Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity of Electroencephalography while Learning to Touch-type

Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity of Electroencephalography while Learning to Touch-type | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Changes in Functional Brain Connectivity of Electroencephalography while Learning to Touch-type David Gutiérrez This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5799272/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The functional brain connectivity of electroencephalography (EEG) data that was acquired during the process of learning how to touch-type using the Colemak keyboard distribution is analyzed in this paper. The partial directed coherence (PDC) of the EEG alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms was used to assess the functional brain connectivity at different learning stages. As result, connectivity patterns common to the volunteers of the learning process are found as representative of underlying brain processes. In particular, functional connectivity within alpha brain rhythm in low-difficulty learning tasks exhibit greatest desynchronization in the parietal lobes, which may be an indication of good performance during those tests. Widespread increase of fronto-central brain connectivity in the alpha band during the high-difficulty lesson is shown as a reflection of refined attention allocation and effective motor program processing. Beta modulation during motor planning is also reflected through an increase of frontal functional connectivity, as well as repetition suppression by a decrease in gamma connectivity. Finally, the use of metrics from complex network theory allowed to associate channels P4, F4, Cz, and C4 as important to processes such as attention, execution of motor sequences, cognitive performance and focused attention. These results add insight to previous analysis performed on the same database and further proves the feasibility of monitoring a learning process with EEG. Cognitive Neuroscience Brain rhythms functional connectivity learning partial directed coherence touch-typing Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5799272","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":400172205,"identity":"039ba18d-e5d0-4c52-bc43-8e621d479eda","order_by":0,"name":"David Gutiérrez","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyDCAMxkfABlEKHlAEQlswFECzMxWiBMNgkITUAL3wH2a9IfCmzyzdvbn1X8KLiT2M9//uBnHoZtiQ04tEge4CmTOGCQZjnnzIG0mz0GzxJnzkhmluZhuG2MyxaDAzxpQC2HDSQkEo7dZjA4bGxwg5lBcgbDbTkCWv4bSMg/bCsGabE/f5j5J1ALD24t7MeAWg4AbWFmYwZqkTNgSGaT+IDHFsnDPMwWZwySDSR40pgle4BaJG4km1l8MMDtF77j7Q9vVPyxM5BgP/7ww48/h3n4+w8+vpFQcRtniDEw82CNcbzJgP0BPtlRMApGwSgYBQwMAFoaVUhPw+B9AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"David","middleName":"","lastName":"Gutiérrez","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-09 21:56:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5799272/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5799272/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":73447584,"identity":"7d2fb5cc-8321-44fc-85bf-b5b1bb01ce4b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-10 05:11:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":319950,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5799272/v1_covered_c1bc4e20-a68d-412f-831d-9e91c3c3068d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eChanges in Functional Brain Connectivity of Electroencephalography while Learning to Touch-type\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav)","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Brain rhythms, functional connectivity, learning, partial directed coherence, touch-typing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5799272/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5799272/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe functional brain connectivity of electroencephalography (EEG) data that was acquired during the process of learning how to touch-type using the Colemak keyboard distribution is analyzed in this paper. The partial directed coherence (PDC) of the EEG alpha, beta, and gamma rhythms was used to assess the functional brain connectivity at different learning stages. As result, connectivity patterns common to the volunteers of the learning process are found as representative of underlying brain processes. In particular, functional connectivity within alpha brain rhythm in low-difficulty learning tasks exhibit greatest desynchronization in the parietal lobes, which may be an indication of good performance during those tests. Widespread increase of fronto-central brain connectivity in the alpha band during the high-difficulty lesson is shown as a reflection of refined attention allocation and effective motor program processing. Beta modulation during motor planning is also reflected through an increase of frontal functional connectivity, as well as repetition suppression by a decrease in gamma connectivity. 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