Phase purity analysis of Ni x Cu 1-x Fe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles using Jana2006 Refinement analysis for Waste Water Treatment Applications

Phase purity analysis of Ni x Cu 1-x Fe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles using Jana2006 Refinement analysis for Waste Water Treatment Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Phase purity analysis of Ni x Cu 1-x Fe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles using Jana2006 Refinement analysis for Waste Water Treatment Applications Vigneswari T, Thiruramanathan P, Senthilkumar O, Senthil Kumar S.M This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933801/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The low-cost sol-gel combustion method is used to create nickel-doped copper ferrite (NixCu1-xFe2O4 where x = 0, 0.5 and 1.0) nanoparticles with di-ethanolamine as a size-reducing agent. The temperature effect on X-ray Diffraction (XRD), combined with the Jana2006 refinement result suggested that 500 0C is an optimum temperature for obtaining phase pure CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The phase fraction, lattice parameters, unit cell volume, micro strain, crystallite size and dislocation density are also reported. Strain-induced broadening of the structural properties of CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is analysed using the Williamson–Hall plot. Activation energy analysis revealed that 4.93 kJ/mol and 4.45 kJ/mol of energy are required to produce the CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, respectively. Indistinguishable particle morphology with partial agglomeration was observed in the SEM results. Direct and indirect band gap values are found to decreases with increasing x values. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) results revealed that reductions for COD and TOC vary from 93 to 95%, while the BOD/COD rate changes from 0.13 to 0.57. The 18-fold increase in the BOD/COD ratio led to a significant improvement in the biodegradability of the industrial wastewater. nanomaterial sol-gel method refinement waste water BOD & COD Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3933801","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":271498367,"identity":"7b7ccfbb-59da-471f-8241-298a45fab0fc","order_by":0,"name":"Vigneswari T","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ramco Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vigneswari","middleName":"","lastName":"T","suffix":""},{"id":271498368,"identity":"1713bfe5-4c40-41fb-99d8-d6cc284ab69b","order_by":1,"name":"Thiruramanathan P","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Ramco Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thiruramanathan","middleName":"","lastName":"P","suffix":""},{"id":271498369,"identity":"d4f7b4ad-849c-48ed-aa1f-4b77e35417bf","order_by":2,"name":"Senthilkumar O","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ramco Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Senthilkumar","middleName":"","lastName":"O","suffix":""},{"id":271498370,"identity":"9f298a5c-cc96-4777-8587-745c16458efe","order_by":3,"name":"Senthil Kumar S.M","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"CECRI","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Senthil","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"S.M","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-06 12:14:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933801/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933801/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50875127,"identity":"73034a76-9966-4438-a8de-4c601cb9c18d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-08 18:52:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":605758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3933801/v1_covered_04df82f4-c41e-4428-a275-a8cc175442dc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Phase purity analysis of Ni x Cu 1-x Fe 2 O 4 Nanoparticles using Jana2006 Refinement analysis for Waste Water Treatment Applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"nanomaterial, sol-gel method, refinement, waste water, BOD \u0026 COD","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933801/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933801/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The low-cost sol-gel combustion method is used to create nickel-doped copper ferrite (NixCu1-xFe2O4 where x = 0, 0.5 and 1.0) nanoparticles with di-ethanolamine as a size-reducing agent. The temperature effect on X-ray Diffraction (XRD), combined with the Jana2006 refinement result suggested that 500 0C is an optimum temperature for obtaining phase pure CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. The phase fraction, lattice parameters, unit cell volume, micro strain, crystallite size and dislocation density are also reported. Strain-induced broadening of the structural properties of CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is analysed using the Williamson–Hall plot. Activation energy analysis revealed that 4.93 kJ/mol and 4.45 kJ/mol of energy are required to produce the CuFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 nanoparticles, respectively. Indistinguishable particle morphology with partial agglomeration was observed in the SEM results. Direct and indirect band gap values are found to decreases with increasing x values. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) results revealed that reductions for COD and TOC vary from 93 to 95%, while the BOD/COD rate changes from 0.13 to 0.57. 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