HIV-1: A Comprehensive & Scientific Review

HIV-1: A Comprehensive & Scientific Review | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 4 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on HIV-1: A Comprehensive & Scientific Review Author : Shobith Suresh 0000-0001-6336-1418 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175433539.92049531/v1 555 views 225 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) stands as one of the most extensively studied pathogens, yet remains a formidable global health challenge despite decades of investigation. Since its discovery, HIV-1 has driven continual scientific innovation, from molecular virology and immunopathology to epidemiology, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and most recently, curative and vaccine strategies. HIV-1's high mutation rate, complex replication cycle including reverse transcription, nuclear integration, and latency-underpins its persistence and resistance to cures. Scientific advances have elucidated intricate viral and host factors including viral protein functions, cellular reservoirs, master transcriptional regulatory circuits, and immunological activation and latency. This review integrates the history of HIV-1 discovery, virological diversity, viral protein functions, reverse transcription, cellular and immunological pathogenesis, powerful new detection and analytical techniques, and front-line developments in ART, latency reversal, and vaccine research. We critically discuss major cell and population studies, molecular models, and therapeutic targets, aiming to provide a resource for both clinical and basic HIV-1 scientists. Supplementary Material File (hiv-1, a comprehensive review (1).pdf) Download 1.01 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 04 August 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords aids art cell models cellular response diagnosis discovery epidemiology hiv-1 immune response integration latency lentivirus master transcriptional regulatory circuit mutation rate pathogenesis retrovirus reverse transcription subtypes vaccines viral proteins virology Authors Affiliations Shobith Suresh 0000-0001-6336-1418 [email protected] Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 555 views 225 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Shobith Suresh. HIV-1: A Comprehensive & Scientific Review. Authorea . 04 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175433539.92049531/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. 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