Improving the Performance of API Banyuwangi Lecturers With Work Discipline

Improving the Performance of API Banyuwangi Lecturers With Work Discipline | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Improving the Performance of API Banyuwangi Lecturers With Work Discipline Dede Ardian, Daniel Dewantoro Rumani, Miko Andi Wardana, Fajar Islam This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This paper investigates the critical role of work discipline in enhancing the performance of API Banyuwangi lecturers within the context of higher education. By exploring the intricate relationship between work discipline and lecturer productivity, this study aims to offer thorough explanations for raising the standard of instruction in educational establishments. Through an in-depth analysis of various factors influencing lecturer performance, such as work motivation, leadership, and organizational commitment, this research offers valuable strategies to optimize lecturer effectiveness. Additionally, by examining the relationship between technology and lecturer motivation, and the effect of work discipline on lecturer performance, this paper presents practical recommendations for cultivating a culture of excellence among API Banyuwangi lecturers. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on enhancing lecturer performance and fostering professional development in academic settings. Management Improve Lecturer Performance Work Discipline Vocation Higher Education Figures Figure 1 Introduction In the rapidly evolving landscape of higher education, The effectiveness of academic institutions and the quality of education they provide are strongly determined by the performance of its lecturers (Murwaningsih & Fauziah, 2023 ). The effectiveness of lecturers influences the productivity and performance of educational institutions and makes a significant contribution to the quality of higher education.(Miftakul Amin & Dwitayanti, 2023 ). A disciplined approach often results in more consistent performance over time, benefiting both lecturers and students (Santos-Díaz et al., 2024 ). The Akademi Penerbang Indonesia (API) Banyuwangi, a key institution in Indonesia's pilot and aviation education sector, recognizes the vital importance of enhancing lecturer performance to maintain its competitive edge and deliver excellence in education. Research, community service, education and teaching, and lecturer support responsibilities are some of the factors that determine a professor's performance level (Buditjahjanto et al., 2024 ; Retnowati et al., 2021 ). The elements that affect lecturer performance have been the subject of several research, especially those published in scientific journals (D. O. Sari et al., 2024 ; Wahjudi et al., 2024 ). In terms of discipline, lecturers have the authority to be innovative. One of the things that can indicate how well personnel are performing is their work discipline (Farida et al., 2021 ). Sustaining discipline at work can result in better performance (Chrisnanto & Riyanto, 2020 ; Oktari & Suhardi, 2021 ; Rivai, 2017 ; Salsabilla et al., 2022 ). Work discipline refers to personnel compliance with the regulations that are in place at work (Salsabilla et al., 2022 ). Work discipline, encompassing punctuality, adherence to deadlines, credible quality of work, and efficient time management, forms the backbone of professional excellence in academia. The advancement of an institution is largely dependent on its workforce, so it is critical to improve their performance, which includes fostering work discipline (P. R. J. Sari & Snelling, 2024 ). The history of education takes into account the experiences of work discipline as well as the impact of greater human capital expenditure on economic development (Cen et al., 2024 ; Forsyth, 2023 ). To assist in the fulfillment of its goals, work discipline has attempted to control subordinates' behavior through several rules (Nelly et al., 2024 ; Rostina, 2022 ). However, the gap between ideal work discipline and actual lecturer performance often presents a significant challenge for educational institutions. Certain studies suggest that quantifying work discipline and its effects might be difficult, as demonstrated by results that, in some situations, do not link work discipline to job performance (Kelibulin et al., 2020 ). However, with strong work discipline from employees such as showing up on time, completing tasks following corporate guidelines, and abiding by company rules it will be possible to increase these workers' performance and meet company goals. (Marlapa & Mulyana, 2020 ). The primary reasons for the inefficient implementation of the institution are poor work discipline and inadequate instruction and training (Marnisah et al., 2021 ). Technology's intervention in the workplace has completely changed how jobs are planned, debated, carried out, and delivered (Momin & Ali, 2023 ). A study conducted in the Maldives found a noteworthy disparity in the proficiency levels of lecturers at public and private institutions, indicating the need for public institutions to implement more effective recruitment and professional development strategies (Zuha et al., 2023 ). Work-life balance, job responsibility, drive, and professionalism were found to be important elements impacting lecturer productivity in a Kazakhstani study. This suggests that in order to improve lecturer assistance programs and job design, organizations should implement human resource policies (Selvanathan et al., 2019 ). Another study emphasized the importance of motivation in improving performance by examining the relationship between IT usage and motivation on lecturer performance (Arief et al., 2020 ). At API Banyuwangi, addressing this gap is not merely an administrative concern but a strategic imperative to enhance the quality of pilot and aviation education and produce industry-ready graduates. The findings and recommendations presented here are not only relevant to API Banyuwangi but also offer valuable insights for other higher education institutions grappling with similar challenges. As the demands on academic professionals continue to intensify in the fiercely competitive worldwide education sector, the ability to foster culture of disciplined work habits among lecturers becomes paramount for institutional success and educational excellence. Methods This study employs quantitative techniques with a methodical approach to examine phenomena that can be measured, computed, or seen by statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. Using numerical data to gather information methodically is known as quantitative research, and it is frequently used to test ideas (Arias et al., 2021 ; Helmold, 2019 ). It entails measuring and quantifying the evaluated subject, and the results are always measurable. (England, 2022 ; Sciberras & Dingli, 2023 ). Non-probability sampling, involving 19 academics holding the Functional Position of Lecturer at API Banyuwangi, is the sampling approach employed. In educational research, Probability sampling and non-probability sampling are the two primary sampling techniques employed (Berndt, 2020 ; Setia, 2016 ). A questionnaire comprising four inquiries concerning the dependent variable's indicators and five inquiries concerning the independent variable’s indicators was distributed to each lecturer. The organized nature of questionnaire data makes quantitative data analysis such as description, data reduction, association and effect analysis, and sensitivity analysis possible. (Koetsenruijter & Wensing, 2023 ). Results & Discussion Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3 with the PLS-Algorithm method to evaluate the importance of the correlation between the model's variables. To make sure the results were stable, 5000 subsamples were used in the bootstrapping phase. In Fig. 1 , shows that the outer loading value of each indicator is above 0.7, indicating good reliability. Table 1 Mean, STDEV, T-Values, P-Values Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) P Values WD -> LP 0,487 0,541 0,229 2,123 0,034 This research demonstrates a strong correlation between Work Discipline and Lecturer Performance. The t-statistic value of 2.123, which is higher than the crucial threshold of 1.96, and the p-value of 0.034, which is lower than the significance level of 0.05, both support this. This finding indicates If there is a strong correlation between these two variables and that it is not the product of chance. Table 2 f Square Lecturer Performance Lecturer Performance Work Discipline Work Discipline 0,311 The f2 value of 0.311 in Table 2 indicates how significantly the two variables between Work Discipline and Lecturer Performance are related to one another. According to Cohen's criteria, this value is close to the large effect category, which means that Work Discipline has a fairly strong impact on Lecturer Performance. Table 3 R Square R Square R Square Adjusted Lecturer Performance 0,237 0,192 In Table 3 it shows Equivalent R2 and Q2 values of 0.237 indicate a moderate level of prediction performance for this research model. This indicates that the model explains 23.7% of that variance in Lecturer Performance and has a fairly good predictive relevance. Table 4 Construct Lecturer Performance Cronbach's Alpha rho_A Composite Reliability Average Variance Extracted (AVE) 0,885 0,912 0,921 0,746 Work Discipline 0,896 0,913 0,924 0,711 In Table 4 shows the construct reliability in this study was very good, indicated by Cronbach's alpha values for Work Discipline (0.896) and Lecturer Performance (0.885) which exceeded the 0.7 threshold. This indicates high internal consistency for both variables. The AVE values for Work Discipline (0.711) and Lecturer Performance (0.746), which are higher than the 0.5 standard, show that convergent validity is also well satisfied. This suggests that over half of the variance of its indicators may be explained by the latent variable. Table 5 Model Fit SRMR Saturated Model Estimated Model 0,106 0,106 d_ULS 0,502 0,502 d_G 0,387 0,387 Chi-Square 33,978 33,978 NFI 0,782 0,782 Rms Theta 0,336 0,336 Nonetheless, the overall model fit showed mixed results. The SRMR of 0.106 slightly exceeded the recommended threshold, the NFI of 0.782 was close to but not yet at the ideal threshold, and the RMS_theta of 0.336 exceeded the recommended threshold. This indicates that although the model is good enough, there is still room for improvement in the model specification. Overall, this study provides strong empirical evidence of the importance of Work Discipline in influencing Lecturer Performance. Nevertheless, bear in mind that this model does not account for 76.3% of the variation in lecturer performance, providing a chance to investigate additional aspects. These findings have important implications for higher education institutions in an effort to improve lecturer performance through strengthening work discipline. Conclusion In conclusion, this study contributes strong empirical proof of the importance of work discipline in improving lecturer performance. The findings have significant implications for higher education institutions in designing policies and programs to improve teaching and research quality. However, it should be recognized that there are still other factors that may affect lecturer performance that are not covered in this model. For future research, it is recommended to explore additional variables that may contribute to lecturer performance, as well as conduct longitudinal studies to understand the cause and effect relationship between work discipline and lecturer performance in more depth. In addition, replication of this study across different institutional contexts and academic cultures may provide more comprehensive insights into the dynamics of work discipline and lecturer performance in higher education. Declarations Ethics Approval This study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Akademi Penerbang Indonesia (API) Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Consent to Participate All participants were informed about the purpose of the research and voluntarily agreed to participate. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the questionnaire. References Arias V, Arias B, Rodríguez-Medina J (2021) Quantitative research in education. In Handbook of Research on Teacher Education in History and Geography (pp. 35–51). https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108049096&partnerID=40&md5=ac5642a8d139f98a7cc570f7a4e7004f Arief UM, Sugiharto DYP, Rifai A (2020) Information technology as an influence on motivation in order to increase lecturer performance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change , 4 , 481–491. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081248579&partnerID=40&md5=72c84552f516bb1b629e561ca028eae6 Berndt AE (2020) Sampling Methods. J Hum Lactation 36(2):224–226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420906850 Buditjahjanto IGPA, Pratama A, Samani M (2024) The Intelligent Decision System Based on Hybrid Decision Tree to Determine The Level of Lecturer Performance. Int J Adv Soft Comput Its Appl 16(1):219–232. https://doi.org/10.15849/IJASCA.240330.13 Cen CC, Cahyadi W, Candrasa L, Cahyadi L (2024) The Effect of Work Productivity and Work Discipline on PTPN III Employee Performance at Kebun Tanah Raja Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra With Compensation as a Moderating Variable. Qual - Access Success 25(200):160–169. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.200.17 Chrisnanto C, Riyanto S (2020) The Effect of Work Discipline, Organizational Commitment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance of the Directorate General of Construction Development Minister For Public Works and Housing Republic of Indonesia. Int Rev Manage Mark 10(5):159–164. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.10474 England A (2022) Quantitative and qualitative research methods. In Research for Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences (pp. 71–96). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_5 Farida U, Nongkeng H, Ybnu M, Amin A, Manoktong LOAS, S. N., Yusriadi Y (2021) The role of work environment and leadership on employee performance through employee work discipline. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management , 3734–3740. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121114313&partnerID=40&md5=33389ebbd2715c9dc224b507ecad798f Forsyth H (2023) Education as economic stimulus in the human capital century. History Educ Rev 52(1):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-03-2022-0008 Helmold M (2019) Excellence in PM. In Management for Professionals: Vol. Part F568 (pp. 39–49). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20534-8_3 Kelibulin ES, Palutturi S, Arifin MA, Thamrin Y, Rahmadani S (2020) The effect of work discipline on a employee performance: (The health office case study of Tanimbar Island). Medico-Legal Update , 20 (3), 943–947. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093074229&partnerID=40&md5=d424e3b990e32e1683103f0a5b6ff5ad Koetsenruijter J, Wensing M (2023) Survey methods in health services research. In Foundations of Health Services Research: Principles, Methods, and Topics (pp. 99–110). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29998-8_8 Marlapa E, Mulyana B (2020) The Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Productivity with Competence as Interviening Variables. Int Rev Manage Mark 10(3):54–63. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9922 Marnisah L, Zamzam F, Handayani S, Yustini T, Wijaya H, Maris H, Irwanto D (2021) Factors affecting e-procurement division employee performance. Int J Data Netw Sci 5(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.11.007 Miftakul Amin M, Dwitayanti Y, for Lecturer Performance Evaluation (2023) Additive Ratio Assessment Model. 2023 IEEE International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Human and Computer Interactions in the Industrial Era 5.0, ICOSNIKOM 2023 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICoSNIKOM60230.2023.10364531 Momin MM, Ali O (2023) Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Advanced Technology Adoption on Work and Continuous Improvement. HighTech Innov J 4(3):667–680. https://doi.org/10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-03-014 Murwaningsih T, Fauziah M (2023) The influence of professional attitude, welfare, self-sustaining development, and job satisfaction on teacher performance. J Educ Learn 17(2):271–284. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i2.20785 Nelly N, Prabowo H, Bandur A, Elidjen E (2024) The mediating role of competency in the effect of transformational leadership on lecturer performance. Int J Educational Manage 38(2):333–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2023-0275 Oktari SD, Suhardi AR (2021) Discipline And Motivation to Teacher Performance at Geography Education Department. Rev Int Geographical Educ Online 11(3):392–401. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.800504 Retnowati TH, Mardapi D, Kartowagiran B, Hamdi S (2021) A Model of Lecturer Performance Evaluation: Sustainable Lecturer Performance Mapping. International Journal of Instruction , 14 (2), 83–102. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101741293&partnerID=40&md5=6df7e8b5f710fe766d0c9d25f8be7cef Rivai A (2017) Influence of work discipline on personnel performance through organization commitment (A study of KODAM transportation unit personnel i / Bukit Barisan). Man in India , 97 (24), 231–247. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039056129&partnerID=40&md5=5df9d148db66146701015dd84cd4017a Rostina CF (2022) Enhance Of Leadership, Communication and Work Effectiveness Employees Government. Qual - Access Success 23(189):89–94. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.189.11 Salsabilla N, Puspitasari P, Haqi DN, Rofiq A, Wulandari RD, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE OF EMPLOYEE AT WIYUNG SEJAHTERA HOSPITAL SURABAYA (2022) Indonesian J Public Health 17(1):95–105. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v17i1.2022.95-105 . ANALYSIS OF WORK Santos-Díaz A, Montesinos L, Barrera-Esparza M, del Mar Perez-Desentis M, Salinas-Navarro DE (2024) Implementing a challenge-based learning experience in a bioinstrumentation blended course. BMC Med Educ 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05462-7 Sari DO, Putra R, Alamsyah A (2024) Does e-service for research and community service boost the performance of university lecturers? J Educ Learn 18(1):261–270. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.20831 Sari PRJ, Snelling LA (2024) Impact of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Motivation on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Wistara Family Café Employees. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems , 923 LNNS , 394–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55911-2_38 Sciberras M, Dingli A (2023) Quantitative Research. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems (Vol. 568, pp. 43–115). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19900-4_11 Selvanathan M, Yan D, Supramaniam M, Arumugam T, Suppramaniam S (2019) Lecturers’ productivity in private universities, Kazakhstan. Univers J Educational Res 7(12):2558–2567. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.071202 Setia M (2016) Methodology series module 5: Sampling strategies. Indian J Dermatology 61(5):505–509. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.190118 Wahjudi E, Armanu A, Hadiwidjojo D, Solimun S (2024) Lecturer performance in focus: An extensive systematic literature review and analysis. SA Journal of Human Resource Management , 22 . https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2477 Zuha A, Waheeda A, Wong CH (2023) Comparison of Lecturers’ Competency in Maldives Higher Education Institutes. J High Educ Theory Pract 23(19):100–112. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i19.6707 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9054804","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":602159097,"identity":"804c7d1a-f0d8-4042-9954-7e3ca739f4a6","order_by":0,"name":"Dede Ardian","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6226-8459","institution":"Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dede","middleName":"","lastName":"Ardian","suffix":""},{"id":602159098,"identity":"94c02bc7-e9fc-4aa0-8d1b-3987b75d3403","order_by":1,"name":"Daniel Dewantoro Rumani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"Dewantoro","lastName":"Rumani","suffix":""},{"id":602159099,"identity":"07698eaf-d0af-49f8-8fdf-f544f7e3998f","order_by":2,"name":"Miko Andi Wardana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Miko","middleName":"Andi","lastName":"Wardana","suffix":""},{"id":602159100,"identity":"97198c29-60b4-4cc7-8690-4af25a36a68c","order_by":3,"name":"Fajar Islam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fajar","middleName":"","lastName":"Islam","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-07 02:32:50","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104651961,"identity":"cd602346-a1aa-40e7-8244-bfbf39506a9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-15 08:33:48","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":57037,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePLS-Algorithm Calculated\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9054804/v1/86ef6fd81850b83dbb7ddfc5.jpg"},{"id":104783530,"identity":"d501d6a2-8243-44c5-ae8d-b261ef2f9984","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-17 07:59:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":466003,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9054804/v1/2b984e6e-c7bd-415d-887b-2fb80d450e35.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eImproving the Performance of API Banyuwangi Lecturers With Work Discipline\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the rapidly evolving landscape of higher education, The effectiveness of academic institutions and the quality of education they provide are strongly determined by the performance of its lecturers (Murwaningsih \u0026amp; Fauziah, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The effectiveness of lecturers influences the productivity and performance of educational institutions and makes a significant contribution to the quality of higher education.(Miftakul Amin \u0026amp; Dwitayanti, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). A disciplined approach often results in more consistent performance over time, benefiting both lecturers and students (Santos-D\u0026iacute;az et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The Akademi Penerbang Indonesia (API) Banyuwangi, a key institution in Indonesia's pilot and aviation education sector, recognizes the vital importance of enhancing lecturer performance to maintain its competitive edge and deliver excellence in education. Research, community service, education and teaching, and lecturer support responsibilities are some of the factors that determine a professor's performance level (Buditjahjanto et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Retnowati et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The elements that affect lecturer performance have been the subject of several research, especially those published in scientific journals (D. O. Sari et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Wahjudi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). In terms of discipline, lecturers have the authority to be innovative. One of the things that can indicate how well personnel are performing is their work discipline (Farida et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Sustaining discipline at work can result in better performance (Chrisnanto \u0026amp; Riyanto, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Oktari \u0026amp; Suhardi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Rivai, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Salsabilla et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Work discipline refers to personnel compliance with the regulations that are in place at work (Salsabilla et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Work discipline, encompassing punctuality, adherence to deadlines, credible quality of work, and efficient time management, forms the backbone of professional excellence in academia. The advancement of an institution is largely dependent on its workforce, so it is critical to improve their performance, which includes fostering work discipline (P. R. J. Sari \u0026amp; Snelling, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The history of education takes into account the experiences of work discipline as well as the impact of greater human capital expenditure on economic development (Cen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Forsyth, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). To assist in the fulfillment of its goals, work discipline has attempted to control subordinates' behavior through several rules (Nelly et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e; Rostina, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the gap between ideal work discipline and actual lecturer performance often presents a significant challenge for educational institutions. Certain studies suggest that quantifying work discipline and its effects might be difficult, as demonstrated by results that, in some situations, do not link work discipline to job performance (Kelibulin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). However, with strong work discipline from employees such as showing up on time, completing tasks following corporate guidelines, and abiding by company rules it will be possible to increase these workers' performance and meet company goals. (Marlapa \u0026amp; Mulyana, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). The primary reasons for the inefficient implementation of the institution are poor work discipline and inadequate instruction and training (Marnisah et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Technology's intervention in the workplace has completely changed how jobs are planned, debated, carried out, and delivered (Momin \u0026amp; Ali, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). A study conducted in the Maldives found a noteworthy disparity in the proficiency levels of lecturers at public and private institutions, indicating the need for public institutions to implement more effective recruitment and professional development strategies (Zuha et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Work-life balance, job responsibility, drive, and professionalism were found to be important elements impacting lecturer productivity in a Kazakhstani study. This suggests that in order to improve lecturer assistance programs and job design, organizations should implement human resource policies (Selvanathan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Another study emphasized the importance of motivation in improving performance by examining the relationship between IT usage and motivation on lecturer performance (Arief et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). At API Banyuwangi, addressing this gap is not merely an administrative concern but a strategic imperative to enhance the quality of pilot and aviation education and produce industry-ready graduates.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings and recommendations presented here are not only relevant to API Banyuwangi but also offer valuable insights for other higher education institutions grappling with similar challenges. As the demands on academic professionals continue to intensify in the fiercely competitive worldwide education sector, the ability to foster culture of disciplined work habits among lecturers becomes paramount for institutional success and educational excellence.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study employs quantitative techniques with a methodical approach to examine phenomena that can be measured, computed, or seen by statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. Using numerical data to gather information methodically is known as quantitative research, and it is frequently used to test ideas (Arias et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Helmold, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). It entails measuring and quantifying the evaluated subject, and the results are always measurable. (England, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Sciberras \u0026amp; Dingli, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Non-probability sampling, involving 19 academics holding the Functional Position of Lecturer at API Banyuwangi, is the sampling approach employed. In educational research, Probability sampling and non-probability sampling are the two primary sampling techniques employed (Berndt, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Setia, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). A questionnaire comprising four inquiries concerning the dependent variable's indicators and five inquiries concerning the independent variable’s indicators was distributed to each lecturer. The organized nature of questionnaire data makes quantitative data analysis such as description, data reduction, association and effect analysis, and sensitivity analysis possible. (Koetsenruijter \u0026amp; Wensing, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Results \u0026 Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eData analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 3 with the PLS-Algorithm method to evaluate the importance of the correlation between the model's variables. To make sure the results were stable, 5000 subsamples were used in the bootstrapping phase.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, shows that the outer loading value of each indicator is above 0.7, indicating good reliability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean, STDEV, T-Values, P-Values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOriginal Sample (O)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample Mean (M)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation (STDEV)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT Statistics (|O/STDEV|)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP Values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWD -\u0026gt; LP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,487\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,541\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research demonstrates a strong correlation between Work Discipline and Lecturer Performance. The t-statistic value of 2.123, which is higher than the crucial threshold of 1.96, and the p-value of 0.034, which is lower than the significance level of 0.05, both support this. This finding indicates If there is a strong correlation between these two variables and that it is not the product of chance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ef Square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLecturer Performance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLecturer Performance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Discipline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Discipline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe f2 value of 0.311 in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e indicates how significantly the two variables between Work Discipline and Lecturer Performance are related to one another. According to Cohen's criteria, this value is close to the large effect category, which means that Work Discipline has a fairly strong impact on Lecturer Performance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR Square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR Square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR Square Adjusted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLecturer Performance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e it shows Equivalent R2 and Q2 values of 0.237 indicate a moderate level of prediction performance for this research model. This indicates that the model explains 23.7% of that variance in Lecturer Performance and has a fairly good predictive relevance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruct\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLecturer Performance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCronbach's Alpha\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003erho_A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComposite Reliability\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAverage Variance Extracted (AVE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,885\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,921\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,746\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork Discipline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,896\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,913\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,924\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows the construct reliability in this study was very good, indicated by Cronbach's alpha values for Work Discipline (0.896) and Lecturer Performance (0.885) which exceeded the 0.7 threshold. This indicates high internal consistency for both variables. The AVE values for Work Discipline (0.711) and Lecturer Performance (0.746), which are higher than the 0.5 standard, show that convergent validity is also well satisfied. This suggests that over half of the variance of its indicators may be explained by the latent variable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel Fit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSRMR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaturated Model\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated Model\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed_ULS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,502\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,502\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ed_G\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,387\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,387\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi-Square\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33,978\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33,978\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNFI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,782\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,782\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRms Theta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eNonetheless, the overall model fit showed mixed results. The SRMR of 0.106 slightly exceeded the recommended threshold, the NFI of 0.782 was close to but not yet at the ideal threshold, and the RMS_theta of 0.336 exceeded the recommended threshold. This indicates that although the model is good enough, there is still room for improvement in the model specification.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOverall, this study provides strong empirical evidence of the importance of Work Discipline in influencing Lecturer Performance. Nevertheless, bear in mind that this model does not account for 76.3% of the variation in lecturer performance, providing a chance to investigate additional aspects. These findings have important implications for higher education institutions in an effort to improve lecturer performance through strengthening work discipline.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, this study contributes strong empirical proof of the importance of work discipline in improving lecturer performance. The findings have significant implications for higher education institutions in designing policies and programs to improve teaching and research quality. However, it should be recognized that there are still other factors that may affect lecturer performance that are not covered in this model.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor future research, it is recommended to explore additional variables that may contribute to lecturer performance, as well as conduct longitudinal studies to understand the cause and effect relationship between work discipline and lecturer performance in more depth. In addition, replication of this study across different institutional contexts and academic cultures may provide more comprehensive insights into the dynamics of work discipline and lecturer performance in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics Approval This study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Akademi Penerbang Indonesia (API) Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConsent to Participate All participants were informed about the purpose of the research and voluntarily agreed to participate. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before completing the questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArias V, Arias B, Rodr\u0026iacute;guez-Medina J (2021) Quantitative research in education. In \u003cem\u003eHandbook of Research on Teacher Education in History and Geography\u003c/em\u003e (pp. 35\u0026ndash;51). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108049096\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=ac5642a8d139f98a7cc570f7a4e7004f\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108049096\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=ac5642a8d139f98a7cc570f7a4e7004f\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArief UM, Sugiharto DYP, Rifai A (2020) Information technology as an influence on motivation in order to increase lecturer performance. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e4\u003c/em\u003e, 481\u0026ndash;491. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081248579\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=72c84552f516bb1b629e561ca028eae6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081248579\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=72c84552f516bb1b629e561ca028eae6\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBerndt AE (2020) Sampling Methods. J Hum Lactation 36(2):224\u0026ndash;226. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420906850\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/0890334420906850\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuditjahjanto IGPA, Pratama A, Samani M (2024) The Intelligent Decision System Based on Hybrid Decision Tree to Determine The Level of Lecturer Performance. Int J Adv Soft Comput Its Appl 16(1):219\u0026ndash;232. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.15849/IJASCA.240330.13\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.15849/IJASCA.240330.13\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCen CC, Cahyadi W, Candrasa L, Cahyadi L (2024) The Effect of Work Productivity and Work Discipline on PTPN III Employee Performance at Kebun Tanah Raja Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra With Compensation as a Moderating Variable. Qual - Access Success 25(200):160\u0026ndash;169. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.200.17\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.47750/QAS/25.200.17\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChrisnanto C, Riyanto S (2020) The Effect of Work Discipline, Organizational Commitment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance of the Directorate General of Construction Development Minister For Public Works and Housing Republic of Indonesia. Int Rev Manage Mark 10(5):159\u0026ndash;164. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.10474\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.32479/irmm.10474\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEngland A (2022) Quantitative and qualitative research methods. In \u003cem\u003eResearch for Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences\u003c/em\u003e (pp. 71\u0026ndash;96). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-030-79956-4_5\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFarida U, Nongkeng H, Ybnu M, Amin A, Manoktong LOAS, S. N., Yusriadi Y (2021) The role of work environment and leadership on employee performance through employee work discipline. \u003cem\u003eProceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management\u003c/em\u003e, 3734\u0026ndash;3740. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121114313\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=33389ebbd2715c9dc224b507ecad798f\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121114313\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=33389ebbd2715c9dc224b507ecad798f\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eForsyth H (2023) Education as economic stimulus in the human capital century. History Educ Rev 52(1):1\u0026ndash;13. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1108/HER-03-2022-0008\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1108/HER-03-2022-0008\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHelmold M (2019) Excellence in PM. In \u003cem\u003eManagement for Professionals: Vol. Part F568\u003c/em\u003e (pp. 39\u0026ndash;49). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20534-8_3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-030-20534-8_3\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKelibulin ES, Palutturi S, Arifin MA, Thamrin Y, Rahmadani S (2020) The effect of work discipline on a employee performance: (The health office case study of Tanimbar Island). \u003cem\u003eMedico-Legal Update\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e20\u003c/em\u003e(3), 943\u0026ndash;947. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093074229\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=d424e3b990e32e1683103f0a5b6ff5ad\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093074229\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=d424e3b990e32e1683103f0a5b6ff5ad\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKoetsenruijter J, Wensing M (2023) Survey methods in health services research. In \u003cem\u003eFoundations of Health Services Research: Principles, Methods, and Topics\u003c/em\u003e (pp. 99\u0026ndash;110). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29998-8_8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-031-29998-8_8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarlapa E, Mulyana B (2020) The Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Productivity with Competence as Interviening Variables. Int Rev Manage Mark 10(3):54\u0026ndash;63. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9922\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.32479/irmm.9922\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarnisah L, Zamzam F, Handayani S, Yustini T, Wijaya H, Maris H, Irwanto D (2021) Factors affecting e-procurement division employee performance. Int J Data Netw Sci 5(1):19\u0026ndash;24. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.11.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.5267/j.ijdns.2020.11.007\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiftakul Amin M, Dwitayanti Y, for Lecturer Performance Evaluation (2023) Additive Ratio Assessment Model. \u003cem\u003e2023 IEEE International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology: The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Human and Computer Interactions in the Industrial Era 5.0, ICOSNIKOM 2023\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1109/ICoSNIKOM60230.2023.10364531\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1109/ICoSNIKOM60230.2023.10364531\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMomin MM, Ali O (2023) Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Advanced Technology Adoption on Work and Continuous Improvement. HighTech Innov J 4(3):667\u0026ndash;680. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-03-014\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.28991/HIJ-2023-04-03-014\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMurwaningsih T, Fauziah M (2023) The influence of professional attitude, welfare, self-sustaining development, and job satisfaction on teacher performance. J Educ Learn 17(2):271\u0026ndash;284. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v17i2.20785\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.11591/edulearn.v17i2.20785\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNelly N, Prabowo H, Bandur A, Elidjen E (2024) The mediating role of competency in the effect of transformational leadership on lecturer performance. Int J Educational Manage 38(2):333\u0026ndash;354. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2023-0275\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1108/IJEM-06-2023-0275\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOktari SD, Suhardi AR (2021) Discipline And Motivation to Teacher Performance at Geography Education Department. Rev Int Geographical Educ Online 11(3):392\u0026ndash;401. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.800504\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.33403/rigeo.800504\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRetnowati TH, Mardapi D, Kartowagiran B, Hamdi S (2021) A Model of Lecturer Performance Evaluation: Sustainable Lecturer Performance Mapping. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Instruction\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e14\u003c/em\u003e(2), 83\u0026ndash;102. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101741293\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=6df7e8b5f710fe766d0c9d25f8be7cef\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101741293\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=6df7e8b5f710fe766d0c9d25f8be7cef\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRivai A (2017) Influence of work discipline on personnel performance through organization commitment (A study of KODAM transportation unit personnel i / Bukit Barisan). \u003cem\u003eMan in India\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e97\u003c/em\u003e(24), 231\u0026ndash;247. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039056129\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=5df9d148db66146701015dd84cd4017a\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039056129\u0026amp;partnerID=40\u0026amp;md5=5df9d148db66146701015dd84cd4017a\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRostina CF (2022) Enhance Of Leadership, Communication and Work Effectiveness Employees Government. Qual - Access Success 23(189):89\u0026ndash;94. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/23.189.11\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.47750/QAS/23.189.11\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSalsabilla N, Puspitasari P, Haqi DN, Rofiq A, Wulandari RD, MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE OF EMPLOYEE AT WIYUNG SEJAHTERA HOSPITAL SURABAYA (2022) Indonesian J Public Health 17(1):95\u0026ndash;105. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v17i1.2022.95-105\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.20473/ijph.v17i1.2022.95-105\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. ANALYSIS OF WORK\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSantos-D\u0026iacute;az A, Montesinos L, Barrera-Esparza M, del Mar Perez-Desentis M, Salinas-Navarro DE (2024) Implementing a challenge-based learning experience in a bioinstrumentation blended course. BMC Med Educ 24(1). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05462-7\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12909-024-05462-7\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSari DO, Putra R, Alamsyah A (2024) Does e-service for research and community service boost the performance of university lecturers? J Educ Learn 18(1):261\u0026ndash;270. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.20831\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.11591/edulearn.v18i1.20831\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSari PRJ, Snelling LA (2024) Impact of Leadership, Work Discipline, and Motivation on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Wistara Family Caf\u0026eacute; Employees. \u003cem\u003eLecture Notes in Networks and Systems\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e923 LNNS\u003c/em\u003e, 394\u0026ndash;403. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55911-2_38\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-031-55911-2_38\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSciberras M, Dingli A (2023) Quantitative Research. In \u003cem\u003eLecture Notes in Networks and Systems\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 568, pp. 43\u0026ndash;115). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19900-4_11\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/978-3-031-19900-4_11\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSelvanathan M, Yan D, Supramaniam M, Arumugam T, Suppramaniam S (2019) Lecturers\u0026rsquo; productivity in private universities, Kazakhstan. Univers J Educational Res 7(12):2558\u0026ndash;2567. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.071202\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.13189/ujer.2019.071202\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSetia M (2016) Methodology series module 5: Sampling strategies. Indian J Dermatology 61(5):505\u0026ndash;509. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.190118\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.4103/0019-5154.190118\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWahjudi E, Armanu A, Hadiwidjojo D, Solimun S (2024) Lecturer performance in focus: An extensive systematic literature review and analysis. \u003cem\u003eSA Journal of Human Resource Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e22\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2477\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.4102/sajhrm.v22i0.2477\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZuha A, Waheeda A, Wong CH (2023) Comparison of Lecturers\u0026rsquo; Competency in Maldives Higher Education Institutes. J High Educ Theory Pract 23(19):100\u0026ndash;112. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i19.6707\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.33423/jhetp.v23i19.6707\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Akademi Penerbang Indonesia Banyuwangi","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Improve, Lecturer, Performance, Work Discipline, Vocation, Higher Education","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper investigates the critical role of work discipline in enhancing the performance of API Banyuwangi lecturers within the context of higher education. By exploring the intricate relationship between work discipline and lecturer productivity, this study aims to offer thorough explanations for raising the standard of instruction in educational establishments. Through an in-depth analysis of various factors influencing lecturer performance, such as work motivation, leadership, and organizational commitment, this research offers valuable strategies to optimize lecturer effectiveness. Additionally, by examining the relationship between technology and lecturer motivation, and the effect of work discipline on lecturer performance, this paper presents practical recommendations for cultivating a culture of excellence among API Banyuwangi lecturers. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on enhancing lecturer performance and fostering professional development in academic settings.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Improving the Performance of API Banyuwangi Lecturers With Work Discipline","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-15 08:33:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9054804/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2d10debd-020a-436c-b3bc-0302e00f32f3","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 15th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":64084074,"name":"Management"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-15T08:33:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-15 08:33:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9054804","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9054804","identity":"rs-9054804","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}