Sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration mediated the association between occupational stress and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers

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This study aimed to explore the associations of occupational stress with WMSDs among bus drivers, and assess the potential mediating role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration. Methods A total of 1792 bus drivers with the available information from 5 subsidiaries of Shenzhen Bus Group by convenient sampling method were included. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with WMSDs. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association between occupational stress and WMSDs. Results The prevalence rate of single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs among bus drivers were 10.04%, 59.26%, and 69.31%, respectively. Compared to participants without occupational stress, those with occupational stress showed a 92% higher risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 1.03-fold elevated risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.92 (1.56, 2.36) and 2.03 (1.63, 2.55), respectively]. Bus drivers with poor sleep quality had a 3.73-fold risk of multiple-site WMSDs and 4.82-fold risk of overall WMSDs than those in high sleep quality [OR (95% CI) = 3.73 (2.89, 4.84) and 4.82 (3.53, 6.71), respectively]. Each 1-hour increment in nighttime sleep duration was linked to a 36% declined risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 37% reduced risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) and 0.63 (0.57, 0.70), respectively]. Further mediation analysis indicated that poor sleep quality and decreased nighttime sleep duration partly mediate the associations between occupational stress and risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Conclusion Occupational stress and poor sleep quality significantly elevated the risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs, while increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration could partly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Highlighting the importance of reducing occupational stress, maintaining good sleep quality and sufficient nighttime sleep duration for WMSDs prevention. Occupational stress Sleep quality Nighttime sleep duration Work-related musculoskeletal disorders Bus drivers Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) refer to injuries or illnesses of the locomotor system, including muscles, tendons, nerves, joints, cartilage and ligaments, caused by various ergonomic factors during job activities [ 1 ]. According to data released by the International Labour Organization (ILO), WMSDs have become the second most common occupational diseases worldwide [ 2 ]. In recent years, WMSDs have been increasingly prominent among occupational populations in China. A study conducted from 2018 to 2020 involving 57,501 workers reported a standardized prevalence rate of overall WMSDs within fifteen key industries in China, reaching 41.2% [ 3 ]. In addition to physical injuries, WMSDs can also lead to considerable indirect impacts, including decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and even occupational accidents, imposing a substantial burden on the economy and society [ 4 ]. Given the high prevalence of WMSDs and their serious consequences, it is urgent to identify the key factors contributing to WMSDs and intervene accordingly. Currently, a growing body of researches has explored the relationship between psychosocial factors and WMSDs. Occupational stress has attracted increasing attention, as it has been found to have a significant influence on both physical and mental illness [ 5 ]. Occupational stress is characterized by a state of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion resulting from imbalance between job demands and job control [ 6 ]. Among 769 midwives from a cross-sectional study, occupational stress was associated with accelerated incidence of WMSDs [ 7 ]. Meanwhile, Dagne et al. observed a positive association between occupational stress with WMSDs in 838 bank workers [ 8 ]. Therefore, occupational stress may play an important role in inducing WMSDs. Existing literature suggested a strong association between occupational stress and sleep disorders [ 9 – 11 ]. Simultaneously, emerging evidence have demonstrated correlations between sleep and certain types of pain, such as back and upper pain [ 12 , 13 ]. Thus, we hypothesized that occupational stress exposure may increase WMSDs risk by promoting sleep-related problems. As vital contributors to public transportation, bus drivers are identified susceptible to develop WMSDs due to prolonged sitting, repetitive operation, awkward postures, and high occupational stress [ 14 ]. The prevalence of WMSDs among bus drivers has been documented in different studies and varies across counties [ 15 , 16 ]. However, seldom studies exploring the relationships between occupational stress, sleep, and WMSDs among bus drivers. In addition, functional impairments have been observed to escalate with an increasing number of pain sites [ 17 ]. Nevertheless, current research on WMSDs among bus drivers has predominantly concentrated on single-site, while multiple-site rarely investigated. In this study, we performed a cross-section study among 1,885 bus drivers in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province of China, with the aim to investigate the association between occupational stress and WMSDs among bus drivers. In additionally, we tested the mediated effects of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration on the above association. Methods Study populations We used the convenient sampling method to recruit 1,885 bus drivers from five subsidiaries of Shenzhen Bus Group. The bus drivers employed between June and December 2022, had at least one year of length of employment, and provided informed consent to participate in this study were recruited, while those with congenital spinal deformities and/or musculoskeletal disorders caused by trauma, infectious diseases and malignant tumors were excluded. Those who with missing data on sleep information were excluded from the study (n = 93). Finally, 1,792 bus drivers were included in the final analysis. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases. (LL2020-34) Assessment of WMSDs We employed a modified Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (M-CMQ), which combined elements from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (DMQ), to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past year [ 18 , 19 ]. This scale has been validated as a reliable tool for assessing musculoskeletal symptoms in China [ 20 ]. WMSDs were defined as pain, discomfort, numbness, or restricted mobility experienced by participants in any of nine body regions (neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, lower back, wrist/hand, hip/thigh, knee, and ankle/foot) over the past 12 months, persisting for at least 24 hours without relief even after rest. Single-site WMSDs were characterized by symptoms affecting only one body region, whereas multiple-site WMSDs were defined by symptoms affecting two or more body regions. Overall WMSDs referred to symptoms affecting one or more body regions. The prevalence of single-site WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in only one body region divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%. The prevalence of multiple-site WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in two or more body regions divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%. The prevalence of overall WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in one or more body regions divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%. Assessment of occupational stress The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), developed by Karasek [ 21 ]was utilized to assess occupational stress. It consists of 22 items covering three dimensions: job demands (five items), job control (nine items), and social support (eight items). Each item was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores are calculated separately for each dimension. The stress level was evaluated using the ratio of the average score between job demands and job control (D/L× 9/5). A ratio of > 1 indicated the presence of occupational stress, and the ratio of ≤ 1 indicated absence of occupational stress. Assessment of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [ 22 ]. It involved seven components, with each of these components was scored from 0 to 3. The total PSQI score was calculated as the sum of these component scores. Higher scores indicated poorer sleep quality. In this study, scores > 5 was defined as poor sleep quality, otherwise considered high sleep quality [ 22 ]. Nighttime sleep duration was measured with a question: “During the past six months, what time did you go to sleep at night and wake up?” Nighttime sleep duration was treated as a continuous variable in the following analysis. Definition of covariates A semi-structured questionnaire administrated by well-trained personnel gathered sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and marriage status), lifestyle (e.g., smoking status, drinking status, and physical exercise) and work-related characteristics (shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours). Marriage status was divided into two categories: single (including single, divorced, or widowed) or married. Educational levels were classified into three categories: junior school or below, vocational school or high school, and college or above. Smoking and drinking statuses were categorized as current, former, or never. Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked more than one cigarette per day for the past six months and former smokers were those who had previously smoked but had quitted for more than six months, otherwise, they were categorized as never smokers. Similarly, current alcohol drinkers were individuals who had consumed alcohol at least once a week for over six months, and former drinkers were those who had previously consumed alcohol but had quitted for at least six months, otherwise, they were categorized as never drinkers. Physical exercisers referred to those had regular physical activity of more than 20 minutes at least three times a week for the past six months, otherwise considered non-regular physical exercisers. Shift work was assessed by asking whether the job involved shift work. A response of “yes” indicated the presence of shift work, while “no” indicated non-shift work. Length of working employment was divided into two categories: 56 hours. Statistical analysis For descriptive statistics, continuous variables were presented as means [standard deviation (SD)] or median [interquartile range (IQR)], while categorical variables were expressed as number (percentage). The differences in the distributions of covariates between individuals with and without WMSDs were assessed by Student's t -test, Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square tests based on their distributions, respectively. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations of occupational stress, sleep quality, and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with adjustment for age, gender, marriage status, education levels, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours. Furthermore, we explored the dose-response relationships between nighttime sleep duration and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs by the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, with adjustment for the same covariates above, with knots at the corresponding 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and the median value of nighttime sleep duration was used as a reference point. The associations between occupational stress and sleep quality as well as nighttime sleep duration were also evaluated by using logistic regression and linear regressions analysis, respectively. Two models were utilized to test the above associations: model 1 was adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, and physical exercise; model 2 were further adjusted for shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours. Additionally, the mediation analysis was performed by using the R package “mediation” to assess the mediating roles of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association of occupational stress and WMSDs, with adjustment for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours. We used R version 4.3.0 to conduct all statistical analyses and the two-side P -value < 0.05 was considered to be statically significant. Results The characteristics of study population The prevalence of single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs among participants was 10.04% (180/1792), 59.26% (1062/1792), and 69.31% (1262/1792), respectively. Additionally, WMSDs mainly occurred in the neck (55.92%, 1002/1792), lower back (53.68%, 962/1792), and shoulders (46.88%, 840/1792) ( Table S1 ). Table 1 (below the conclusion) presents the characteristics of the study participants stratified by single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs status. The majority of participants were male (93.6%, 1678/1792), with a mean age of 46.9 years (SD: 5.7). Approximately 43.2% (775/1792) of individuals reported experiencing occupational stress, and about 29.1% (506/1792) reported poor sleep quality, with a mean nighttime sleep duration of 6.8 hours (SD: 1.0). There was no significant difference in age, gender, marriage status, education levels, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, shift status, length of employment, weekly working hours and occupational stress between participants with and without single-site WMSDs (all P > 0.05). However, subjects with multiple-site WMSDs tended to be smokers, drinkers, physically inactive, to have poor sleep quality, shorter nighttime sleep duration, longer length of employment, to work more than 40 hours per week, and to experience occupational stress (all P < 0.05). Compared to those without overall WMSDs, participants with overall WMSDs were more likely to be smokers, never drinkers, physically inactive, to have poor sleep quality, shorter nighttime sleep duration, to work more than 40 hours per week, and to experience occupational stress (all P < 0.05). Table 1 General characteristics and work-related characteristics among the study participants by single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs categories (n=1792). Variables Single-site WMSDs Multiple-site WMSDs Overall WMSDs No (n=550) Yes P No (n=550) Yes P No (n=550) Yes P General characteristics Age, years 46.9 ± 5.7 46.8 ± 5.6 0.845 46.6 ± 5.6 47.0 ± 5.7 0.152 46.6 ± 5.7 47.0 ± 5.7 0.162 Gender 0.509 0.853 0.464 Male 1512 (93.8) 166 (92.2) 685 (93.8) 993 (93.5) 519 (94.4) 1159 (93.3) Female 100 (6.2) 14 (7.8) 45 (6.2) 69 (6.5) 31 (5.6) 83 (6.7) Marriage status, n (%) 0.556 0.178 0.336 Single 152 (9.4) 14 (7.8) 59 (8.1) 107 (10.1) 45 (8.2) 121 (9.7) Married 1460 (90.6) 166 (92.2) 671 (91.9) 955 (89.9) 505 (91.8) 1121 (90.3) Education level, n (%) 0.924 0.052 0.067 Junior school or below 287 (17.8) 32 (17.8) 131 (17.9) 188 (17.7) 99 (18.0) 220 (17.7) Vocational or high school 1167 (72.4) 132 (73.3) 543 (74.4) 756 (71.2) 411 (74.7) 888 (71.5) College or above 158 (9.8) 16 (8.9) 56 (7.7) 118 (11.1) 40 (7.3) 134 (10.8) Smoking status, n (%) 0.951 <0.001 <0.001 Never smokers 903 (56.0) 103 (57.2) 454 (62.2) 552 (52.0) 351 (63.8) 655 (52.7) Current smokers 476 (29.5) 52 (28.9) 175 (24.0) 353 (33.2) 123 (22.4) 405 (32.6) Former smokers 233 (14.5) 25 (13.9) 101 (13.8) 157 (14.8) 76 (13.8) 182 (14.7) Drinking status, n (%) 0.178 0.005 0.026 Never drinkers 1391 (86.3) 163 (90.6) 639 (87.5) 915 (86.2) 476 (86.5) 1078 (86.8) Current drinkers 67 (4.2) 3 (1.7) 16 (2.2) 54 (5.1) 13 (2.4) 57 (4.6) Former drinkers 154 (9.6) 14 (7.8) 75 (10.3) 93 (8.8) 61 (11.1) 107 (8.6) Exercising status, n (%) 0.431 <0.001 <0.001 Exercisers 1358 (84.2) 147 (81.7) 651 (89.2) 854 (80.4) 504 (91.6) 1001 (80.6) Non-exercisers 254 (15.8) 33 (18.3) 79 (10.8) 208 (19.6) 46 (8.4) 241 (19.4) Sleep quality, n (%) 0.201 <0.001 <0.001 High-quality 1149 (71.3) 137 (76.1) 637 (87.3) 649 (61.1) 500 (90.9) 786 (63.3) Poor-quality 463 (28.7) 43 (23.9) 93 (12.7) 413 (38.9) 50 (9.1) 456 (36.7) Nighttime sleep duration, hours 6.8 ± 1.1 6.9 ± 1.0 0.192 7.1 ± 1.0 6.6 ± 1.0 <0.001 7.2 ± 1.0 6.6 ± 1.0 <0.001 Work-related characteristics Shift status, n (%) 0.369 0.320 0.090 Yes 1024 (63.5) 121 (67.2) 456 (62.5) 689 (64.9) 335 (60.9) 810 (65.2) No 588 (36.5) 59 (32.8) 274 (37.5) 373 (35.1) 215 (39.1) 432 (34.8) Length of employment, n (%) 0.611 0.032 0.058 <10y 476 (29.5) 57 (31.7) 238 (32.6) 295 (27.8) 181 (32.9) 352 (28.3) ≥ 10y 1136 (70.5) 123 (68.3) 492 (67.4) 767 (72.2) 369 (67.1) 890 (71.7) Weekly working hours, n (%) 0.386 <0.001 <0.001 ≤40 h 169 (10.5) 22 (12.2) 103 (14.1) 88 (8.3) 81 (14.7) 110 (8.9) (40~48] h 544 (33.7) 55 (30.6) 283 (38.8) 316 (29.8) 228 (41.5) 371 (29.9) (48~56] h 423 (26.2) 56 (31.1) 183 (25.1) 296 (27.9) 127 (23.1) 352 (28.3) ＞56 h 476 (29.5) 47 (26.1) 161 (22.1) 362 (34.1) 114 (20.7) 409 (32.9) Occupational stress, n (%) 0.596 <0.001 <0.001 Yes 701 (43.5) 74 (41.1) 234 (32.1) 541 (50.9) 160 (29.1) 615 (49.5) No 911 (56.5) 106 (58.9) 496 (67.9) 521 (49.1) 390 (70.9) 627 (50.5) Note: Continuous variables were presented as median (25th, 75th percentiles). Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage). Associations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs As shown in Table 2 (below the conclusion) , no significant correlations were observed between occupational stress, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, and single-site WMSDs (all P > 0.05). However, individuals with occupational stress exhibited a 92% elevated risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 1.03-fold increased risk of overall WMSDs, compared to those without occupational stress [OR (95% CI) = 1.92 (1.56, 2.36) and 2.03 (1.63, 2.55), respectively]. Poor sleep quality was associated with a 3.73-fold risk of multiple-site WMSDs and 4.82-fold risk of overall WMSDs, compared to high sleep quality [OR (95% CI) = 3.73 (2.89, 4.84) and 4.82 (3.53, 6.71), respectively]. Moreover, each 1-hour increment in nighttime sleep duration was strongly linked to a 36% declined risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 37% reduced risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) and 0.63 (0.57, 0.70), respectively]. The further RCS analysis revealed inverse linear dose-response relationships between nighttime sleep duration and both multiple-site WMSDs and overall WMSDs (both P for non-linearity > 0.05, both P for overall association < 0.001, Fig 1 ). Table 2 Associations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs (n=1792). Variables Single-site WMSDs Multiple-site WMSDs Overall WMSDs OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P Occupational stress No 1.00 1.00 Yes 0.89 (0.64, 1.23) 0.476 1.92 (1.56, 2.36) <0.001 2.03 (1.63, 2.55) <0.001 Sleep quality High 1.00 1.00 Poor 0.76 (0.52, 1.09) 0.148 3.73 (2.89, 4.84) <0.001 4.82 (3.53, 6.71) <0.001 Nighttime sleep duration 1.11 (0.96, 1.30) 0.165 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) <0.001 0.63 (0.57, 0.70) <0.001 Note: Models adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment and weekly working hours. Associations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration Table 3 illustrated the associations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration. Bus drivers with occupational stress exhibited a 2.50-fold risk of poor sleep quality than those without occupational stress [model 1, OR (95% CI) = 2.50 (2.01, 3.11)]. After adjustment for common confounders, individuals with occupational stress shown a reduction in nighttime sleep duration by 0.33-hour [model 1, β (95% CI) = -0.33 (-0.43, -0.24)]. Further adjustment for shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours also confirmed the above associations [model 2, OR (95% CI) = 2.26 (1.81, 2.82); β (95% CI) = -0.25 (-0.35, -0.16), respectively]. Table 3 Associations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration (n=1792). Occupational stress Poor sleep quality Nighttime sleep duration OR (95% CI) P β (95% CI) P Model 1 No 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.50 (2.01, 3.11) <0.001 -0.33 (-0.43, -0.24) <0.001 Model 2 No 1.00 1.00 Yes 2.26 (1.81, 2.82) <0.001 -0.25 (-0.35, -0.16) <0.001 Note: Model 1 was adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, education level, smoking status, drinking status and physical exercise. Model 2 further adjusted for shift status, length of employment and weekly working hours. Mediation effects of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs Based on the above research findings, we further conducted the mediation analysis to explore the mediating effect of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the associations between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs. As depicted in Fig 2 , after adjusting for age, gender, marriage status, education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift work, length of employment, and weekly working hours, sleep quality mediated 48.94% and 48.70% of the associations between occupational stress and multiple-site WMSDs and overall WMSDs, respectively ( P < 0.001). Additionally, nighttime sleep duration mediated 19.63% and 18.64% of these associations, respectively ( P < 0.001). Discussion In this study, we observed that bus drivers with occupational stress and poor sleep quality had a significant elevated risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Additionally, occupational stress was linked to a higher risk of poor sleep quality and insufficient nighttime sleep duration. Importantly, poor sleep quality and decreased nighttime sleep duration may partly mediate the associations between occupational stress and risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. WMSDs have emerged as a significant occupational health concern in both developed and developing countries [ 23 ]. Similar to prior research, we observed the prevalence of multiple-site WMSDs (59.26%) was nearly five times higher than that of single-site WMSDs (10.04%), suggesting that multiple-site WMSDs are more frequent [ 24 ]. The prevalence of overall WMSDs among bus drivers was 69.31%, in accordance with findings from a study conducted in South India among 370 male bus drivers, where 66.75% of subjects were reported to have WMSDs [ 25 ]. However, a study involving 200 Taipei bus drivers revealed a higher prevalence of WMSDs at 78.3% [ 26 ]. In another study conducted in Hong Kong, 481 bus drivers experienced a lower prevalence of WMSDs, with different parts showing 12-month prevalence rates ranging from 35–60% [ 27 ]. These findings emphasize the necessity to protect bus drivers from WMSDs. It is reported that occupational stress could increase the risks of adverse health effects, such as hypertension [ 28 ], diabetes [ 29 ], and stroke [ 30 ]. In line with our findings, previous epidemiological studies have highlighted the impacts of occupational stress on an increased risk of WMSDs. A meta-analysis of 21 longitudinal studies suggested that occupational stress was associated with a 62% increased risk of WMSDs [OR (95% CI) = 1.62 (1.22, 2.15)] [ 31 ]. Another populated-based study carried out in China similarly revealed significant correlations between elevated job demands and an increased risk of experiencing pain in the upper limbs, neck, and shoulders [ 32 ]. In the present study, we also found a significant association of occupational stress with increased prevalence of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. One possible explanation may be individuals have a higher awareness and sensitivity of pain under stress [ 33 ]. Additionally, individuals under stress may also change the way of physical work tasks, potentially leading to increased muscle tension or alterations in posture that makes them more likely to experience pain [ 34 ]. Moreover, elevated levels of stress hormones (like cortisol) under stress may result in long-term muscle tension and insufficient muscle recovery, thereby leading to inflammation and subsequent pain manifestation [ 35 – 37 ]. To date, several epidemiological studies have reported the association between sleep features and WMSDs [ 13 ]. The findings from this study suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with a higher risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Consistent with our result, Almhdawi et al. demonstrated a positive association between poor sleep quality and WMSDs in Jordan among registered nurses [ 13 ]. As another sleep measurement, very few studies have explored the associations between nighttime sleep duration and WMSDs. This study indicates that the increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Sleep disorders induce catabolic hormonal and inflammatory responses, which may result in a highly proteolytic environment characterized by decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation, contributing to an increased risk of muscle injury [ 38 – 40 ]. There is growing evidence suggesting that stress is strongly linked to sleep-related problems [ 10 , 11 , 41 ]. For instance, a cross-sectional study involving 154 firefighters from northern California identified that a high effort-reward ratio, a method of evaluating occupational stress, was significantly correlated with a 2.68-fold increase in sleep disturbance compared to individuals with a low effort-reward ratio [ 10 ]. Similarly, another cross-sectional study among 430 police officers in the United States showed that nighttime sleep duration was negatively correlated with perceived stress (β = -0.15, p < 0.001) [ 11 ]. In our study, we also observed significant positive correlations between occupational stress and poor sleep quality, while we identified a noteworthy negative correlation with nighttime sleep duration. Chronic exposure to occupational stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increase glucocorticoid secretion, including cortisol [ 42 ]. Elevated cortisol levels not only affect the HPA axis feedback loop but also lead to various sleep disorders [ 43 – 45 ]. Mediation analysis revealed that both sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration significantly mediate the positive association between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Our findings contribute to the current knowledge by providing evidence that improving sleep quality and keep sufficient nighttime sleep duration might ameliorate the negative impact of occupational stress on multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Inflammation may serve as a potential underlying mechanism. A comprehensive review had elucidated the role of inflammation in sleep disorders [ 46 ]. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that occupational stress can induce inflammation [ 47 ]. Numerous studies have linked inflammation to WMSDs [ 35 ]. Further experimental research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the future. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents a relatively large sample of bus drivers for exploring the associations between occupational stress and single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Additionally, we utilized well-established and widely used scales, including the JCQ, the PSQI, and the M-CMQ, to assess occupational stress, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, and WMSDs. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Nevertheless, several limitations should also be acknowledged. First, this is a cross-sectional study and the causal relationship between occupational stress and WMSDs requires verification in further prospective studies. Second, our study solely focused on bus drivers which may limit its generalizability to other populations; thus, further research is needed to confirm its applicability. Third, the assessment of covariates relied on self-reported information, which may potentially lead to misclassification. Although we extensively controlled potential confounders, there was still the possibility unmeasured confounding (like medical history and socioeconomic status). Conclusions In summary, the present study showed positive associations of occupational stress and poor sleep quality with an increased risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs, while sufficient nighttime sleep duration was linked to a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Poor sleep quality and insufficient nighttime sleep duration may play mediating roles in the association between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of occupational stress in the development of WMSDs. Public health interventions targeting the implementation of comprehensive psychological intervention measures, improving sleep quality, and maintaining sufficient nighttime sleep duration might help decrease the risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs among bus drivers. Abbreviations WMSDs Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders ILO International Labour Organization JCQ The Job Content Questionnaire PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index SD Standard Deviation IQR Interquartile Range RCS Restricted Cubic Spline Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study protocols for the collection and analyses of the survey data were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases. (LL2020-34). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files]. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality [grant number KCXFZ20201221173602007], and the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2023YFC2509300]. Authors' contributions Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, DaFeng Lin, Wei Zhou, Huan Guo, Naixing Zhang designed the research. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, Shengli Chen, Wei Zhou, collected, analyzed the data. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng drafted the manuscript. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, Huan Guo revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements We would like to thank all participants in this study. Authors' information Yuxi Wang and Shaofan Weng these authors have contributed equally to this article. Corresponding author Correspondence to Naixing Zhang and Huan Guo. References Hossain MD, Aftab A, Al Imam MH, Mahmud I, Chowdhury IA, Kabir RI, et al. 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Halonen JI, Virtanen M, Leineweber C, Rod NH, Westerlund H, Magnusson Hanson LL. Associations between onset of effort-reward imbalance at work and onset of musculoskeletal pain: analyzing observational longitudinal data as pseudo-trials. Pain. 2018;159(8):1477–83. Bernard BP, Putz-Anderson V. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back. Cincinnati OH, 1997. Generaal E, Vogelzangs N, Macfarlane GJ, Geenen R, Smit JH, Dekker J, et al. Basal inflammation and innate immune response in chronic multisite musculoskeletal pain. Pain. 2014;155(8):1605–12. McFarlane AC. Stress-related musculoskeletal pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2007;21(3):549–65. McBeth J, Silman AJ, Gupta A, Chiu YH, Ray D, Morriss R, et al. Moderation of psychosocial risk factors through dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis in the onset of chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain: findings of a population-based prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(1):360–71. Dattilo M, Antunes HK, Medeiros A, Mônico Neto M, Souza HS, Tufik S, et al. Sleep and muscle recovery: endocrinological and molecular basis for a new and promising hypothesis. Med Hypotheses. 2011;77(2):220–2. Carbone JW, McClung JP, Pasiakos SM. Skeletal muscle responses to negative energy balance: effects of dietary protein. Adv Nutr. 2012;3(2):119–26. Chennaoui M, Vanneau T, Trignol A, Arnal P, Gomez-Merino D, Baudot C, et al. How does sleep help recovery from exercise-induced muscle injuries? J Sci Med Sport. 2021;24(10):982–7. Almojali AI, Almalki SA, Alothman AS, Masuadi EM, Alaqeel MK. The prevalence and association of stress with sleep quality among medical students. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017;7(3):169–74. De Sio S, Letizia C, Petramala L, Saracino V, Cedrone F, Sanguigni P, et al. Work-related stress and cortisol levels: is there an association? Results of an observational study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(24):9012–7. Li Y, Cao Z, Wu S, Wang C, He S, Dong Y, et al. Association of job stress, CLOCK gene polymorphism and their interaction with poor sleep quality. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(1):e13133. Buckley TM, Schatzberg AF. On the interactions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and sleep: normal HPA axis activity and circadian rhythm, exemplary sleep disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):3106–14. Lattova Z, Keckeis M, Maurovich-Horvat E, Wetter TC, Wilde-Frenz J, Schuld A, et al. The stress hormone system in various sleep disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 2011;45(9):1223–8. Irwin MR. Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19(11):702–15. Xu W, Chen B, Guo L, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zeng H. High-sensitivity CRP: possible link between job stress and atherosclerosis. Am J Ind Med. 2015;58(7):773–9. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarymaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 19 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 24 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 30 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 11 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 08 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Nov, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5408186","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":382170272,"identity":"6762cfba-2a24-43b2-81f1-894a8ff0f030","order_by":0,"name":"Yuxi Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuxi","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":382170273,"identity":"d59bd360-fb5c-48dd-87f8-928143d24928","order_by":1,"name":"Shaofan Weng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaofan","middleName":"","lastName":"Weng","suffix":""},{"id":382170275,"identity":"898aa111-6e52-46ac-8903-31ead5ba2d61","order_by":2,"name":"DaFeng Lin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"DaFeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""},{"id":382170276,"identity":"fbaaeef4-b85e-4eb9-be02-d93f6ad85642","order_by":3,"name":"Shengli Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shengli","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":382170277,"identity":"e80d66ae-a728-4d34-b5f6-3a2d5e2dc8e8","order_by":4,"name":"Wei Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":382170278,"identity":"0c42ffe1-5b7e-4170-afe2-b9e488f8136e","order_by":5,"name":"Huan Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huan","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":382170279,"identity":"5586f78a-1900-4d28-bcf0-78d081f06bd1","order_by":6,"name":"Naixing Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSBmbGBg4GPgYXyQUGFDghY2Nh5mgwdn0kjTwib5sO0QYR3ys5ufPfy6w0aeTb73WEUC2wEG/vbuBLxaGOccMzeWPZNm2MbGl3YjgecOg8SZsxvwamGWSDCTlmw7zNjGxmN2I0HiGYOBRC5+LWwS6d+AWv7bg7QUJBgcJqyFRyLHTPJj24FEkBaGhAQitEhI5JRJM7YlJ7ex5RhLJBxI4yHoF/kZ6dskf7bZ2fYznzH8+POfjRx/ey9+LSDAzIPsUoLKQYDxB1HKRsEoGAWjYMQCAOSYQ4aCzHFzAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Naixing","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-07 08:38:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5408186/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5408186/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22236-y","type":"published","date":"2025-04-19T15:57:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":71052368,"identity":"8fc6cd72-adf8-4b64-8611-defea54d3747","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 15:53:07","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":118757,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe restricted cubic spline for the associations between nighttime sleep duration and the risk of Multiple-site WMSDs and Overall WMSDs. (A) Association between nighttime sleep duration and multiple-site WMSDs; (B) Association between nighttime sleep duration and overall WMSDs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: model was adjusted with age, gender, marriage status, education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment and weekly working hours. The three red solid dots represent the knots of 10th, 50th, 90th percentiles of nighttime sleep duration, respectively, and the separate median values of nighttime sleep duration were used as the reference.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.tif.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5408186/v1/56dd392c5d17db713fa3452e.jpg"},{"id":71052366,"identity":"b5b80382-de70-46ac-ac63-73687e5eaf3c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 15:53:07","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":147910,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMediation effects of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration on the associations of occupational stress with Multiple-site WMSDs or Overall WMSDs. (A) Occupational stress-Sleep quality-Multiple-site WMSDs; (B) Occupational stress-Sleep quality-Overall WMSDs; (C) Occupational stress- Nighttime sleep duration -Multiple-site WMSDs; (D) Occupational stress- Nighttime sleep duration -Overall WMSDs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: The mediation analyses were carried out by “mediation” package in R, with 1000 simulations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: NIE, natural indirect effects; NDE, natural direct mediation effects.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure2.tif.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5408186/v1/0b7a523d307ebd0839354ba1.jpg"},{"id":81050964,"identity":"f1fa5dc7-e2f0-4cab-a8af-32230b405f0e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-21 16:08:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1526497,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5408186/v1/b2d499f7-b8f0-4be3-ae64-ba02289a53ae.pdf"},{"id":71052367,"identity":"91370b6f-c76f-45ba-a870-0f51d0b5f116","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 15:53:07","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16525,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementarymaterials.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5408186/v1/265a6f75c637d7ced625074e.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration mediated the association between occupational stress and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) refer to injuries or illnesses of the locomotor system, including muscles, tendons, nerves, joints, cartilage and ligaments, caused by various ergonomic factors during job activities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. According to data released by the International Labour Organization (ILO), WMSDs have become the second most common occupational diseases worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. In recent years, WMSDs have been increasingly prominent among occupational populations in China. A study conducted from 2018 to 2020 involving 57,501 workers reported a standardized prevalence rate of overall WMSDs within fifteen key industries in China, reaching 41.2% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition to physical injuries, WMSDs can also lead to considerable indirect impacts, including decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and even occupational accidents, imposing a substantial burden on the economy and society [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Given the high prevalence of WMSDs and their serious consequences, it is urgent to identify the key factors contributing to WMSDs and intervene accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrently, a growing body of researches has explored the relationship between psychosocial factors and WMSDs. Occupational stress has attracted increasing attention, as it has been found to have a significant influence on both physical and mental illness [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Occupational stress is characterized by a state of mental, emotional and physical exhaustion resulting from imbalance between job demands and job control [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Among 769 midwives from a cross-sectional study, occupational stress was associated with accelerated incidence of WMSDs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Meanwhile, Dagne et al. observed a positive association between occupational stress with WMSDs in 838 bank workers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, occupational stress may play an important role in inducing WMSDs. Existing literature suggested a strong association between occupational stress and sleep disorders [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Simultaneously, emerging evidence have demonstrated correlations between sleep and certain types of pain, such as back and upper pain [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, we hypothesized that occupational stress exposure may increase WMSDs risk by promoting sleep-related problems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs vital contributors to public transportation, bus drivers are identified susceptible to develop WMSDs due to prolonged sitting, repetitive operation, awkward postures, and high occupational stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. The prevalence of WMSDs among bus drivers has been documented in different studies and varies across counties [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. However, seldom studies exploring the relationships between occupational stress, sleep, and WMSDs among bus drivers. In addition, functional impairments have been observed to escalate with an increasing number of pain sites [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, current research on WMSDs among bus drivers has predominantly concentrated on single-site, while multiple-site rarely investigated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we performed a cross-section study among 1,885 bus drivers in Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province of China, with the aim to investigate the association between occupational stress and WMSDs among bus drivers. In additionally, we tested the mediated effects of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration on the above association.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy populations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe used the convenient sampling method to recruit 1,885 bus drivers from five subsidiaries of Shenzhen Bus Group. The bus drivers employed between June and December 2022, had at least one year of length of employment, and provided informed consent to participate in this study were recruited, while those with congenital spinal deformities and/or musculoskeletal disorders caused by trauma, infectious diseases and malignant tumors were excluded. Those who with missing data on sleep information were excluded from the study (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;93). Finally, 1,792 bus drivers were included in the final analysis. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases. (LL2020-34)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAssessment of WMSDs\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe employed a modified Chinese version of the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (M-CMQ), which combined elements from the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (DMQ), to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in the past year [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. This scale has been validated as a reliable tool for assessing musculoskeletal symptoms in China [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. WMSDs were defined as pain, discomfort, numbness, or restricted mobility experienced by participants in any of nine body regions (neck, shoulders, upper back, elbows, lower back, wrist/hand, hip/thigh, knee, and ankle/foot) over the past 12 months, persisting for at least 24 hours without relief even after rest. Single-site WMSDs were characterized by symptoms affecting only one body region, whereas multiple-site WMSDs were defined by symptoms affecting two or more body regions. Overall WMSDs referred to symptoms affecting one or more body regions. The prevalence of single-site WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in only one body region divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%. The prevalence of multiple-site WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in two or more body regions divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%. The prevalence of overall WMSDs was calculated as the number of participants with symptoms in one or more body regions divided by the total number of participants, multiplied by 100.0%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAssessment of occupational stress\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), developed by Karasek [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]was utilized to assess occupational stress. It consists of 22 items covering three dimensions: job demands (five items), job control (nine items), and social support (eight items). Each item was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores are calculated separately for each dimension. The stress level was evaluated using the ratio of the average score between job demands and job control (D/L\u0026times; 9/5). A ratio of \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1 indicated the presence of occupational stress, and the ratio of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;1 indicated absence of occupational stress.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAssessment of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. It involved seven components, with each of these components was scored from 0 to 3. The total PSQI score was calculated as the sum of these component scores. Higher scores indicated poorer sleep quality. In this study, scores\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5 was defined as poor sleep quality, otherwise considered high sleep quality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Nighttime sleep duration was measured with a question: \u0026ldquo;During the past six months, what time did you go to sleep at night and wake up?\u0026rdquo; Nighttime sleep duration was treated as a continuous variable in the following analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDefinition of covariates\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA semi-structured questionnaire administrated by well-trained personnel gathered sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and marriage status), lifestyle (e.g., smoking status, drinking status, and physical exercise) and work-related characteristics (shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours). Marriage status was divided into two categories: single (including single, divorced, or widowed) or married. Educational levels were classified into three categories: junior school or below, vocational school or high school, and college or above. Smoking and drinking statuses were categorized as current, former, or never. Current smokers were defined as individuals who had smoked more than one cigarette per day for the past six months and former smokers were those who had previously smoked but had quitted for more than six months, otherwise, they were categorized as never smokers. Similarly, current alcohol drinkers were individuals who had consumed alcohol at least once a week for over six months, and former drinkers were those who had previously consumed alcohol but had quitted for at least six months, otherwise, they were categorized as never drinkers. Physical exercisers referred to those had regular physical activity of more than 20 minutes at least three times a week for the past six months, otherwise considered non-regular physical exercisers. Shift work was assessed by asking whether the job involved shift work. A response of \u0026ldquo;yes\u0026rdquo; indicated the presence of shift work, while \u0026ldquo;no\u0026rdquo; indicated non-shift work. Length of working employment was divided into two categories: \u0026lt;10 years or \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;10 years. Weekly working hours were also interviewed and sorted into four categories: \u0026le;40 hours, (40\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;48] hours, (48\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;56] hours, and\u0026gt;56 hours.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor descriptive statistics, continuous variables were presented as means [standard deviation (SD)] or median [interquartile range (IQR)], while categorical variables were expressed as number (percentage). The differences in the distributions of covariates between individuals with and without WMSDs were assessed by Student's \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test, Mann-Whitney \u003cem\u003eU\u003c/em\u003e test or Chi-square tests based on their distributions, respectively. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations of occupational stress, sleep quality, and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with adjustment for age, gender, marriage status, education levels, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours. Furthermore, we explored the dose-response relationships between nighttime sleep duration and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs by the restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, with adjustment for the same covariates above, with knots at the corresponding 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles, and the median value of nighttime sleep duration was used as a reference point. The associations between occupational stress and sleep quality as well as nighttime sleep duration were also evaluated by using logistic regression and linear regressions analysis, respectively. Two models were utilized to test the above associations: model 1 was adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, and physical exercise; model 2 were further adjusted for shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours. Additionally, the mediation analysis was performed by using the R package \u0026ldquo;mediation\u0026rdquo; to assess the mediating roles of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association of occupational stress and WMSDs, with adjustment for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe used R version 4.3.0 to conduct all statistical analyses and the two-side \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered to be statically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe characteristics of study population\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs among participants was 10.04% (180/1792), 59.26% (1062/1792), and 69.31% (1262/1792), respectively. Additionally, WMSDs mainly occurred in the neck (55.92%, 1002/1792), lower back (53.68%, 962/1792), and shoulders (46.88%, 840/1792) (\u003cstrong\u003eTable S1\u003c/strong\u003e). \u003cstrong\u003eTable 1 (below the conclusion)\u003c/strong\u003e presents the characteristics of the study participants stratified by single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs status. The majority of participants were male (93.6%, 1678/1792), with a mean age of 46.9 years (SD: 5.7). Approximately 43.2% (775/1792) of individuals reported experiencing occupational stress, and about 29.1% (506/1792) reported poor sleep quality, with a mean nighttime sleep duration of 6.8 hours (SD: 1.0). There was no significant difference in age, gender, marriage status, education levels, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, shift status, length of employment, weekly working hours and occupational stress between participants with and without single-site WMSDs (all \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05). However, subjects with multiple-site WMSDs tended to be smokers, drinkers, physically inactive, to have poor sleep quality, shorter nighttime sleep duration, longer length of employment, to work more than 40 hours per week, and to experience occupational stress (all \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05). Compared to those without overall WMSDs, participants with overall WMSDs were more likely to be smokers, never drinkers, physically inactive, to have poor sleep quality, shorter nighttime sleep duration, to work more than 40 hours per week, and to experience occupational stress (all \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;General characteristics and work-related characteristics among the study participants by single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs categories (n=1792).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: none;width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:22.32%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eVariables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 24.42%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eSingle-site WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 24.4%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eMultiple-site WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 24.66%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eOverall WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e(n=550)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e(n=550)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.85pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 19.85pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e(n=550)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:22.32%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eGeneral characteristics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.12%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eAge, years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e46.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e5.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e46.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e5.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n 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style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:black;\"\u003e0.464\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1512 (93.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e166 (92.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: 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style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eMarriage status, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;font-family: DengXian;\"\u003e0.556\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n 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style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e0.178\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e0.336\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eSingle\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e152 (9.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e14 (7.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e59 (8.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e107 (10.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e45 (8.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e121 (9.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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(92.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e671 (91.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e955 (89.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e505 (91.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1121 (90.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eEducation level, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;font-family: DengXian;\"\u003e0.924\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e0.052\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e0.067\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eJunior school or below\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e287 (17.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e32 (17.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e131 (17.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e188 (17.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e99 (18.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e220 (17.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eVocational or high school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1167 (72.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e132 (73.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e543 (74.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e756 (71.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e411 (74.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e888 (71.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eCollege or above\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e158 (9.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e16 (8.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e56 (7.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e118 (11.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e40 (7.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e134 (10.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eSmoking status, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.951\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNever smokers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e903 (56.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e103 (57.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e454 (62.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e552 (52.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e351 (63.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e655 (52.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eCurrent smokers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e476 (29.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e52 (28.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e175 (24.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e353 (33.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e123 (22.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e405 (32.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Former smokers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e233 (14.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e25 (13.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e101 (13.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e157 (14.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e76 (13.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e182 (14.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eDrinking status, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;font-family: DengXian;\"\u003e0.178\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e0.005\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e0.026\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNever drinkers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1391 (86.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e163 (90.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e639 (87.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e915 (86.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e476 (86.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e1078 (86.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eCurrent drinkers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e67 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e3 (1.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e16 (2.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e54 (5.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e13 (2.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e57 (4.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eFormer drinkers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e154 (9.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e14 (7.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e75 (10.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e93 (8.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e61 (11.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e107 (8.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eExercising status, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.431\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Exercisers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1358 (84.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e147 (81.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e651 (89.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e854 (80.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e504 (91.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1001 (80.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Non-exercisers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e254 (15.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e33 (18.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e79 (10.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e208 (19.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eSleep quality, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.201\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eHigh-quality\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1149 (71.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e137 (76.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e637 (87.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e649 (61.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e500 (90.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e786 (63.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003ePoor-quality\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e463 (28.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e43 (23.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e93 (12.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e413 (38.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e50 (9.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e456 (36.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNighttime sleep duration, hours\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e6.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e6.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e1.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.192\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e7.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e1.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e6.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan 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style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e59 (32.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e274 (37.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e373 (35.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e215 (39.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e432 (34.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eLength of employment, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;font-family: DengXian;\"\u003e0.611\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e0.032\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e0.058\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026lt;10y\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e476 (29.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e57 (31.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e238 (32.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e295 (27.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e181 (32.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e352 (28.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height: 115%;\"\u003e\u0026ge;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e10y\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e1136 (70.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e123 (68.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e492 (67.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e767 (72.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e369 (67.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e890 (71.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eWeekly working hours, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.386\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:10.5pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026le;40 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e169 (10.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e22 (12.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e103 (14.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e88 (8.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e81 (14.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e110 (8.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:10.5pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e(40~48] h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e544 (33.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e55 (30.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e283 (38.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e316 (29.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e228 (41.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e371 (29.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:10.5pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e(48~56] h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e423 (26.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e56 (31.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e183 (25.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e296 (27.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 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none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e161 (22.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e362 (34.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eOccupational stress, n (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.14%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.16%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e0.596\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n 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none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 8.28%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.34%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e701 (43.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e74 (41.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e234 (32.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e541 (50.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e160 (29.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e615 (49.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 22.32%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e911 (56.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.16%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e106 (58.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.12%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.02%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.16%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e496 (67.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.4937%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:15px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e521 (49.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.8481%; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; height: 17pt; vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.18%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e390 (70.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.34%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:black;\"\u003e627 (50.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6.04%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 17pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eNote: Continuous variables were presented as median (25th, 75th percentiles). Categorical variables were presented as number (percentage).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssociations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 2 (below the conclusion)\u003c/strong\u003e, no significant correlations were observed between occupational stress, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, and single-site WMSDs (all \u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026gt; 0.05). However, individuals with occupational stress exhibited a 92% elevated risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 1.03-fold increased risk of overall WMSDs, compared to those without occupational stress [OR (95% CI) = 1.92 (1.56, 2.36) and 2.03 (1.63, 2.55), respectively]. Poor sleep quality was associated with a 3.73-fold risk of multiple-site WMSDs and 4.82-fold risk of overall WMSDs, compared to high sleep quality [OR (95% CI) = 3.73 (2.89, 4.84) and 4.82 (3.53, 6.71), respectively]. Moreover, each 1-hour increment in nighttime sleep duration was strongly linked to a 36% declined risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 37% reduced risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.58, 0.71) and 0.63 (0.57, 0.70), respectively]. The further RCS analysis revealed inverse linear dose-response relationships between nighttime sleep duration and both multiple-site WMSDs and overall WMSDs (both \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e for non-linearity \u0026gt; 0.05, both \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e for overall association \u0026lt; 0.001, \u003cstrong\u003eFig 1\u003c/strong\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 100%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Associations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs (n=1792).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:20.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eVariables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 24.38%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eSingle-site WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 26.44%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eMultiple-site WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 24.82%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eOverall WMSDs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.22%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eOR (95% CI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.16%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:2.04%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.26%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eOR (95% CI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.18%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:15.24%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eOR (95% CI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.58%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:150%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:150%;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eOccupational stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.22%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.16%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:2.04%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.26%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:10.18%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.89 (0.64, 1.23)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.476\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.92 (1.56, 2.36)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e2.03 (1.63, 2.55)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eSleep quality\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eHigh\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;text-indent:12.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003ePoor\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.76 (0.52, 1.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.148\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e3.73 (2.89, 4.84)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e4.82 (3.53, 6.71)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:20.28%;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:19.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eNighttime sleep duration\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.11 (0.96, 1.30)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.16%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.165\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16.26%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e0.64 (0.58, 0.71)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.18%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.04%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 15.24%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003e0.63 (0.57, 0.70)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9.58%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 19.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 100%;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 39.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNote: Models adjusted for age, gender, marriage status, and education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift status, length of employment and weekly working hours.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssociations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u003c/strong\u003e illustrated the associations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration. Bus drivers with occupational stress exhibited a 2.50-fold risk of poor sleep quality than those without occupational stress [model 1, OR (95% CI) = 2.50 (2.01, 3.11)]. After adjustment for common confounders, individuals with occupational stress shown a reduction in nighttime sleep duration by 0.33-hour [model 1, \u0026beta; (95% CI) = -0.33 (-0.43, -0.24)]. Further adjustment for shift status, length of employment, and weekly working hours also confirmed the above associations [model 2, OR (95% CI) = 2.26 (1.81, 2.82); \u0026beta; (95% CI) = -0.25 (-0.35, -0.16), respectively].\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 99%;border-collapse: collapse;border: none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width:100.0%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Associations of occupational stress with sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration (n=1792).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:18.22%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eOccupational stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:36.9%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003ePoor sleep quality\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:2.88%;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:42.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eNighttime sleep duration\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eOR (95% CI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:12.02%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:2.88%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:27.08%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;(95% CI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.94%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;font-family: SimSun;\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eModel 1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e2.50 (2.01, 3.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e-0.33 (-0.43, -0.24)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eModel 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18.22%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24.86%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e2.26 (1.81, 2.82)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.02%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.88%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 27.08%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;\"\u003e-0.25 (-0.35, -0.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14.94%;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;color:red;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 100%;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8.0pt;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003eNote: Model 1 was adjusted for age, gender,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height: 115%;\"\u003emarriage status, education level, smoking status, drinking status and physical exercise.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:16px;line-height:115%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;Model 2 further adjusted for shift status, length of employment and weekly working hours.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMediation effects of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the above research findings, we further conducted the mediation analysis to explore the mediating effect of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the associations between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs. As depicted in \u003cstrong\u003eFig 2\u003c/strong\u003e, after adjusting for age, gender, marriage status, education level, smoking status, drinking status, physical exercise, shift work, length of employment, and weekly working hours, sleep quality mediated 48.94% and 48.70% of the associations between occupational stress and multiple-site WMSDs and overall WMSDs, respectively (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). Additionally, nighttime sleep duration mediated 19.63% and 18.64% of these associations, respectively (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, we observed that bus drivers with occupational stress and poor sleep quality had a significant elevated risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Additionally, occupational stress was linked to a higher risk of poor sleep quality and insufficient nighttime sleep duration. Importantly, poor sleep quality and decreased nighttime sleep duration may partly mediate the associations between occupational stress and risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWMSDs have emerged as a significant occupational health concern in both developed and developing countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Similar to prior research, we observed the prevalence of multiple-site WMSDs (59.26%) was nearly five times higher than that of single-site WMSDs (10.04%), suggesting that multiple-site WMSDs are more frequent [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. The prevalence of overall WMSDs among bus drivers was 69.31%, in accordance with findings from a study conducted in South India among 370 male bus drivers, where 66.75% of subjects were reported to have WMSDs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. However, a study involving 200 Taipei bus drivers revealed a higher prevalence of WMSDs at 78.3% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. In another study conducted in Hong Kong, 481 bus drivers experienced a lower prevalence of WMSDs, with different parts showing 12-month prevalence rates ranging from 35\u0026ndash;60% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings emphasize the necessity to protect bus drivers from WMSDs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is reported that occupational stress could increase the risks of adverse health effects, such as hypertension [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], diabetes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e], and stroke [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. In line with our findings, previous epidemiological studies have highlighted the impacts of occupational stress on an increased risk of WMSDs. A meta-analysis of 21 longitudinal studies suggested that occupational stress was associated with a 62% increased risk of WMSDs [OR (95% CI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.62 (1.22, 2.15)] [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Another populated-based study carried out in China similarly revealed significant correlations between elevated job demands and an increased risk of experiencing pain in the upper limbs, neck, and shoulders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, we also found a significant association of occupational stress with increased prevalence of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. One possible explanation may be individuals have a higher awareness and sensitivity of pain under stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, individuals under stress may also change the way of physical work tasks, potentially leading to increased muscle tension or alterations in posture that makes them more likely to experience pain [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, elevated levels of stress hormones (like cortisol) under stress may result in long-term muscle tension and insufficient muscle recovery, thereby leading to inflammation and subsequent pain manifestation [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR36\" citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo date, several epidemiological studies have reported the association between sleep features and WMSDs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. The findings from this study suggest that poor sleep quality is associated with a higher risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Consistent with our result, Almhdawi et al. demonstrated a positive association between poor sleep quality and WMSDs in Jordan among registered nurses [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. As another sleep measurement, very few studies have explored the associations between nighttime sleep duration and WMSDs. This study indicates that the increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Sleep disorders induce catabolic hormonal and inflammatory responses, which may result in a highly proteolytic environment characterized by decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation, contributing to an increased risk of muscle injury [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR39\" citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is growing evidence suggesting that stress is strongly linked to sleep-related problems [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. For instance, a cross-sectional study involving 154 firefighters from northern California identified that a high effort-reward ratio, a method of evaluating occupational stress, was significantly correlated with a 2.68-fold increase in sleep disturbance compared to individuals with a low effort-reward ratio [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, another cross-sectional study among 430 police officers in the United States showed that nighttime sleep duration was negatively correlated with perceived stress (β = -0.15, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, we also observed significant positive correlations between occupational stress and poor sleep quality, while we identified a noteworthy negative correlation with nighttime sleep duration. Chronic exposure to occupational stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to increase glucocorticoid secretion, including cortisol [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Elevated cortisol levels not only affect the HPA axis feedback loop but also lead to various sleep disorders [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR44\" citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMediation analysis revealed that both sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration significantly mediate the positive association between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Our findings contribute to the current knowledge by providing evidence that improving sleep quality and keep sufficient nighttime sleep duration might ameliorate the negative impact of occupational stress on multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Inflammation may serve as a potential underlying mechanism. A comprehensive review had elucidated the role of inflammation in sleep disorders [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that occupational stress can induce inflammation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e]. Numerous studies have linked inflammation to WMSDs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Further experimental research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, this study represents a relatively large sample of bus drivers for exploring the associations between occupational stress and single-site, multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Additionally, we utilized well-established and widely used scales, including the JCQ, the PSQI, and the M-CMQ, to assess occupational stress, sleep quality, nighttime sleep duration, and WMSDs. Furthermore, this study was the first to investigate the role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association between occupational stress and multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Nevertheless, several limitations should also be acknowledged. First, this is a cross-sectional study and the causal relationship between occupational stress and WMSDs requires verification in further prospective studies. Second, our study solely focused on bus drivers which may limit its generalizability to other populations; thus, further research is needed to confirm its applicability. Third, the assessment of covariates relied on self-reported information, which may potentially lead to misclassification. Although we extensively controlled potential confounders, there was still the possibility unmeasured confounding (like medical history and socioeconomic status).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn summary, the present study showed positive associations of occupational stress and poor sleep quality with an increased risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs, while sufficient nighttime sleep duration was linked to a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Poor sleep quality and insufficient nighttime sleep duration may play mediating roles in the association between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of occupational stress in the development of WMSDs. Public health interventions targeting the implementation of comprehensive psychological intervention measures, improving sleep quality, and maintaining sufficient nighttime sleep duration might help decrease the risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs among bus drivers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWMSDs\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork-related Musculoskeletal Disorders\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eILO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational Labour Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eJCQ\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Job Content Questionnaire\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePSQI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePittsburgh Sleep Quality Index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSD\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIQR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterquartile Range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eRCS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestricted Cubic Spline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study protocols for the collection and analyses of the survey data were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases. (LL2020-34). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality [grant number KCXFZ20201221173602007], and the National Key R\u0026amp;D Program of China [grant number 2023YFC2509300].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, DaFeng Lin, Wei Zhou, Huan Guo, Naixing Zhang designed the research. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, Shengli Chen, Wei Zhou, collected, analyzed the data. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng drafted the manuscript. Yuxi Wang, Shaofan Weng, Huan Guo revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank all participants in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYuxi Wang and Shaofan Weng these authors have contributed equally to this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorresponding author\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence to Naixing Zhang and Huan Guo.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHossain MD, Aftab A, Al Imam MH, Mahmud I, Chowdhury IA, Kabir RI, et al. 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Am J Ind Med. 2015;58(7):773\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Occupational stress, Sleep quality, Nighttime sleep duration, Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Bus drivers","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5408186/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5408186/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWork-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) significantly affect bus drivers\u0026rsquo; health and warrant adequate attention. This study aimed to explore the associations of occupational stress with WMSDs among bus drivers, and assess the potential mediating role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 1792 bus drivers with the available information from 5 subsidiaries of Shenzhen Bus Group by convenient sampling method were included. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the associations of occupational stress, sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration with WMSDs. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the role of sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration in the association between occupational stress and WMSDs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence rate of single-site, multiple-site, and overall WMSDs among bus drivers were 10.04%, 59.26%, and 69.31%, respectively. Compared to participants without occupational stress, those with occupational stress showed a 92% higher risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 1.03-fold elevated risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% confidence interval, CI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.92 (1.56, 2.36) and 2.03 (1.63, 2.55), respectively]. Bus drivers with poor sleep quality had a 3.73-fold risk of multiple-site WMSDs and 4.82-fold risk of overall WMSDs than those in high sleep quality [OR (95% CI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.73 (2.89, 4.84) and 4.82 (3.53, 6.71), respectively]. Each 1-hour increment in nighttime sleep duration was linked to a 36% declined risk of multiple-site WMSDs and a 37% reduced risk of overall WMSDs [OR (95% CI)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.64 (0.58, 0.71) and 0.63 (0.57, 0.70), respectively]. Further mediation analysis indicated that poor sleep quality and decreased nighttime sleep duration partly mediate the associations between occupational stress and risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupational stress and poor sleep quality significantly elevated the risk of both multiple-site and overall WMSDs, while increased nighttime sleep duration was associated with a reduced risk of multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration could partly mediate the relationship between occupational stress and both multiple-site and overall WMSDs. Highlighting the importance of reducing occupational stress, maintaining good sleep quality and sufficient nighttime sleep duration for WMSDs prevention.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sleep quality and nighttime sleep duration mediated the association between occupational stress and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among bus drivers","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-10 15:53:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5408186/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-12-24T10:45:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-01T16:51:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-01T03:06:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"116141585615184510961961016665945788499","date":"2024-11-30T13:27:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"87970447540246864177825417163734767261","date":"2024-11-30T05:49:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"214156071178487457372009493812201610815","date":"2024-11-25T03:55:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-21T01:39:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-11T13:12:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-08T07:53:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-11-08T07:50:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2024-11-07T08:31:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4589d053-7f2c-4746-8276-cbdb6db31b5f","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-21T16:03:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5408186","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22236-y","journal":{"identity":"bmc-public-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Public Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-19 15:57:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 19th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-10 15:53:02","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22236-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22236-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5408186","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5408186","identity":"rs-5408186","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}