ns ns P × Ca ns ‡ ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns † Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. Y Regression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q. ƒ Interaction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for P tuber uptake on site 1 in 2016 and 2017. ‡ * significant at p < 0.05; ns, non-significant. 3.5 Total yield, marketable yield, and tuber quality Analysis of variance revealed no interaction between P and Ca fertilizer rates for total and marketable yields at either Site 1 or Site 2. However, significant main effects of year and P fertilizer application were observed at Site 1 with cultivar Atlantic, thus yield responses as a function of P fertilizer rates were pooled. Average total yield of Atlantic cultivar at Site 1 was 38.47 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2016, 40.38 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2015, and 34.35 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2017. A significant quadratic relationship was observed between P fertilizer application for both total and marketable yield (Fig. 2 ). Estimated total and marketable yield without P fertilizer application at Site 1 were 34.58 and 30.33 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively. The highest total yield was estimated at 40.39 Mg ha⁻¹ with a P fertilizer application rate of 182 kg ha⁻¹, while the highest marketable yield of 34.89 Mg ha⁻¹ was estimated at 167 kg ha⁻¹ of P fertilizer application. The mass of unmarketable tubers did not differ significantly with P and Ca fertilizer treatments, ranging from 3.84 to 6.20 Mg ha⁻¹ across years. Application of 560 kg ha⁻¹ of Ca fertilizer significantly increased total and marketable tuber yield by 1.45 and 1.87 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2016, respectively, but not in other years. There was no significant effect ( p < 0.05) of P or Ca fertilizer on the specific gravity of Atlantic at Site 1, except in 2017, when the highest specific gravity of 1.091 was observed with a P fertilizer rate of 45 kg ha⁻¹ (Table 9 ). For the table stock cultivars, Fabula in 2016 and Red La Soda in 2017, no significant main effects or interactions of P and Ca fertilizer application were detected. Average total yield for Fabula was 32.98 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2016, and for Red La Soda 33.90 Mg ha⁻¹ in 2017. At Site 2 in both years, no clear trend in total or marketable yield was observed in response to P fertilizer application. Additionally, Ca fertilizer rates did not significantly affect total or marketable tuber yield for the table stock cultivars at Site 2. Tuber external quality was evaluated across all sites and years. Neither P nor Ca fertilizer rates significantly affected the incidence of physiological disorders, including growth cracks, misshapen tubers, hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, brown center, or greening. Table 9 Mean and standard error values of tuber specific gravity as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha − 1 ) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha − 1 ) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL. Site 1 Site 2 2015 2016 2017 2016 2017 Specific Gravity P treatments † (kg ha − 1 ) 0 1.074 ± 0.001 1.085 ± 0.001 1.088 ± 0.001 b † 1.043 ± 0.001 1.061 ± 0.001 45 1.075 ± 0.001 1.079 ± 0.001 1.091 ± 0.001 a 1.042 ± 0.001 1.061 ± 0.001 90 1.075 ± 0.001 1.086 ± 0.001 1.087 ± 0.001 b 1.042 ± 0.001 1.060 ± 0.001 135 1.075 ± 0.001 1.087 ± 0.001 1.086 ± 0.001 b 1.043 ± 0.001 1.061 ± 0.001 180 1.076 ± 0.001 1.084 ± 0.001 1.088 ± 0.001 b 1.042 ± 0.001 1.057 ± 0.001 225 1.077 ± 0.001 1.084 ± 0.001 1.086 ± 0.001 b 1.043 ± 0.001 1.059 ± 0.001 p-value ns Y ns *L ns **L r 2 0.2567 0.1424 0.1686 0.0003 0.1896 Ca treatments (kg ha − 1 ) 0 1.075 ± 0.007 1.084 ± 0.001 1.087 ± 0.001 1.043 ± 0.001 1.060 ± 0.001 560 1.075 ± 0.007 1.085 ± 0.001 1.088 ± 0.001 1.043 ± 0.001 1.060 ± 0.001 1120 - - - 1.043 ± 0.001 1.060 ± 0.001 p-value ns ns ns ns ns P × Ca ns ‡ ns ns ns ns † Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey’s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at p < 0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences. Y Regression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q. ‡ * significant at p < 0.05; *** significant at p < 0.001; ns, non-significant. 4. Discussion 4.1 Soil phosphorus and calcium content This study tracked M3 soil extractable P and exchangeable Ca over time following continuous applications of P and Ca fertilizer for three consecutive seasons at Site 1 and in two locations at Site 2. Consistent with decades of intensive vegetable production in northeast Florida with P‑sensitive crops such as potato, elevated M3 P and Ca are common across the region (Liao et al., 2015 ; Rodriguez et al., 2024 ). Initial M3 soil extractable P before treatments were 196 mg kg ‑1 at Site 1 in 2015, 198 mg kg ‑1 at Site 2 in 2016, and 113 mg kg ‑1 at Site 2 in 2017. These values below the average of 351 ± 129 mg kg -1 (± std. dev.) of extractable M3 surveyed across 32 private farms in northeast Florida reported by Liao et al.,(2015). Across sites and years, even with no applied P fertilizer (0 kg ha ‑1 P 2 O 5 ), the lowest M3 P measured was 156 mg kg ‑1 at Site 1 and 106 mg kg ‑1 at Site 2, confirming P‑rich soil depth layer. At Site 1, despite three years of repeated P fertilizer applications at the same location, there was no clear accumulation of M3 extractable P in the 0–15 cm soil layer, even at the highest P fertilizer rate. Given pH 5.5–6.5 and sandy textures with low CEC (4–8 cmol c kg ‑1 ), this pattern is more consistent with limited additional P retention surface‑layer, consistent P removal in tubers, and potential vertical redistribution than with strong Ca–phosphate precipitation. (Liao et al.) also reported most of the soil inorganic P dominated by Al/Fe‑bound pools, which would elevate solution P and favor movement to deeper layers where new sorption capacity exists. This helps explain that surface M3 P did not rise proportionally with added P while remaining elevated overall. In these sandy, low‑CEC soils with elevated M3 P and Ca, combined with a fluctuating irrigation water table, leaching of P and Ca into deeper soil layers can be exacerbated. Throughout the experiment, despite the average M3 extractable P content at Site 1 remaining around 200 mg kg -1 , there was a significant increase in total and marketable tuber yield, as well as in P uptake by tubers, in response to P fertilizer application. Notably, only Site 1 received cumulative P applications over three consecutive years at the same plots, which, in theory, would be expected to increase M3 extractable soil P. Although positive plant responses to the applied P fertilizer rates were observed, the M3 extractant did not indicate a corresponding increase in extractable soil P. This suggests that the measured M3 P values have not reflected the actual bioavailable soil P fraction accessible to the potato plants for achieving maximum yield potential. Initial M3 exchangeable Ca was high at both sites, 564 mg kg ‑1 at Site 1 (2015), 737 mg kg ‑1 at Site 2 (2016), and 764 mg kg ‑1 at Site 2 (2017), corresponding to 58%, 49%, and 65% of base saturation, respectively. Although Mao et al.,(2016) and Zhao et al. (2018) have reported increases in exchangeable Ca following CaSO 4 applications, such increases were not observed for the soils in this study, which was consistent with already high Ca occupying a large share of exchange sites and with the low CEC that limits further exchangeable Ca buildup. Liao et al.,(2015) documented annual CaSO 4 application rates ranging from 896 to 2240 kg ha -1 , despite soil Ca content in soil (M1 extractant) at the 0–20 cm depth ranging from 374 to 3362 mg kg -1 , levels classified as 'very high' (Hochmuth et al., 2018 ; Liu et al., 2018 ). Gypsum applications can raise soil electrical conductivity (EC) (Buck et al., 2020 ; Dunlop et al., 2019 ; Havlin et al., 1999 ; Machado et al., 2014 ; Mao et al., 2016 ), and in potato, which is sensitive to salinity, field‑level EC can increase from 1.3 to 1.7–2.5 dS m ‑1 potentially compromising yield. Given the low CEC, the already high exchangeable Ca, and the absence of a soil Ca response to gypsum in this study, additional CaSO 4 application to improve tuber yield or quality was not justified. Soil pH remained near 6.1 across seasons at both sites and was not significantly affected by P or Ca fertilizer treatments, although transient seasonal fluctuations occurred (e.g., slight declines after pre‑planting and partial recovery later in 2015–2016; a gradual decline through 2017). Heavy rainfall events can lower EC and exchangeable cations and can mobilize soluble P, but in this study pH and exchangeable Ca stayed within moderate ranges, while M3 P remained high, indicating that rainfall did not depress extractable P in the surface layer. Where soil pH dipped toward the low 6s or upper 5s, increased Fe/Al solubility would be expected to enhance P sorption; nevertheless, persistently high M3 P suggests that sorption sites in the surface horizon were already substantially occupied and/or replenished by desorption, keeping extractable P elevated. 4.2 Plant biomass accumulation and P uptake Adequate soil P bioavailability promotes rapid canopy development and growth, leading to increased aboveground biomass, plant P uptake and yield (Jenkins,Ali, 2000 ). Considering the average M3 extractable soil P at pre-plant ranged from 176 to 243 mg kg -1 in Site 1 and 116 to 213 mg kg -1 in Site 2; the aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake were largely unaffected by increasing rates of P and Ca fertilization in most seasons. Exceptions occurred at Site 1, in 2015 for P fertilizer application, and in 2015 and 2016 for Ca fertilizer application, where treatments 0 and 45 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer produced lower aboveground biomass compared to higher P rates. Sanderson et al.,(2003) reported a significant 10–14% increase in total tuber yield of cv. Russet Burban’ following the application of 66 or 109 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer compared to the unfertilized control in a sandy soil with a M3 extractable P content exceeding 108 mg kg -1 . Similarly, Qiu et al.,(2022) observed a positive tuber yield response of cultivar Atlantic to P fertilization in soils containing 220–470 mg kg -1 of M3 extractable P, and concluded that 50 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer was sufficient to maintain yields and compensate for P sorption by Fe and Al. Phosphorus fixation in Florida Spodosols is well documented (Harris et al., 2010 ; Villapando,Graetz, 2001 ; Zhou et al., 1997 ), which may help explain the significant reduction of aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake observed in this study when treatments 0 and 45 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer were applied. Potato growers in northeast Florida, along with P fertilizer rate studies, have reported yield declines in the absence of P fertilization, even in elevated soils test results with M3 extractable P (Qiu et al., 2022 ), again suggesting that current extractants may draw from pools not fully bioavailable to potato, potentially overestimating plant‑available P. These results are consistent with the P extracted by M3 at Site 1 (Table 4 ), where even in 2017, following three consecutive years of increasing P fertilizer application rates, which theoretically would result in accumulation of soil P, the extractant was not sensitive enough to capture this accumulation. The results also indicated that the relationship between applied P fertilizer rates and P tuber uptake in 2017, followed a quadratic response. This suggests that even in soils with relatively high initial P levels, there is a critical level beyond which additional P application does not result in further plant P uptake. For the remaining years and sites, the initial soil P levels were sufficient to support the potato aboveground biomass accumulation of 1.7 to 2.8 Mg ha -1 and aboveground P uptake of 4 to 12 kg ha -1 of P. The aboveground biomass accumulation values in this study were comparable obtained in previous studies with total yield ranging between 30 to 40 Mg ha -1 , which are acceptable yield to commercial production (Rens, Libby R. et al., 2015; Zotarelli et al., 2014 ). At Site 1, M3 exchangeable Ca ranged from 410 to 620 mg kg -1 , within the sufficiency range for vegetable crops. In 2015 and 2016, Ca fertilizer application increased aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake, this effect was not observed in the following year or in Site 2, with M3 exchangeable Ca ranging from 703 to 778 mg kg -1 in Site 2. In Florida, tuber initiation generally occurs around 45–55 DAP, and adequate supply of P in this stage and during tuber bulking is critical for yield. The interactive effect of P and Ca fertilizer rates on whole plant biomass and P tuber uptake was significant at Site 1 in 2015 and 2016 (Tables 6 and 7 ). At the P fertilizer rates of 0 and 45 kg ha -1 , applying 560 kg ha -1 of CaSO 4 tended to increase the whole plant biomass and tuber P accumulation which suggests that the accompanying SO 4 2- may reduce Ca 2+ activity in soil solution and shift equilibria toward more soluble Ca–P compounds, increasing plant-available P while additional Ca 2+ limits phosphate fixation. Conversely, at P fertilizer rates at 90 kg ha -1 and above, the effect Ca 2+ on the total biomass accumulation was not detected because most of the P needed by the plant was supplied by P fertilizer. At Site 2, where M3 exchangeable Ca values exceeded 700 mg kg -1 , the interaction of Ca and P fertilizer rates on plant biomass accumulation and P uptake was not observed. There were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer applications on aboveground or tuber Ca uptake for any cultivar in any year, an expected result given that fertilization had no effect on soil-extracted Ca across all sites and years. As noted earlier, the initial soil Ca contents prior to the implementation of the experiment were high, which explains the similarity in Ca uptake by the plants across all sites and years. 4.3 Total yield, marketable yield, and tuber quality Total and marketable yield responded differently to P fertilizer applications between Site 1 and Site 2. At Site 1, the processing cultivar (Atlantic) was grown in the same plots without randomization across years, allowing results to be combined in a single analysis. There was a significant quadratic response of total and marketable yield to P fertilizer application (Fig. 2 ). Maximum total and marketable yields of 40.39 and 34.89 Mg ha ‑1 were achieved at 182 and 167 kg ha ‑1 of P fertilizer application rates, respectively. Within the study’s rate range, applying 90 kg ha -1 of P fertilizer increased total and marketable yields by 5.3 and 4.6 Mg ha -1 , respectively, compared to no P fertilizer application. For context, USDA-NASS (2024) reported an average marketable potato yield of 31.3 Mg ha -1 in 2020 in Florida, and northeast Florida field trials with cultivar Atlantic under seepage irrigation reported 29.6 to 36.2 Mg ha -1 (Rens et al., 2015 ; Rens et al., 2018 ). The result from the present study indicates that for Site 1 and within the M3 extractable P range 156–200 mg kg -1 , supplemental P fertilizer was needed to achieve maximum tuber yields or to maintain yields near the Florida state average. Although adjusted quadratic model for yield response to P fertilizer application achieve maximum yields at P rates of 182 and 167 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 for total and marketable yield, the yield gain for rates beyond 90 kg ha -1 of P 2 O 5 , was relatively small, in the order of 0.01 to 0.50 Mg ha -1 . Thus, even in soils with elevated initial M3 extractable P, crop yield can still respond to P fertilization, however, there appears to be a threshold beyond which additional phosphate application does not further enhance yield (Sandhu et al., 2024 ; Sharma et al., 2025 ). At site 2, the trial was cultivated at two different locations in each year with two different cultivars each year, therefore, due to the variables, the yield response to P fertilizer was analyzed separated. Mehlich-3 extractable P averaged 215 mg kg -1 in 2016 and 116 mg kg -1 in 2017. Regardless of site and year, total and marketable yields did not differ significantly with P rate (Fig. 2 ). For cultivar Fabula in 2016 total and marketable yield was 33.0 and 19.3 Mg ha -1 , and for Red La Soda in 2017, was 33.9 and 23.6 Mg ha -1 , respectively. For those tablestock cultivars, application of increasing rates P fertilizer did not significantly affect tuber quality parameters such as decay which was measured at 9.5 Mg ha -1 for Fabula in 2016, and 1.9 Mg ha -1 for Red La Soda in 2017. 4.4 Limitations and future approach The findings of this study suggest that relying on M3 as the primary index of plant bioavailable P in sandy, low‑CEC soils can overestimate the P accessible to potato crop and highlights the need of a recalibration of soil test critical level. A regional P fertilizer calibration study should include a range of sites with similar soil characteristics but with wide range of soil P levels. In this study, sampling was limited to the 0–15 cm soil depth layer, preventing assessment of P dynamics and redistribution in the soil profile, which is particularly relevant given the sandy soils and potential for downward movement. Pairing M3 P with M3 Fe and M3 Al to calculate a P saturation ratio, or incorporating P fractionation, to better understanding the soil P dynamics. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations for potatoes should also account for crop P removal (Rosen et al. 2014 ). Future work should include stratified sampling below 0–15 cm to evaluate downward movement of soluble or weakly bound P into Al/Fe‑rich subsoil horizons. Because of the influence of hydrological drivers under seepage or subirrigation-drainage tile on soil P and Ca dynamics, further investigation on the impact of rain or intensive water table management (e.g., water-table logging, or drainage sampling) need to be considered. Additional studies are needed to further track the micronutrient interactions (e.g., zinc under high P), placement and timing of P fertilizer. 5. Conclusion This study aimed to improve P fertilizer management for commercial processing and table stock potato cultivars in northeast Florida and to evaluate whether Ca (as CaSO 4 ) fertilizer application could enhance yield, quality, or soil P bioavailability. Across multi‑season field trials at two sites characterized by sandy texture and low cation exchange capacity, pre‑plant M3 P was not a reliable indicator of bioavailable P for potato. Under these conditions, yield responses to P were site‑specific: at site 1, total and marketable yield followed a quadratic response with small yield gains with P rates beyond 90 kg ha ‑1 P 2 O 5 , whereas at site 2, no yield or quality response was detected despite the increasing P fertilizer rates. Application of CaSO 4 did not increase soil‑test Ca, P availability, plant P uptake, yield, or quality at either site. Given the existing high soil exchangeable Ca and potato’s sensitivity to salinity, routine application of CaSO 4 could not be justified in this study and should be avoided to limit unnecessary increases in soil electrical conductivity. In practice, more research is needed to refine soil test based P fertilization for site-specific potato production in Florida. By incorporating crop P removal and the P saturation ratio based on Fe and Al into recommendations that can better align rates with plant demand and counter Mehlich‑3’s tendency to overestimate plant bioavailable P. Across three years, P application induced a quadratic response of total and marketable tuber yield, and in P tuber uptake to increasing P fertilizer application. This indicates that plants used applied P despite little change in M3‑extractable P, reinforcing that M3 P may overestimate bioavailable P in these soils, implying that the M3 extractant may not reliably indicate the soil bioavailable P fraction. Furthermore, the data indicates the existence of a threshold in P fertilizer application beyond which no additional yield benefits are observed for potato cultivation. This underscores the necessity for further studies to understand the soil P dynamic, calibration and validation of P fertilization guidelines specific to northeast Florida soils, aiming to prevent unnecessary P applications in fields with adequate bioavailable P levels. Adoption of such optimized fertilization strategies at the regional scale could reduce production costs and mitigate eutrophication risk in adjacent waters. Declarations Competing Interests Statement Authors declare that they have no significant competing financial, professional, or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript. Funding Declaration We thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crop Multi-State Block Grant Program for funding this research (Federal Award #10.170; FDACS Contract #021755). Author Contribution D. Racano, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing original draft, review and editing; L. Zotarelli, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, investigation, methodology, supervision, validation, writing, review and editing; A. K. Sharma, G. F. Castro, J. de M. Oliveira, R. Gupta, visualization, review and editing; visualization, review and editing; G. Liu, conceptualization, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, review and editing. Acknowledgement The authors thank University of Florida, Hastings Agricultural Extension Center technicians Scott Taylor, Scott Chambers, Pam Solano, and Bart Herrington for their assistance with field operations. 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":278761,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eWeather conditions of the 2015, 2016, and 2017 potato seasons referred to planting and harvesting time at Site 1 and Site 2, including rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum air temperature (°C) at 60 cm recorded at 15-min intervals. Data was retrieved from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN) at the University of Florida- Hastings Agricultural Extension Center in Hastings, FL.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7455324/v1/b5c52b2085557b4a4b93f935.png"},{"id":92546438,"identity":"51bc6d15-9177-40d7-a3f7-438e09574ada","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-30 20:47:04","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":297510,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffects of six P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) on the total and marketable potato yield (Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) at Site 1 for cultivar Atlantic (year 2015, 2016, and 2017 combined) and Site 2 in 2016 for cultivar Fabula and in 2017 for cultivar Red La Soda. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7455324/v1/31c79e758017872235aeb1a8.jpeg"},{"id":104740459,"identity":"595fe3b5-5ad7-484a-8dae-accd15fa3ea4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-16 16:18:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2603296,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7455324/v1/8db95cd1-c8da-4565-acef-ed09bcac85a1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Agronomic response of phosphorus and calcium rates for processing and table stock potatoes in northeast Florida","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003ePotato (\u003cem\u003eSolanum tuberosum\u003c/em\u003e L.) is recognized as an important crop worldwide, and provides a high caloric intake for the human diet in many countries (Hopkins et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). This is mainly due to the high tubers starch content and free sugars as for instance sucrose, glucose, and fructose (Le Tourneau, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1956\u003c/span\u003e). The U.S. ranks 4th after China, India, and Ukraine for total potato production worldwide (FAOSTAT, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e). In the U.S., several states produce potatoes, mainly during the summer and fall months. Florida is one of the few states that can produce potatoes during winter and spring. Florida represents a relevant potato production state with approximately 8,000 hectares planted in 2023, fetching higher prices for each unit sold that generated about \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e118\u0026nbsp;million in the U.S. potato market (USDA-NASS, 2024).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the nutrients needed to sustain crop production, an adequate supply of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are required to sustain potato plant growth and yield. Phosphorus influences plant growth by participating in different metabolic processes, such as energy transfer and structural components of phospholipids, nucleic acid, and coenzymes. Thus, P fertilizer application is necessary for the plant from early plant growth (Rosen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). However, in some soil types, P is not always readily available for plant uptake because it is bound by aluminum (Al) or iron (Fe) depending on soil pH. The dominant inorganic P (Pi) fraction in northeast Florida soils, which is extracted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), can be bound by Al or Fe (Liao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Conversely, with the increase in soil pH, P reacts with Ca, diminishing potentially reducing its plant availability. In potato, Ca promotes improvements in tuber quality as it is a structural component of the cell membrane (Kobayashi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). In the soil, Ca serves as a flocculating agent of clay particles promoting aggregation, mitigating soil dispersion in sodic soils, chemically Ca maintains a cationic balance with soil cations and buffers soil pH. There has been an inconsistent response to P fertilizer application, which is highly dependent on the season, cultivar, and sites (Fernandes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Rosen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Soratto et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) and limited research conducted to explore the interaction between P and Ca fertilizers in sandy soil with low organic matter such as in northeast FL. A field study conducted by Maier et al.,(1989) found the inconsistent trends of tubers and leaf Ca concentration. Similarly, in hydroponics potato seed production, increasing concentration of P and Ca did not increase the tuber yield or number of tubers, however it increased shoot and root weight and leaf area significantly (Abbasian et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA soil survey conducted in commercial fields of northeast Florida revealed a wide range of soil P and Ca content. Soil extractable P ranged from 39 to 538 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (Mehlich-1, M1) and 81 to 591 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (Mehlich-3, M3), while M1 exchangeable Ca levels ranging from 285 to 1572 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Despite the high levels of extractable P and exchangeable Ca in the soil, in some cases, applications of up to 112 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e and up to 2240 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e are common in potato production in Florida (Liao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Despite the abovementioned soil extractable P level, tuber yield response to additional P fertilizer has been reported in the northeast Florida (Pesantes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025b\u003c/span\u003e; Qiu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Currently, Florida's potato growers are legally required to enroll in the State Best Management Practices (BMP) Program and implement applicable BMPs on their fields, including following the UF/IFAS P fertilizer recommendations, or conduct water quality monitoring to demonstrate compliance with water quality standards at the farmer's expense. In 2010, M3 was adopted as a standard soil extractant in Florida. According to Mylavarapu et al.,(2022), no P fertilizer was needed if M3 soil extractable P levels were above 45 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Thus, no P fertilizer application was recommended by the UF/IFAS for many years in the northeast Florida. Since then, many field studies conducted with potatoes have since clearly reported increased yields with applied P fertilizer in soils with M3 extractable P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;45 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, indicating that P sufficiency level was not adequate for northeast Florida\u0026rsquo;s soils (Pesantes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025a\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025b\u003c/span\u003e; Qiu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). In 2022, a provisional P fertilizer rate of 135 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (120 lb ac\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) was ratified, regardless of the M3 soil testing results until calibration studies were conducted to validate the new P fertilizer recommendation for potatoes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA few studies have been carried out on P fertilizer rate effect on potato production in northeast Florida, however, none of them evaluated the interaction of P (P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e rates) and Ca fertilizer (CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e rates). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of P and Ca fertilizers, and their interactions on plant P and Ca availability, potato plant growth, potato tuber yield, and tuber quality.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1 \u003cem\u003eLocation, experimental design, and crop management\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted on Site 1 in 2015, 2016 and 2017 at the same location, and at two different locations within Site 2 in 2016 (Location 1) and 2017 (Location 2). Site 1 was the research farm of the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Hastings Agricultural Extension Center (HAEC), Hastings, FL, U.S. (N 29.65123\u0026deg;, W 82.34286\u0026deg;) and Site 2 was a commercial potato farm located 7.5 km from Site 1 in Elkton, FL, U.S. At Site 1, soil was Holopaw fine sand series, which is classified as loamy, siliceous, and hyperthermic Grossarenic Ocraqualfs (Soil Survey Staff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), which soil proportion particle fractions were 94.0% sand, 2.5% silt, and 3.5% clay (Campbell et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; da Silva et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). At Site 2, soil was Tocoi fine sand series which is classified as sandy siliceous, hypertermic, Ultic Haplaquods with soil proportion particle fractions were 94.5% sand, 4.3% silt, and 1.2% clay (Soil Survey Staff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe experimental design consisted of twelve treatments arranged in a factorial design with six rates of P fertilizer (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) in combination with two rates of Ca fertilizer (0 and 560 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) assigned in randomized complete blocks replicated four times for Site 1. In Site 2, the same experimental design was applied with an additional CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e rate of 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, totaling 18 treatments with four replications. Treatments were assigned to the exact same location in all three seasons in Site 1. A summary of P and Ca fertilizer treatments is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. In both sites, the experimental plot size was 48 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, comprising four 12 m-long rows spaced 1 m apart, and in-row plant spacing was 0.20 m. The P fertilizer (triple superphosphate, 46% of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, 20% of P) treatment was applied pre-planting, while the Ca fertilizer (gypsum, 79% of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e, 23.3% of Ca) treatment was applied at emergence by manually broadcasting on the top of each plot row edge, followed by mechanically incorporation during the hilling process. In all years, Site 1 was planted with Atlantic cultivar and Site 2 was planted with cultivar Fabula in 2016 (Location 1), and cultivar Red La Soda in 2017 (Location 2).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe fertilizer with N and K was applied at the rates of 112N-0P-96K kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e at pre-planting and at the rates of 56N-0P-56K kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e at emergence and side-dressing at tuber initiation. In both sites, irrigation water was supplied through subirrigation-drainage tile system. Phytosanitary management followed the guidelines of the Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida (Zotarelli et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Rainfall and air temperature were measured at Site 1 using the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN, \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.fawn.ifas.ufl.edu\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.fawn.ifas.ufl.edu\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.fawn.ifas.ufl.edu\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e) at 15-minute intervals, which was further calculated for the daily average.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhosphorus fertilizer (P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) and calcium fertilizer (CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) rates applied at pre-plant and at plant emergence to Site 1 in 2015, 2016, and 2017, Hastings, FL and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017 potato seasons, Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreatments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epre-planting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplant emergence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003epre-planting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eplant emergence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e(kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd 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colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 \u003cem\u003eSoil phosphorus and calcium sampling and analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoil samples were collected from the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil depth layer before the first fertilizer application and right before harvest according to the dates presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The soil samples were air dried, sieved to 2 mm and shipped out to Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. (Camila, GA, U.S.). Determination of Mehlich-3 extractable P (mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e), exchangeable Ca (mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e), and soil pH in water were performed as proposed by Sikora and Moore,(2014). As per Mehlich-3 procedure, the soil samples were oven-dried at 65\u0026deg;C for 7 days and stored for subsequent soil chemical analysis. The P concentration in soil extracts based on Mehlich-3 procedure, 2.5 g of soil (scoop) to 20 mL of solution (Mehlich, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1984\u003c/span\u003e), were determined using induced coupled plasma, optical emission spectrometry at the Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. Soil pH was measured using a 1:2 ratio of soil volume to water in a 60-mL polypropylene test tube. The samples were shaken for 5 min and then allowed to settle for 30 min. The soil pH was measured using a pH meter (Thermo Scientific, Orion Star A215).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3 \u003cem\u003ePlant biomass sampling and tissue analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom Site 1, the aboveground biomass sampling was carried out at the peak of accumulation approximately 80 days after planting (DAP) on May 11 2015, May 3 2016, and April 21 2017; and on Site 2, the biomass sampling occurred on May 11 2016, and May 5 2017. Aboveground biomass samples, constituted of two plants, were collected from each experimental plot at both sites. During harvest, a 200 g sample of representative marketable tubers per experimental unit was selected and sliced for tuber biomass accumulation. Aboveground and tuber tissue fresh samples were oven-dried at 65\u0026deg;C until reaching constant dry weight, then ground with a laboratory mill (Model 4, Arthur H. Thomas Company, Philadelphia, PA). Dried tissue samples were used to determine aboveground and tuber tissue total P concentration at Waters Agricultural Laboratories, Inc. (Camilla, GA). Tissue samples were digested using the aluminum block digestion procedure described by Gallaher et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1975\u003c/span\u003e). The correspondent total P and Ca concentration in the tissue of the tubers, leaves and stems were analyzed according to U.S. EPA Method 365.1 (O\u0026rsquo;Dell, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1993\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTimeline of field activities related to fertilizer application, planting and harvest dates of potato in Site 1 in 2015, 2016, and 2017, Hastings, FL and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017 potato seasons, Elkton, FL. P fertilizer- P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e and Ca fertilizer- CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e; DAP- days after planting.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eActivity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDAP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDAP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDAP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDAP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDAP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP fertilizer application\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26 Jan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN and K fertilizer application\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27 Jan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 Jan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa fertilizer application\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21 Feb\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1st side-dressing\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e at plant emergence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2nd side dressing\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e at tuber initiation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22 Mar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28 May\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17 May\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11 May\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10 June\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22 May\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e Pre-planting N and K fertilizer application- 112N-0-96K kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e Side-dressing N and K fertilizer application- 56N-0P-56K kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4 \u003cem\u003eHarvest, yield, and quality\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn all experimental years and sites, potatoes were harvested from sub-plots comprised of two rows of 6 m long. The harvesting schedule and specific dates are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Plant stand was determined for all seasons, and weight of tubers was converted to Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e considering the harvested length and number of plants. Tubers were graded for tuber yield and quality measurements using USDA standards (USDA, 1997). Tubers were sorted and weighed by size classes: A4 (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;10.2 cm), A3 (8.3\u0026ndash;10.1 cm), A2 (6.4\u0026ndash;8.2 cm), A1 (4.8\u0026ndash;6.3 cm), B (3.8\u0026ndash;4.7 cm), and C (1.3\u0026ndash;3.7 cm) and culls. The marketable yield was obtained by excluding the weight of culls, B and C categories from the weight of the total harvested tubers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA subsample of approximately 2000 g of marketable tubers was retained to determine tuber specific gravity, calculated as the weight in air divided by the difference between the weight in air and the weight in water. Additionally, twenty potato tubers were randomly collected from each plot, cut into quarter longitudinal sections and evaluated the incidence of internal physiological disorders including hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, and brown center.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5 \u003cem\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll data were analyzed for distribution of residuals and homogeneity of variances for best model fitting. Mixed linear model methodology as implemented in the SAS\u0026reg; GLIMMIX procedure (SAS/STAT 15.1; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) was used to analyze total yield, marketable yield, specific gravity, aboveground dry biomass accumulation, whole plant dry biomass accumulation, tuber P concentration, and P uptake. Soil samples were analyzed through a linear mixed model with a repeated measurements correlation and block as a random effect, with a full factorial design of P and Ca fertilizer treatments per block. Sampling time was also considered a fixed effect. Multiple comparisons of differences in treatment means were compared using Tukey\u0026rsquo;s multiple comparison procedure (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The analysis was repeated for each measured variable for each site and year separately using RStudio v1.0.136 (Team, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The visualization graphs were created using the package \u0026lsquo;ggplot2\u0026rsquo; (Wickham, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) and Sigma Plot 15.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1 \u003cem\u003eOverview of weather patterns\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe air temperature and rainfall events were recorded at Site 1 across the potato growing seasons (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Cumulative rainfall from planting to harvest at Site 1 was 156, 279, and 152 mm for the 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively with corresponding average air temperatures of 22, 20, and 19\u0026deg;C, respectively. Site 2 received the cumulative rainfall of 410 and 157 mm, in 2016 and 2017, respectively, with corresponding average air temperatures of 22 and 20\u0026deg;C, thus Site 2 was markedly wetter than Site 1 in 2016, but similar in 2017. Scattered events of freezing air temperatures were reported at least once in each season, however, they did not impact potato growth. Across both sites, planting occurred under cool nights and mild temperatures during the day, followed by a steady spring warming towards the harvest. Rainfall was episodic, in 2015, the early season was relatively dry, and rains intensified from mid-May into June; in 2016, a major precipitation event occurred before planting, with intermittent rainfall through March and April, followed by relatively dry conditions starting late May throughout the harvest window. In 2017, a pronounced precipitation event occurred in early April, followed by mostly light precipitation events until harvest. Late season rain showers coinciding with crop bulking and maturing stage tended to accelerate crop maturity, while intense rainfall during harvest directly impact the proportion of culls. During the cover crop cultivation, there was a large precipitation rate of 165 mm in two days due to the passage of Hurricane Matthew on October 6th and 7th, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2 \u003cem\u003eSoil phosphorus and calcium content\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eBefore fertilizer application and planting, soil testing provided an overview of the soil chemical status of the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm depth layer and some differences among sites (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The average soil pH for the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil depth layer at Site 1 was 5.8, in 2015, while at Site 2, the average soil pH at planting was 6.1 in 2016, and 5.2 in 2017. Soil P content was similar between in Site 1 and Site 2 in 2016, with average values of 197 mg kg⁻\u0026sup1;, while Site 2 in 2017, P content was 113 mg kg⁻\u0026sup1;. In contrast, soil Ca contents were about 25% lower in Site 1 compared to Site 2. In all sites, Ca contributed with 48% and 65% of the soil solution base saturation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoil chemical characterization of the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm depth layer before fertilizer treatments and planting of Site 1 in 2015 and Site 2 in 2016 and 2017. Mehlich-3 extractable or exchangeable; CEC, cation exchange capacity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% Base saturation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite/Year\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCEC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%Mg\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%H\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003emeq 100 g\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1/2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e564\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2/2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e737\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2/2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e764\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer rates on M3 extractable soil P content at either site in any year (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). However, P fertilizer application significantly increased M3 extractable soil P content at Site 1 at harvest in 2015 and 2016 (p\u0026lt;0.05), but not in 2017. At Site 2 in 2016, M3 extractable soil P content at planting ranged from 200 to 245 mg kg⁻\u0026sup1; across P fertilizer rates, with no significant differences among P fertilizer rates at the harvest. In 2017, the trial was conducted in a different location than 2016, extractable P levels were much lower, ranging from 105 to 125 mg kg⁻\u0026sup1; at planting and increasing to 141 to 170 mg kg⁻\u0026sup1; at harvest, again without significant P fertilizer rate effects on M3 extractable soil P content. The different rates of Ca fertilizer application had no significant effects on the M3 extractable soil P content across sites and years, except in 2015 at Site 1 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05) (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Neither P nor Ca fertilizer applications affected soil M3 exchangeable Ca content across sites, years, and soil sampling dates (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3 \u003cem\u003ePlant biomass accumulation\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere was no significant interaction between P and Ca fertilizer application on aboveground or whole plant biomass for either the chipping cultivar or the table stock cultivars (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). However, both P and Ca fertilizer rates had significant main effects on aboveground and whole plant biomass, varying by cultivar, site, and year (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). For cultivar Atlantic planted at Site 1, the aboveground biomass showed no significant response to increasing P fertilizer rates in 2016 and 2017, but a significant linear-quadratic increase was observed in 2015. Aboveground biomass peaked at 3.1 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; with 90 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of P fertilizer applied in 2015. Whole plant biomass of cultivar Atlantic increased significantly with increasing P fertilizer rates in both 2015 and 2016, but no significant trend was observed in 2017. Whole plant biomass consistently peaked, ranging from 10.9 to 11.3 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1;, when 90 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of P fertilizer was applied across most years. No significant response to increasing P fertilizer rates was observed for either aboveground or whole plant biomass of the any table stock cultivar planted at Site 2 in 2016 and 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere was a significant effect of Ca fertilizer rates on the aboveground biomass of the chipping cultivar in 2015 and 2016 while no significant trend was detected in 2017 at Site 1. In the first two years, aboveground biomass was consistently higher with a 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; Ca fertilizer application. The aboveground and whole plant biomass of the two table stock cultivars at Site 2 were not significantly affected by changing Ca fertilizer rates, although biomasses were slightly higher, ranging from 2.2 to 2.4 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; for aboveground and 10.7\u0026ndash;12.5 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; for whole plant biomass when 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of Ca fertilizer was applied in both years, regardless of P fertilizer rates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.4 \u003cem\u003ePlant phosphorus and calcium uptake\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer application on aboveground P or Ca uptake for any cultivar in any year at either site (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). However, P fertilizer rates significantly affected aboveground P uptake in 2015 and 2017 and Ca fertilizer in 2015 and 2016 for cultivar Atlantic planted at Site 1. For Atlantic, Ca fertilizer significantly affected aboveground Ca uptake in 2015 and 2016. In contrast, neither P nor Ca fertilizer application significantly impacted aboveground P uptake for the table stock cultivars Fabula and Red La Soda at Site 2. However, a Ca fertilizer application of 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; significantly increased aboveground Ca uptake for Red La Soda in 2017 compared to Ca fertilizer application of 0 and 1120 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). The relationship between applied P rates and aboveground P uptake was linear-quadratic in 2015 and quadratic in 2017. In 2015, aboveground P uptake peaked at 12.3 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e with 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer, while in 2017, peak uptake was 4.7 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P with 135 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAboveground P uptake for Atlantic was significantly higher in 2015 than in 2016 and 2017. In 2015, tuber P and Ca uptake both exhibited a linear-quadratic response to increasing rates of P fertilizer, peaking at P fertilizer rate of 99 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (i.e., quadratic response). A significant P and Ca fertilizer rates interaction was observed for tuber P uptake of cultivar Atlantic at Site 1, in 2016 and 2017. Regardless of Ca fertilizer rates (0 or 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1;), tuber P uptake showed a quadratic response to increasing P fertilizer rates. Specifically, a 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of Ca fertilizer application significantly increased tuber P uptake when no P fertilizer was applied in both 2016 and 2017, and also at a P fertilizer rate of 45 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2016 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). No interaction was found between P and Ca fertilizer rates on tuber Ca uptake, although a 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of Ca fertilizer application significantly increased tuber Ca uptake in 2016 specifically for Atlantic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of soil Mehlich-3 extractable P content (mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) from the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil depth layer for P and Ca fertilizer application rates sampled at planting and harvest in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMehlich-3 extractable P content (mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e237.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e161.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6 c\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e156.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e159.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e224.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e185.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e206.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e207.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e105.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e141.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e265.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e184.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6 c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e172.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e216.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e219.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e200.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e109.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e167.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e208.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e246.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e214.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e170.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e253.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e214.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e248.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e239.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e205.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e202.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e121.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e168.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e227\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.4 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e213.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e177.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e188.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e200.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e192.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e219.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e210.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e114.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e197.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e206.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e203.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e166.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e214.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e206.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e152.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eMean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of soil Mehlich-3 extractable Ca content (mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) from the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil depth layer for P and Ca fertilizer application rates sampled at planting and harvest in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2, in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlanting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHarvest\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMehlich-3 exchangeable Ca content (mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e430\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27 ab\u0026dagger;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e415\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e470\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e490\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e410\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e724\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e645\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e773\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e775\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e412\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e420\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e524\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e547\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e424\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e527\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e703\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e646\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e755\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e767\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e464\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e450\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e528\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e542\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e468\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e468\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e773\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e740\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e750\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e820\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e457\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e435\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e527\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e554\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e449\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e620\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e727\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e728\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e769\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e740\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e478\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e466\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e531\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e574\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e452\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e484\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e740\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e849\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e774\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e783\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e511\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e455\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e550\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e552\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e421\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e511\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;57\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e747\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e661\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e778\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e778\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e465\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e444\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e519\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e424\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e747\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e656\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e738\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e707\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e452\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e436\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e567\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e450\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e537\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e735\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e715\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e818\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e792\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e725\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e762\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e744\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e804\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026dagger;Mean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and whole plant dry biomass at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAboveground biomass (Mg ha\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eWhole Plant Biomass (Mg ha\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCa\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003etreatments (kg ha\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e560\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e560\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 b\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***L\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*Q\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5453\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1158\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4893\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5893\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2977\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3974\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1069\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2306\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 b\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"14\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eMean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eY\u003c/sup\u003eRegression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; ***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eƒ\u003c/sup\u003eInteraction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for whole plant biomass on site 1 in 2015 and 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger; *\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; \u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and tuber P uptake at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"22\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c21\" colnum=\"21\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c22\" colnum=\"22\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP aboveground uptake (kg ha\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP tuber uptake (kg ha\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e560\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e560\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 c\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2c\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.2 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*Q\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*LQ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**Q\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**Q\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**Q\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5759\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1418\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3959\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1626\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.108\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2079\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4635\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2379\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3959\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2194\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1562\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.7 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"22\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eMean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eY\u003c/sup\u003eRegression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; ***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eƒ\u003c/sup\u003eInteraction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for P tuber uptake on site 1 in 2016 and 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger; *\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; \u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of potato plant aboveground and tuber Ca uptake at plant maturation as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eƒ\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCa aboveground uptake (kg ha\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCa tuber uptake (kg ha\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 d\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 cd\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 bc\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4 ab\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e***LQ\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.09984\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3974\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6233\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0957\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2559\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5063\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1822\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2022\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2611\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.2 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.2 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eMean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eY\u003c/sup\u003eRegression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; **\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; ***\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eƒ\u003c/sup\u003eInteraction effect P and Ca fertilizer rates for P tuber uptake on site 1 in 2016 and 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger; *\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.5 \u003cem\u003eTotal yield, marketable yield, and tuber quality\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of variance revealed no interaction between P and Ca fertilizer rates for total and marketable yields at either Site 1 or Site 2. However, significant main effects of year and P fertilizer application were observed at Site 1 with cultivar Atlantic, thus yield responses as a function of P fertilizer rates were pooled. Average total yield of Atlantic cultivar at Site 1 was 38.47 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2016, 40.38 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2015, and 34.35 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2017. A significant quadratic relationship was observed between P fertilizer application for both total and marketable yield (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Estimated total and marketable yield without P fertilizer application at Site 1 were 34.58 and 30.33 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1;, respectively. The highest total yield was estimated at 40.39 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; with a P fertilizer application rate of 182 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1;, while the highest marketable yield of 34.89 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; was estimated at 167 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of P fertilizer application. The mass of unmarketable tubers did not differ significantly with P and Ca fertilizer treatments, ranging from 3.84 to 6.20 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; across years. Application of 560 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; of Ca fertilizer significantly increased total and marketable tuber yield by 1.45 and 1.87 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2016, respectively, but not in other years. There was no significant effect (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) of P or Ca fertilizer on the specific gravity of Atlantic at Site 1, except in 2017, when the highest specific gravity of 1.091 was observed with a P fertilizer rate of 45 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the table stock cultivars, Fabula in 2016 and Red La Soda in 2017, no significant main effects or interactions of P and Ca fertilizer application were detected. Average total yield for Fabula was 32.98 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2016, and for Red La Soda 33.90 Mg ha⁻\u0026sup1; in 2017. At Site 2 in both years, no clear trend in total or marketable yield was observed in response to P fertilizer application. Additionally, Ca fertilizer rates did not significantly affect total or marketable tuber yield for the table stock cultivars at Site 2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTuber external quality was evaluated across all sites and years. Neither P nor Ca fertilizer rates significantly affected the incidence of physiological disorders, including growth cracks, misshapen tubers, hollow heart, internal heat necrosis, brown center, or greening.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean and standard error values of tuber specific gravity as function P fertilizer rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at pre-plant applications, followed by Ca fertilizer rates (0, 560, and 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) applied at plant emergence in 2015, 2016, and 2017 from Site 1 in Hastings, FL and Site 2 in Elkton, FL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSite 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2015\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2016\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2017\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpecific Gravity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP treatments\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.074\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.085\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 b\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.061\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.075\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.079\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.091\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 a\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.042\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.061\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.075\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.086\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.087\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.042\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.060\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.075\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.087\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.086\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.061\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.076\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.084\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.042\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.057\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.077\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.084\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.086\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001 b\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.059\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003eY\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e*L\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e**L\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.2567\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1424\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1686\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.0003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1896\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCa treatments (kg ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.075\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.084\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.087\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.060\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e560\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.075\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.085\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.088\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.060\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.043\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.060\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep-value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP \u0026times; Ca\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ens\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026dagger;\u003c/sup\u003eMean values followed by same letters are not statistically different by the Tukey\u0026rsquo;s HSD (Honestly Significant Difference) at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 within column and within P and Ca fertilizer treatments. The absence of letters within column means that there were no significant differences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eY\u003c/sup\u003eRegression analysis for effect of P rates; L, linear; Q, quadratic; *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; **p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01; ***p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, not significant for L or Q.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026Dagger; *\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05; \u003csup\u003e***\u003c/sup\u003esignificant at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; ns, non-significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1 \u003cem\u003eSoil phosphorus and calcium content\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study tracked M3 soil extractable P and exchangeable Ca over time following continuous applications of P and Ca fertilizer for three consecutive seasons at Site 1 and in two locations at Site 2. Consistent with decades of intensive vegetable production in northeast Florida with P‑sensitive crops such as potato, elevated M3 P and Ca are common across the region (Liao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Rodriguez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Initial M3 soil extractable P before treatments were 196 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 1 in 2015, 198 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 2 in 2016, and 113 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 2 in 2017. These values below the average of 351\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;129 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;std. dev.) of extractable M3 surveyed across 32 private farms in northeast Florida reported by Liao et al.,(2015). Across sites and years, even with no applied P fertilizer (0 kg ha\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e), the lowest M3 P measured was 156 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 1 and 106 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 2, confirming P‑rich soil depth layer. At Site 1, despite three years of repeated P fertilizer applications at the same location, there was no clear accumulation of M3 extractable P in the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil layer, even at the highest P fertilizer rate. Given pH 5.5\u0026ndash;6.5 and sandy textures with low CEC (4\u0026ndash;8 cmol\u003csub\u003ec\u003c/sub\u003e kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e), this pattern is more consistent with limited additional P retention surface‑layer, consistent P removal in tubers, and potential vertical redistribution than with strong Ca\u0026ndash;phosphate precipitation. (Liao et al.) also reported most of the soil inorganic P dominated by Al/Fe‑bound pools, which would elevate solution P and favor movement to deeper layers where new sorption capacity exists. This helps explain that surface M3 P did not rise proportionally with added P while remaining elevated overall. In these sandy, low‑CEC soils with elevated M3 P and Ca, combined with a fluctuating irrigation water table, leaching of P and Ca into deeper soil layers can be exacerbated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThroughout the experiment, despite the average M3 extractable P content at Site 1 remaining around 200 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, there was a significant increase in total and marketable tuber yield, as well as in P uptake by tubers, in response to P fertilizer application. Notably, only Site 1 received cumulative P applications over three consecutive years at the same plots, which, in theory, would be expected to increase M3 extractable soil P. Although positive plant responses to the applied P fertilizer rates were observed, the M3 extractant did not indicate a corresponding increase in extractable soil P. This suggests that the measured M3 P values have not reflected the actual bioavailable soil P fraction accessible to the potato plants for achieving maximum yield potential. Initial M3 exchangeable Ca was high at both sites, 564 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 1 (2015), 737 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 2 (2016), and 764 mg kg\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e at Site 2 (2017), corresponding to 58%, 49%, and 65% of base saturation, respectively. Although Mao et al.,(2016) and Zhao et al. (2018) have reported increases in exchangeable Ca following CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e applications, such increases were not observed for the soils in this study, which was consistent with already high Ca occupying a large share of exchange sites and with the low CEC that limits further exchangeable Ca buildup. Liao et al.,(2015) documented annual CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e application rates ranging from 896 to 2240 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, despite soil Ca content in soil (M1 extractant) at the 0\u0026ndash;20 cm depth ranging from 374 to 3362 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, levels classified as 'very high' (Hochmuth et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Liu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Gypsum applications can raise soil electrical conductivity (EC) (Buck et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Dunlop et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Havlin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Machado et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Mao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), and in potato, which is sensitive to salinity, field‑level EC can increase from 1.3 to 1.7\u0026ndash;2.5 dS m\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e potentially compromising yield. Given the low CEC, the already high exchangeable Ca, and the absence of a soil Ca response to gypsum in this study, additional CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e application to improve tuber yield or quality was not justified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSoil pH remained near 6.1 across seasons at both sites and was not significantly affected by P or Ca fertilizer treatments, although transient seasonal fluctuations occurred (e.g., slight declines after pre‑planting and partial recovery later in 2015\u0026ndash;2016; a gradual decline through 2017). Heavy rainfall events can lower EC and exchangeable cations and can mobilize soluble P, but in this study pH and exchangeable Ca stayed within moderate ranges, while M3 P remained high, indicating that rainfall did not depress extractable P in the surface layer. Where soil pH dipped toward the low 6s or upper 5s, increased Fe/Al solubility would be expected to enhance P sorption; nevertheless, persistently high M3 P suggests that sorption sites in the surface horizon were already substantially occupied and/or replenished by desorption, keeping extractable P elevated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2 \u003cem\u003ePlant biomass accumulation and P uptake\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdequate soil P bioavailability promotes rapid canopy development and growth, leading to increased aboveground biomass, plant P uptake and yield (Jenkins,Ali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e). Considering the average M3 extractable soil P at pre-plant ranged from 176 to 243 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in Site 1 and 116 to 213 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in Site 2; the aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake were largely unaffected by increasing rates of P and Ca fertilization in most seasons. Exceptions occurred at Site 1, in 2015 for P fertilizer application, and in 2015 and 2016 for Ca fertilizer application, where treatments 0 and 45 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer produced lower aboveground biomass compared to higher P rates. Sanderson et al.,(2003) reported a significant 10\u0026ndash;14% increase in total tuber yield of cv. Russet Burban\u0026rsquo; following the application of 66 or 109 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer compared to the unfertilized control in a sandy soil with a M3 extractable P content exceeding 108 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Similarly, Qiu et al.,(2022) observed a positive tuber yield response of cultivar Atlantic to P fertilization in soils containing 220\u0026ndash;470 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of M3 extractable P, and concluded that 50 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer was sufficient to maintain yields and compensate for P sorption by Fe and Al. Phosphorus fixation in Florida Spodosols is well documented (Harris et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e; Villapando,Graetz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e; Zhou et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e), which may help explain the significant reduction of aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake observed in this study when treatments 0 and 45 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer were applied. Potato growers in northeast Florida, along with P fertilizer rate studies, have reported yield declines in the absence of P fertilization, even in elevated soils test results with M3 extractable P (Qiu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), again suggesting that current extractants may draw from pools not fully bioavailable to potato, potentially overestimating plant‑available P. These results are consistent with the P extracted by M3 at Site 1 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e), where even in 2017, following three consecutive years of increasing P fertilizer application rates, which theoretically would result in accumulation of soil P, the extractant was not sensitive enough to capture this accumulation. The results also indicated that the relationship between applied P fertilizer rates and P tuber uptake in 2017, followed a quadratic response. This suggests that even in soils with relatively high initial P levels, there is a critical level beyond which additional P application does not result in further plant P uptake.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor the remaining years and sites, the initial soil P levels were sufficient to support the potato aboveground biomass accumulation of 1.7 to 2.8 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and aboveground P uptake of 4 to 12 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P. The aboveground biomass accumulation values in this study were comparable obtained in previous studies with total yield ranging between 30 to 40 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, which are acceptable yield to commercial production (Rens, Libby R. et al., 2015; Zotarelli et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt Site 1, M3 exchangeable Ca ranged from 410 to 620 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, within the sufficiency range for vegetable crops. In 2015 and 2016, Ca fertilizer application increased aboveground biomass accumulation and P uptake, this effect was not observed in the following year or in Site 2, with M3 exchangeable Ca ranging from 703 to 778 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in Site 2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Florida, tuber initiation generally occurs around 45\u0026ndash;55 DAP, and adequate supply of P in this stage and during tuber bulking is critical for yield. The interactive effect of P and Ca fertilizer rates on whole plant biomass and P tuber uptake was significant at Site 1 in 2015 and 2016 (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). At the P fertilizer rates of 0 and 45 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, applying 560 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e tended to increase the whole plant biomass and tuber P accumulation which suggests that the accompanying SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e may reduce Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e activity in soil solution and shift equilibria toward more soluble Ca\u0026ndash;P compounds, increasing plant-available P while additional Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e limits phosphate fixation. Conversely, at P fertilizer rates at 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and above, the effect Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e on the total biomass accumulation was not detected because most of the P needed by the plant was supplied by P fertilizer. At Site 2, where M3 exchangeable Ca values exceeded 700 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, the interaction of Ca and P fertilizer rates on plant biomass accumulation and P uptake was not observed.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere were no significant interactions between P and Ca fertilizer applications on aboveground or tuber Ca uptake for any cultivar in any year, an expected result given that fertilization had no effect on soil-extracted Ca across all sites and years. As noted earlier, the initial soil Ca contents prior to the implementation of the experiment were high, which explains the similarity in Ca uptake by the plants across all sites and years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.3 \u003cem\u003eTotal yield, marketable yield, and tuber quality\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal and marketable yield responded differently to P fertilizer applications between Site 1 and Site 2. At Site 1, the processing cultivar (Atlantic) was grown in the same plots without randomization across years, allowing results to be combined in a single analysis. There was a significant quadratic response of total and marketable yield to P fertilizer application (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Maximum total and marketable yields of 40.39 and 34.89 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e were achieved at 182 and 167 kg ha\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer application rates, respectively. Within the study\u0026rsquo;s rate range, applying 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P fertilizer increased total and marketable yields by 5.3 and 4.6 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively, compared to no P fertilizer application. For context, USDA-NASS (2024) reported an average marketable potato yield of 31.3 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in 2020 in Florida, and northeast Florida field trials with cultivar Atlantic under seepage irrigation reported 29.6 to 36.2 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (Rens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Rens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The result from the present study indicates that for Site 1 and within the M3 extractable P range 156\u0026ndash;200 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, supplemental P fertilizer was needed to achieve maximum tuber yields or to maintain yields near the Florida state average.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlthough adjusted quadratic model for yield response to P fertilizer application achieve maximum yields at P rates of 182 and 167 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e for total and marketable yield, the yield gain for rates beyond 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, was relatively small, in the order of 0.01 to 0.50 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e. Thus, even in soils with elevated initial M3 extractable P, crop yield can still respond to P fertilization, however, there appears to be a threshold beyond which additional phosphate application does not further enhance yield (Sandhu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Sharma et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt site 2, the trial was cultivated at two different locations in each year with two different cultivars each year, therefore, due to the variables, the yield response to P fertilizer was analyzed separated. Mehlich-3 extractable P averaged 215 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in 2016 and 116 mg kg\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in 2017. Regardless of site and year, total and marketable yields did not differ significantly with P rate (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). For cultivar Fabula in 2016 total and marketable yield was 33.0 and 19.3 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, and for Red La Soda in 2017, was 33.9 and 23.6 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. For those tablestock cultivars, application of increasing rates P fertilizer did not significantly affect tuber quality parameters such as decay which was measured at 9.5 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e for Fabula in 2016, and 1.9 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e for Red La Soda in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.4 \u003cem\u003eLimitations and future approach\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study suggest that relying on M3 as the primary index of plant bioavailable P in sandy, low‑CEC soils can overestimate the P accessible to potato crop and highlights the need of a recalibration of soil test critical level. A regional P fertilizer calibration study should include a range of sites with similar soil characteristics but with wide range of soil P levels. In this study, sampling was limited to the 0\u0026ndash;15 cm soil depth layer, preventing assessment of P dynamics and redistribution in the soil profile, which is particularly relevant given the sandy soils and potential for downward movement. Pairing M3 P with M3 Fe and M3 Al to calculate a P saturation ratio, or incorporating P fractionation, to better understanding the soil P dynamics. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations for potatoes should also account for crop P removal (Rosen et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Future work should include stratified sampling below 0\u0026ndash;15 cm to evaluate downward movement of soluble or weakly bound P into Al/Fe‑rich subsoil horizons. Because of the influence of hydrological drivers under seepage or subirrigation-drainage tile on soil P and Ca dynamics, further investigation on the impact of rain or intensive water table management (e.g., water-table logging, or drainage sampling) need to be considered. Additional studies are needed to further track the micronutrient interactions (e.g., zinc under high P), placement and timing of P fertilizer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to improve P fertilizer management for commercial processing and table stock potato cultivars in northeast Florida and to evaluate whether Ca (as CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) fertilizer application could enhance yield, quality, or soil P bioavailability. Across multi‑season field trials at two sites characterized by sandy texture and low cation exchange capacity, pre‑plant M3 P was not a reliable indicator of bioavailable P for potato. Under these conditions, yield responses to P were site‑specific: at site 1, total and marketable yield followed a quadratic response with small yield gains with P rates beyond 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e‑1\u003c/sup\u003e P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e, whereas at site 2, no yield or quality response was detected despite the increasing P fertilizer rates. Application of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e did not increase soil‑test Ca, P availability, plant P uptake, yield, or quality at either site. Given the existing high soil exchangeable Ca and potato\u0026rsquo;s sensitivity to salinity, routine application of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e could not be justified in this study and should be avoided to limit unnecessary increases in soil electrical conductivity. In practice, more research is needed to refine soil test based P fertilization for site-specific potato production in Florida. By incorporating crop P removal and the P saturation ratio based on Fe and Al into recommendations that can better align rates with plant demand and counter Mehlich‑3\u0026rsquo;s tendency to overestimate plant bioavailable P.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAcross three years, P application induced a quadratic response of total and marketable tuber yield, and in P tuber uptake to increasing P fertilizer application. This indicates that plants used applied P despite little change in M3‑extractable P, reinforcing that M3 P may overestimate bioavailable P in these soils, implying that the M3 extractant may not reliably indicate the soil bioavailable P fraction. Furthermore, the data indicates the existence of a threshold in P fertilizer application beyond which no additional yield benefits are observed for potato cultivation. This underscores the necessity for further studies to understand the soil P dynamic, calibration and validation of P fertilization guidelines specific to northeast Florida soils, aiming to prevent unnecessary P applications in fields with adequate bioavailable P levels. Adoption of such optimized fertilization strategies at the regional scale could reduce production costs and mitigate eutrophication risk in adjacent waters.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCompeting Interests Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthors declare that they have no significant competing financial, professional, or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeclaration\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe thank the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), Specialty Crop Multi-State Block Grant Program for funding this research (Federal Award #10.170; FDACS Contract #021755).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eD. Racano, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, writing original draft, review and editing; L. Zotarelli, conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, investigation, methodology, supervision, validation, writing, review and editing; A. K. Sharma, G. F. Castro, J. de M. Oliveira, R. Gupta, visualization, review and editing; visualization, review and editing; G. Liu, conceptualization, investigation, methodology, project administration, resources, review and editing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors thank University of Florida, Hastings Agricultural Extension Center technicians Scott Taylor, Scott Chambers, Pam Solano, and Bart Herrington for their assistance with field operations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbbasian, A., A. Ahmadi, A.-R. Abbasi, and B. Darvishi. 2018. 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Potato Production. 11. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CV131\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/CV131\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cem\u003e(Accessed 19 August 2025)\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"above ground biomass, cultivar Atlantic, cultivar Fabula, cultivar Red La Soda, gypsum, tuber, chipping potato, fresh-market tubers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7455324/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7455324/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePhosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) are required nutrients for potato plant growth and yield. Notably, even in soils with high P levels, tuber yield has responded to P fertilization. Additionally, the application of calcium sulfate (CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) to improve tuber quality has become a common practice, despite the absence of guidelines considering soil Ca levels as a critical threshold for such applications. The objective of this research was to assess potato plant growth, yield and tuber quality in response to P fertilizer (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) and Ca fertilizer (0, 560 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) rates arranged in a factorial design. A three-year trial was conducted at with processing cultivar Atlantic at Site 1. The trial was repeated in a commercial potato farm (Site 2) with an additional CaSO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e rate of 1120 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e with table stock cultivars \u0026lsquo;Fabula\u0026rsquo; in 2016 and \u0026lsquo;Red La Soda\u0026rsquo; in 2017. In Site 1, there was a quadratic response for total yield as function of increased P fertilizer rates. However, total yield and marketable yield increased quadratically but leveled off above 90 kg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e of P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e. In Site 2, there was no effect of fertilizers rates on total and marketable tuber yield, internal and external quality for any table stock cultivar. Total yield averaged 33 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (2016) and 33.9 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e (2017) while marketable yield averaged 19.3 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and 23.6 Mg ha\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Tuber specific gravity averaged 1.042 in 2016 and decreased linearly with the increasing the P fertilizer rates in 2017, ranging between 1.061 to 1.059. Potato yield responses to P fertilizer were limited and site-specific regardless of the M3 soil testing results indicating poor reliability of the M3 extractant with bioavailable P. Calcium sulfate provided no measurable benefit to soil Ca, P availability, plant uptake, yield, or quality, indicating routine gypsum use is unwarranted in high-Ca soils and that P applications should be conservative and guided by soil tests.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Agronomic response of phosphorus and calcium rates for processing and table stock potatoes in northeast Florida","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-30 20:30:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7455324/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ae21087c-1eee-447f-a01f-bfaccd1963b7","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:15:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7455324","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-026-10040-2","journal":{"identity":"american-journal-of-potato-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"American Journal of Potato Research"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-12 15:59:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 12th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-30 20:30:59","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12230-026-10040-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-026-10040-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7455324","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7455324","identity":"rs-7455324","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}