Differential Quadrature Space-time Media-based Modulation

Differential Quadrature Space-time Media-based Modulation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Differential Quadrature Space-time Media-based Modulation Lidan Fang, Hongliang Zou, Youxiang Ye, Haoze Chen, Lina Guo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7381656/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Differential spatial modulation has garnered significant attention in recent years. As a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, it broadens the application range of spatial modulation while retaining the advantages of a single radio frequency (RF) chain and high spectral efficiency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for channel state information (CSI), making it particularly promising for scenarios involving high-speed movement. In this paper, a differential quadrature space-time media-based modulation (DQSTMBM) system is proposed. It uses the differential approach to mitigate the challenges of detecting complex CSI. It modifies the channel state through media-based modulation and transmits the codirectional and quadrature components of the constellation symbol across different antennas, thereby conveying additional index information that enhances spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the theoretical bit error rate performance of the DQSTMBM system is derived. The experimental results demonstrate that the theoretical performance aligns with the Monte Carlo simulations, which confirms the validity of the proposed system. MIMO Index modulation Differential spatial modulation Media-based modulation Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7381656","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":510564130,"identity":"b5eb6cf1-b662-41a0-ae0c-30e70d7d6c03","order_by":0,"name":"Lidan Fang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lidan","middleName":"","lastName":"Fang","suffix":""},{"id":510564131,"identity":"4db2315c-ce93-43b9-af40-5d1baff38af4","order_by":1,"name":"Hongliang Zou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDAC9saGgx8MbHjYmBmbH3xgYJMBCUrg1cJz+OBjiYo0GX725jbDGQxsPIS1SKQlG/CcOWwj2XO8QRqonrAW+YYcMwnJtjQegxuJDcY2NXw8BgeYD97mYbDLw6XF4MAZM4nCNhuwlsc5x9iAWtiSrXkYkotxamHsQbIltwGkhccM6MIDiQ24HNbMYybB23YYrEXaEqyF/xteLQzH2MDe55HsOdggzQixhQ2vFoMzzOBA5uFnb2wz7AH6RfIwm7HlHINk3A6b/xAclfZszOyPH/yoOSbHd7z54Y03FXa4HYbuTgYGZrDtRKoHghrilY6CUTAKRsGIAQA6V1XQauKcrQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-8071","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongliang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zou","suffix":""},{"id":510564132,"identity":"745f7a3c-cd00-4993-b4ef-6e589ececd48","order_by":2,"name":"Youxiang Ye","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Youxiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Ye","suffix":""},{"id":510564133,"identity":"dd083c9f-6901-4ca2-9cfe-814c474bb959","order_by":3,"name":"Haoze Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haoze","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":510564134,"identity":"ccc991d7-9aac-4b51-9d0c-1f22aa2ed770","order_by":4,"name":"Lina Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lina","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-15 13:17:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7381656/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7381656/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-026-02612-x","type":"published","date":"2026-04-08T15:59:01+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106809314,"identity":"44691cea-c1b8-4bfa-8cf4-52ab8c428586","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-13 16:09:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":349229,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DQSTMBM.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7381656/v1_covered_8a15a177-5e52-46f7-bfbf-34ecf3ace4cc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Differential Quadrature Space-time Media-based Modulation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"MIMO, Index modulation, Differential spatial modulation, Media-based modulation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7381656/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7381656/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDifferential spatial modulation has garnered significant attention in recent years. As a large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, it broadens the application range of spatial modulation while retaining the advantages of a single radio frequency (RF) chain and high spectral efficiency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for channel state information (CSI), making it particularly promising for scenarios involving high-speed movement. In this paper, a differential quadrature space-time media-based modulation (DQSTMBM) system is proposed. It uses the differential approach to mitigate the challenges of detecting complex CSI. It modifies the channel state through media-based modulation and transmits the codirectional and quadrature components of the constellation symbol across different antennas, thereby conveying additional index information that enhances spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the theoretical bit error rate performance of the DQSTMBM system is derived. 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