Simulation guided in-situ alloying in the medium entropy Fe-Ni-Nb system via Laser powder bed fusion

Simulation guided in-situ alloying in the medium entropy Fe-Ni-Nb system via Laser powder bed fusion | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Simulation guided in-situ alloying in the medium entropy Fe-Ni-Nb system via Laser powder bed fusion Jan Wegner, Rahul M R, Lars Bruckhaus, Stefan Kleszczynski This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999249/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Progress in Additive Manufacturing → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Medium entropy alloys (MEAs) with multiphase microstructure offer a promising combination of strength and ductility. Identifying potential compositions for additive manufacturing from a huge compositional domain is challenging. CALPHAD based Thermo-Calc® simulations are carried out to identify potential compositions; three alloys are selected within the ternary Fe–Ni–Nb MEA system, to explore hypo and hyper eutectic conditions. The solidification pathway is simulated using Scheil’s model with solute trapping at different solidification velocities for in-situ alloying in Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M), predicting FCC and Laves phases to be present based on the Nb content and laser scan speed. The results were validated through single-track experiments and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) Despite its high melting point, Nb was successfully alloyed with the Fe and Ni powders. The Key-hole mode and remelting proved effective to increase intermixing of the elements. Most uniform distribution of elements was observed in hypo eutectic compositions, which confirms the in-situ alloying strategy adopted for fine tuning the multicomponent compositions. Cracking in the weld tracks was observed in hyper eutectic compositions due to the primary Laves phase formation. Finally, High-speed ratio pyrometry was applied to monitor the thermal history during laser-material interaction and calculate the apparent cooling rates, which ranged between the 104 and 106 °C/s. The combined experimental and computational approach provides a foundation for controlled in-situ alloying in the Fe–Ni–Nb system and predictive alloy design. The current study confirms simulation-guided additive manufacturing for the development of tailored medium entropy alloys. Laser Powder Bed Fusion Scheil Simulation Medium Entropy Alloys Fe-Ni-Nb in-situ alloying High Speed Ratio Pyrometry Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Progress in Additive Manufacturing → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7999249","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":542676791,"identity":"f4eb8e85-869d-4793-a11b-581fc2e4e5cb","order_by":0,"name":"Jan 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