Determinants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

Determinants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Determinants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study Getachew Shiferaw, Adem Jambo, Abdurahman Kalu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: The annual global burden of stillbirths is approximately 2.6-3.3 million. The World Health Statistics 2013 report has shown that the Ethiopian stillbirth rate accounts for 26 per 1000 deliveries which is third highest in East African countries next to Djibouti and Somalia; and seventh among the ten countries that account for two-thirds of all third-trimester stillbirths in the world. Attempts to lower the stillbirth rate may be hampered by an incomplete understanding of the risk factors leading to the majority of stillbirths. So, this study intended to identify determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Asella Referral Teaching Hospital and it will contribute significantly for community being served at this Hospital and government. Methods: A prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted from February11-August 31,2022 G.C at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, where a total of 351 post-partum women with a ratio of 1:2 i.e., case (117) to control (234). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 window for analysis. Descriptive frequency and percent, binary and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis, presentation and to test the association between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance. Result: A total of 351 women were participated in this study with 100% response rate. The age of majority study participants [292(83.2%)] were in the category of 20-34 years. Women who had birth interval of less than 2 years [AOR=4.06,95%CI:1.23-13.37], APH[AOR= 13.09;95%CI:2.43-47.50],Preeclampsia[AOR=6.97; 95% CI:1.37-35.37], Rural Residence [AOR =13.00,95%CI:3.43-49.87], Referral from other facility[AOR=6.13,95%CI:2.32-16.22], ANC Contact at ≥28 weeks [AOR=12.51, 95% CI:2.19-41.40] ,Preterm birth [ AOR=14.62,95% CI:2.44-37.33] and Birth Weight less than 2500grams [AOR =10.63,95%CI:3.22-34.92] were identified independent risk factor of stillbirth. Conclusion: Being referral from other health facility, starting ANC follow-up late after 28 weeks, rural residence, Preeclampsia, Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery, low birthweight and birth interval less than two years were identified risk factors of stillbirth in this study. Obstetrics & Gynecology Stillbirth Determinant of Stillbirth unmatched case-control study Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital Background The World Health Organization (WHO) defines stillbirth as a baby born at 28 weeks of gestation or more, with a birth weight of ≥ 1000 g, or a body length of ≥ 35 cm and the baby does not breathe or show any sign of life after delivery, before onset of labor (antepartum death) or during labor (intra partum death)( 1 – 4 ). The vast majority (98%) of stillbirths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and more than half (55%) of these happen in rural sub-Saharan Africa( 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 ). Although some developed countries report a stillbirth rate (SBR) of 3 per 1000 births, a ten-fold increase is noted in some settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia with reported stillbirth rates of 30 per 1000 births and over( 2 , 5 ). Half million of global stillbirths occur at the time of labor and the majority of cases occurred in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, stillbirths account for more than 3% of all deliveries each year. The average stillbirth rate in developing countries has been reported to be 26 per 1000 births, which is five times higher than developed countries of 5 per 1000 births. Stillbirths occurred during perinatal period of which half of all stillbirths occurred in the intra partum period of labor and delivery( 7 – 9 ). Stillbirths were constituted the highest rates of all the adverse pregnancy outcomes and common in developing countries( 8 ). Stillbirth rate varies sharply by country, from the lowest rates of two per 1000 births in Finland and Singapore, to the highest 47 in Pakistan and 42 in Nigeria. Ethiopia is among countries that contributes about 1.8 million of world stillbirth. The stillbirth rate is an important indicator of quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth, as well as a sensitive marker of health-care system( 7 ). The annual global burden of stillbirths is approximately 2.6–3.3 million( 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 ). The World Health Statistics 2013 report has shown that Ethiopian stillbirth rate accounts 26 per 1000 deliveries which is third highest in East African countries next to Djibouti and Somalia( 7 ); and seventh among the ten countries that account for two-thirds of all third trimester stillbirths in the world( 7 , 9 ). The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey of 2016 also indicated that the national perinatal mortality rate is 33 per 1000 births and 30 per 1000 births in Oromia region, which is among the highest compared to other regions of the country( 7 ),for which stillbirth is the main contributor. There are various studies and recommendations by different centers on the bad image and feeling that stillbirth had on the families, the community, the caring obstetrician and institution is tremendous and the cost of managing this complication has huge burden on the country’s economy. But there is a gap in establishing the determinants, and factors associated with stillbirth in Ethiopia and particularly Oromia. Very little scientific studies have been undertaken to establish evidence on factors associated to the disproportionately higher magnitude of stillbirth occurring in Ethiopia, Oromia Region. So, the researcher tried to identify the determinant of stillbirth in one of referral Hospital located in Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods Study Area The study was conducted at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital (ARTH) which is a University Hospital under Arsi University which serves as both Referral Hospital as well as teaching Hospital for both undergraduate and postgraduate medical and other health science students.ARTH has a total of around 325 beds of which 64 beds are used by department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The services at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department are provided by Gynecologist and Obstetrician, Gynecology and Obstetrics Residents, Midwives and General Physician. The hospital provides 24 hours delivery and abortion service. It provides an average of 550(520–720) deliveries monthly and has 21–27% of cesarean delivery. Study Period and Design The study was conducted from February 11 to August 31, 2022 G.C and institutional based prospective unmatched case-control study design was used. Population All mothers who gave birth at ARTH during the study period were source population and All mothers who gave birth at ARTH during study period and on immediate post-partum were the study population. The Case s were all mothers who gave birth to stillborn at ≥ 28 weeks of pregnancy or Weight ≥ 1Kg or Length ≥ 35cm and on immediate post-partum and the Control s were all mothers who gave birth to liveborn at ≥ 28 weeks or Weight ≥ 1Kg or Length ≥ 35cm of pregnancy and immediate post-partum Inclusion Criteria All mothers who gave birth to stillborn at ARTH & on her immediate post-partum and whose Gestational age at the time of delivery was ≥ 28 weeks or Birth weight at the time of delivery was ≥ 1kg or Neonatal length at the time of delivery was ≥ 35cm were included in the cases. All mothers who gave birth to liveborn at ARTH & on her immediate post-partum and whose Gestational age at the time of delivery was ≥ 28 weeks or Birth weight at the time of delivery was ≥ 1kg or Neonatal length at the time of delivery was ≥ 35cm were included in the controls Exclusion Criteria All Mothers who gave birth at ARTH and severely ill & couldn’t give consent and Mothers who gave birth at ARTH and on 1st ,2nd and above post-partum day were excluded to decrease recall bias Sample Size Calculation A double population proportion formula was used to determine the sample size by using EPI Info version 7.2.5 by considering the following assumptions: Power 80%, 95% Confidence Level (CL), case to control ratio (1:2), exposure among controls to premature rupture of membrane is 12.2% and OR = 2.26( 28 ).Using Kelsey, a total of 351 study participants, with 117 cases and 234 controls, were included in the study. All the cases were taken consecutively until the required sample size was met. The number of controls was 2-times (control-to-case ratio 2) the number of cases. A simple random sampling method was applied to select the controls by using the sampling frame of the controls obtained during the occurrence of the event (cases) that had happened Sampling Procedure During the study period, all mothers who gave birth to stillborn (cases) that fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected until the required sample size was met. The controls had been selected by the simple random sampling from those present at the time of event. Study Variables Dependent Variable for the was stillbirth and Independent Variables includes Maternal Residence area, Age, Educational level, Marital status, Place and Booking Status of ANC, Birth interval, Parity, Preeclampsia, GDM,Maternal smoking status, alcohol consumption status, obesity, Chronic Hypertension, Pregestational Diabetes, Cardiac disease, renal disease,Fetal Sex, Weight, Types of pregnancy, Congenital anomaly Operational Definition Stillbirth -Birth of died bay that occurs before the birth of a baby weighing ≥ 1000 grams, or ≥ 28 completed weeks of gestation, or body length ≥ 35 cm( 20 ). Liveborn -Birth of alive baby weighing ≥ 1000 grams, or ≥ 28 completed weeks of gestation, or body length ≥ 35 cm Booked -pregnant woman who attended at least one antenatal clinic section during pregnancy by trained personnel( 11 ). Unbooked -Is a pregnant woman who has not attended any antenatal clinic session throughout the pregnancy with a skilled attendant (trained medical personnel) before presentation in labor( 11 ). IUGR -Birth weight below 10th percentile for gestational age( 14 ). Determinant of Stillbirth -These are variables influencing the stillbirth rate and variables associated with an increased risk of stillbirth are known as risk factors. Cord Accident -In this study comprise cord prolapse, cord knots, and tight coil of cord round the fetal neck( 29 ). Anemia -Hemoglobin ≤ 10 gm/dl and Severe Anemia is Hemoglobin ≤ 7gm/dl Data Collection Procedures and Study Materials All mothers who gave birth at ARTH and on immediate post-partum were requested to give consent after explained about the intention of the study. Those who agreed to participate in the study were classified to case and control based on the neonatal outcome whether stillborn or livebirth. For all women detailed history on; sociodemographic, obstetric and medical history were taken, chart reviewed, neonatal physical examination was done. Patient chart, structured questionnaire, weight scale and tape meter were used in data collection. Data Management Data collection tool adapted from previous similar questionnaire composed of questions on sociodemographic, obstetrics and fetal factors, and medical factors. The instrument developed in English and translated to two major local language Afan Oromo and Amharic. And then re-translated in to English. The questionnaire was pretested in 5% ( 18 ) of sample at Adama Medical College before the actual data collection to ensure its clarity and made necessary amendment. A total of four data collectors and two supervisors were recruited and trained for two days. Data collection was supervised by supervisors and principal investigator. The completed questionnaires checked and corrected on a daily basis by supervisors and principal investigator and all collected information double entered to computer by principal investigator and supervisors on due date. Data Processing and Analysis Data was entered into Epi data version 4.6. and exported to SPSS version 26 windows for analysis. Model fitness was checked by using the Hosmer and Lemshow test at a P value > 0.05. Multicollinearity test was carried out to see the correlations between risk factors of the outcome. Descriptive frequency, cross tabulation and logistic regression were used for data analysis and presentation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirth and to control for confounding. Variables with p < 0.25 in bivariate analysis was included in to multivariate logistic regression model. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals calculated and P-values less than or equal to 0.05 (P ≤ 0.05) were considered as statistically significance. Results Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants A total of 351 post-partum mothers (117 cases and 234 controls) participated in the study making the response rate 100%. The majority of participant mothers (83.2%) were with in age group of 20–34 years. The younger mother in the study participant was 17 years old and the older participant is 48 years old with mean age study population being 32.6 years old. The majority of the study population were married (98.3%) and were urban dwelling community (53.8%). About three fourths of the participants were Oromo (74.1%) and Muslim in religion (49.3%). Out of 351 participants, 90.3% (317) of women were literate, and the majority (92.3%) of the study participants were unemployed (Table 1 ). Referral from other facility to ARTH was significantly associated risk factor with stillbirth on bivariate analysis [COR = 8.7,95%CI:5.2–14.4, P value of 0.001] (Table 2 ). Others identified risk factors for stillbirth on bivariate analysis are place of residence with P value of 0.001 and COR = 4.5, illiteracy with p value of 0.006 and COR = 5.7, Primary level of education with p value of 0.019 and COR = 3.11 and Unemployment is also identified risk factor with bivariate analysis with being daily laborer [COR = 7.2, P = 0.057], Farmer [COR = 4.8, P = 0.075] and house wife [COR = 7.5, P = 0.007] (Table 2 Next page). Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants Variable Categories Cases N (%) Control N (%) Total N = 351(100%) Age group < 20 years 8(6.8) 17(7.3) 25 (7.1) 20–34 years 95(81.2) 197(84.2) 292(83.2) ≥ 35 years 14(12.0) 20(9.7) 34(9.7) Marital status Single 3(2.6) 3(1.3 6(1.7) Married 114(97.4) 231(98.7) 345(98.3) Level of education Primary school 50(42.7) 75(32.1) 125(35.6) Secondary school 41(35.0) 117(50.0) 158(45.0) University 6(5.1) 28(12.0) 34(9.7) Unable to Read and write &Others 20(17.1) 14(5.2) 34(9.7) Place of residence Rural community 82(70.1) 80(34.2) 162(46.2) Urban community 35(29.9) 154(65.8) 189(53.8) Religion Orthodox 47(40.2) 77(32.9) 124(35.3) Muslim 62(53.0) 111(47.4) 173(49.3) Protestant 8(6.8) 44(18.8) 52(14.8) Other 0 2(.9) 2(0.6) Ethnicity Oromo 99(84.6) 161(68.8) 260(74.1) Amhara 17(14.5) 60(25.6) 77(21.9) Other 1(0.9) 13(5.6) 14(4.0) Occupation Student 3(2.6) 24(10.3) 27(7.7) Gov’t Employee 2(1.7) 24(10.3) 26(7.4) Farmer 6(5.1) 15(2.1) 21(6.0) House Wife 99(84.6) 158(67.5) 257(73.2) Factory Worker and others 7(6.0) 13(5.5) 20(5.7) Table 2 Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Stillbirth(Bivariate Analysis) Variables Categories Case N (%) Control N(%) COR (95% CI) P-Value Admission status From home 36(30.8) 186(79.5) 1 Referred 81(69.2) 48(20.5) 8.7(5.2–14.4) 0.001 Age group < 20 years 8(6.8) 17(7.3) 1.02(.42-2.45) 0.956 20–34 years 95(81.2) 197(84.2) 1 ≥ 35 years 14 (12.0) 20 (9.7) 0.68 (.334 − 1.46) 0.314 Level of education Primary 50(42.7) 75(32.1) 3.11(1.20–8.05) 0.019 Secondary 41(35.0) 117(50.0) 1.63 (0.63–4.23) 0.310 University 6(5.1) 28(12.0) 1 Unable to read &Write 11(9.4) 9(3.8) 5.70(1.64–19.83) 0.006 Place of residence Rural 82 (70.1) 80(34.2) 4.5 (2.79–7.28) 0.001 Urban 35 (29.9) 154 (65.8) 1 Marital status Married 114(97.4) 231(98.7) 1 Single 3(2.6) 3(1.3) 2.02(.40-10.19) 0.392 Occupation Student 3(2.6) 24(10.3) 1.5(.23-9.79) 0.672 Gov’t Employee 2(1.7) 24(10.3) 1 Daily Laborer 3(2.6) 5(2.1) 7.2(0.94–54.93) 0.057 Farmer 6(5.1) 15(6.4) 4.8(0.85–26.90) 0.075 House Wife 99(84.6) 158(67.5) 7.5(1.73–32.50) 0.007 Obstetric and Fetal Factors Associated with Stillbirth Among the cases 14.5% has gross congenital anomalies,1.7% has uterine rupture, 9.4 has cord accidents and 1.7 has hydrops fetalis which is not identified in the control group (Table 3 ). Grand-multiparity [COR = 2.8; 95% CI :1.23–6.41, p = 0.014] and primiparity [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI:1.40–3.77, P = 0.001], having no ANC follow-up [AOR = 2.47;95% CI: 0.74–8.28, p = 0.141], having ANC follow-up at Health Center[COR = 4.97; 95% CI:2.48–9.91 p = 0.001) and ANC at Other gov’t Hospital[COR = 2.87;95% CI: 1.01–8.12,p = 0.047], having ANC contact at GA of greater than or equal to 28 weeks[COR = 10.04, 95% CI: 4.22–23.92, P = 0.001], having stillbirth history[COR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.01–9.69,P = 0.047], being male neonate [COR = 1.33,95% CI:0.858–2.08,P = 0.199], having birth weight of less than 2500 grams[COR = 13.6; 95% CI:7.65–24.31,P = 0.001) ] and birth weight greater than or equal to 4000 grams[COR = 2.98; 95% CI: 0.81-11.00, P = 0.100],preterm birth[COR = 23.14;95%CI:10.00–52.00,P = 0.001] and post term birth [COR = 23.14; 95% CI:10.00–52.00, P = 0.225], having birth interval less than two years [COR = 8.04; 95% CI:4.17–15.49, P = 0.001], having unplanned pregnancy [COR = 0.43;95% CI: 0.17–1.08, P = 0.07], antepartum hemorrhage(APH) [COR = 12.00; 95% CI:.5.19–28.70,P = 0.001], Preeclampsia[COR = 5.18;95%CI:2.36–11.37,P = 0.001], obstructed labor[COR = 5.17;95%CI: 0.98-27.00,P = 0.052], meconium stained amniotic fluid(MSAF) [COR = 5.17; 95% CI:0.98–27.10,P = 0.052],ANC contact less than four [COR = 3.71; 95% CI:2.24–6.14,P = 0.001] were significantly associated with stillbirth by bivariate analysis with 25% level of significance (Tables 3 and 4 ). Table 3 Obstetrics and Fetal Factors Associated with Stillbirth (Bivariate Analysis) Variable Categories Cases N (%) Controls N (%) COR (95% CI) P-Value Parity Grand multiparous (≥ 5) 13(11.0) 13(5.6) 2.8(1.23–6.41) 0.014 Multiparous ( 2 – 4 ) 59(50.4) 166(70.9)) 1 Primiparas ( 1 ) 45(38.5) 53 (22.6) 2.3(1.40–3.77) 0.001 Booking status Booked 111 (94.9) 229(97.9) 1 Unbooked 6 (5.1) 5(2.1) 2.47 (0.74–8.28) 0.141 Place of ANC Teaching Hospital 11(9.4) 75(32.1) 1 Other Hospital 8(6.8) 19(8.1) 2.87(1.01–8.12) 0.047 Health Center 81(69.2) 111(47.4) 4.97(2.48–9.91) 0.001 GA at first ANC Contact < 28 Weeks 86(73.5) 224(95.7) 1 ≥ 28 Weeks 27(23.1) 7(3.0) 10.04(4.22–23.92) 0.001 History of stillbirth Yes 7(6.0) 6(2.6) 3.14(1.01–9.69) 0.047 No 65(55.6) 175(74.8) 1 Sex of Neonate Male 60(51.3) 103(44.0) 1.33(0.858–2.08) 0.199 Female 57(48.7) 131(56.0) 1 Weight of Neonate < 2500 grams 67(57.3) 22(9.4) 13.6(7.65–24.31) 0.001 2500-3999.99 grams 46(39.3) 206(88.0) 1 ≥ 4000 grams 4(3.4) 6(2.4) 2.98(0.81-11.00) 0.100 Gestational Age Term 43(36.8) 199(85.0) 1 Preterm 40(34.2) 8(3.4) 23.14(10.00–52.00) 0.001 Post Term 2(1.7) 3(1.3) 3.08(0.50-19.02) 0.225 Chorioamnionitis Yes 2(1.7) 1(0.4) 4.05(0.36–45.15) 0.255 No 115(98.3) 233(99.6) 1 Oligohydramnios Yes 3(2.6) 5(2.1) 1.20(0.28–5.13) 0.801 No 114(97.4) 229(97.9) 1 Table 4 Obstetrics and fetal factors Associated with stillbirth (continued bivariate analysis) Variable Categories Cases N (%) Controls N (%) COR (95% CI) P-Value Birth Interval < 2 Years 38(32.5) 18 (7.7) 8.04(4.17–15.49) 0.001 ≥ 2 Years 42(35.9) 160(68.4) 1 Condition of This Pregnancy Planned 111(94.4) 208(88.9) 1 Unplanned 6(5.1) 26(11.1) 0.43(0.17–1.08) 0.073 Types of Pregnancy Singleton 113(96.6) 228(97.4) 1 Twins 4(3.4) 6(2.6) 1.34(0.37–4.86) 0.651 APH Yes 32(27.4) 7(3.0) 12.20(5.19–28.70) 0.001 No 85(72.6) 227(97.0) 1 Preeclampsia Yes 22(18.8) 10(4.3) 5.18(2.36–11.37) 0.001 No 95(81.2) 224(95.7) 1 Eclampsia Yes 2(1.7) 1(0.4) 4.05(0.36–45.15) 0.255 No 115(98.3) 233(99.6) 1 PROM Yes 2(1.7) 8(3.4) 0.49(0.10–2.35) .374 No 115(98.3) 226(96.6) 1 Obstructed Labor Yes 5(4.3) 2(0.9) 5.17(0.98-27.00) 0.052 No 112(95.7) 232(99.1) 1 IUGR Yes 5(4.3) 5(2.1) 2.04(0.58–7.20) 0.266 No 112(95.7) 229(97.9) 1 MSAF Yes 5(4.3) 2(0.9) 5.17(0.98–27.10) 0.052 No 112(95.7) 232(99.1) 1 Number of ANC 1-3X 85(72.6) 106(45.3) 3.71(2.24–6.14) 0.001 ≥ 4X 27(23.1) 125(53.4) 1 Factors Independently Associated with Stillbirth (Multivariate Analysis) After adjusting for confounding factor, multivariate analysis shows that Rural residence [AOR = 13.09; 95% CI:3.43–49.87, P = 0.001], Being housewife[AOR = 14.79; 95% CI:1.14–50.57, P = 0.041] and factory worker [AOR = 6.53; 95% CI: 1.17–36.47, P = 0.041], Referral from other health facility[AOR = 6.13;95% CI:2.32–16.22, P = 0.001], having ANC contact at GA of greater than or equal to 28 weeks[AOR = 12.51;95% CI:2.19–41.40, P = 0.004],birth interval less than two years[AOR = 4.06; 95% CI:1.23–13.37,P = 0.021], having birth weight of less than 2500 grams[AOR = 10.63; 95% CI:3.23–34.92,P = 0.001],preterm birth [AOR = 14.62;95% CI:2.44–87.33 P = 0.003], antepartum hemorrhage (APH)[AOR = 13.09; 95% CI:2.43–47.50,P = 0.003],and Preeclampsia [AOR = 6.97;95%CI:1.37–35.37, P = 0.019] were significantly associated with stillbirth at 5% level of significance (Tables 5 and 6 ). Table 5 Factors Independently Associated with Stillbirth (Multivariate Analysis) Variable Categories Case N (%) Control N (%) AOR 95% CI P-Value Birth Interval < 2 Years 38(32.5) 18(17.7) 4.06 1.23–13.37 0.021 ≥ 2 Years 42(35.9) 160(68.4) 1 Condition of This Pregnancy Planned 111(94.4) 208(88.9) 1 Unplanned 6(5.1) 26(11.1) 0.31 0.04–2.36 0.259 Types of Pregnancy Singleton 113(96.6) 228(97.4) 1 Twins 4(3.4) 6(2.4) 1.13 0.05–25.53 0.935 APH Yes 32(27.4) 7(3.0) 3.09 2.43–7.50 0.003 No 85(72.4) 227(97.0) 1 Preeclampsia Yes 22(18.8) 10(4.3) 6.97 1.37–35.37 0.019 No 95(81.2) 224(95.7) 1 Residence of Participants Rural 82(70.1) 80(34.2) 3.5 3.43–9.87 0.001 Urban 35(29.9) 154(65.8) 1 Maternal Admission Status Referred 81(69.2) 48(20.5) 6.13 2.32–16.22 0.001 From Home 36(30.8) 186(79.5) 1 Obstructed Labor Yes 5(4.3) 2(0.9) 2.5 0.53–4.44 0.101 No 112(95.7 232(99.1) 1 ANC Booking Status Booked 111(94.9) 229(97.9) 1 Unbooked 6(5.1) 5(2.1) 0.24 0.001–52.05 0.603 GA at first ANC Contact < 28 Weeks 86(73.5) 224(95.7) 1 ≥ 28 Weeks 27(23.1) 7(3.0) 12.51 2.19–41.40 0.004 Number of ANC 1-3X 85(72.6) 106(45.3) 1.85 0.65–5.29 0.248 ≥ 4X 27(23.1) 125(53.4) 1 History of stillbirth Yes 7(6.0) 6(2.6) 4.31 0.70-26.35 0.113 No 65(55.6) 175(74.8) 1 Sex of Neonate Male 60(51.3) 103(44.0) 1.92 0.79–4.67 0.146 Female 57(48.7) 131(56.0) 1 Weight of Neonate < 2500 grams 67(57.3) 22(9.4) 10.63 3.23–34.92 0.001 2500-3999.99 grams 46(39.3) 206(88.0) 1 ≥ 4000 grams 4(3.4) 6(2.4) 2.89 0.22-38.00 0.419 Gestational Age Term 43(36.8) 199(85.0) 1 Preterm 40(34.2) 8(3.4) 4.62 2.44–37.33 0.003 Post Term 2(1.7) 3(1.3) 2.57 0.15–44.15 0.514 Table 6 Factors Independently Associated with Stillbirth(Multivariate Analysis) Variable Categories Case N (%) Control N (%) AOR 95% CI P-Value Anemia Yes 4(3.4) 3(1.3) 1.05 0.01–29.79 0.980 No 113(96.6) 231(98.7) 1 Meconium-stained Amniotic Fluid Yes 5(4.3) 2(0.9) 2.7 0.02–39.12 0.355 No 112(95.7) 232(99.1) 1 Parity status 1 45(38.5) 53(22.6) 0.25 0.01–14.03 0.503 2–4 59(50.4) 166(70.9) 1 ≥ 5 13(11.0) 13(5.0) 2.57 0.15–44.15 0.514 Occupation Gov’t Employee 2(1.7) 24(10.3) 1 Daily laborer 3(2.6) 5(2.1) 10.10 0.15–67.56 0.281 Farmer 6(5.1) 15(6.4) 5.06 0.16–15.16 0.350 House wife 99(84.6) 158(67.5) 4.09 1.14–50.57 0.04 Factory Worker 7(6.0) 13(5.5) 6.53 1.17–36.47 0.041 Educational Status Primary 50(42.7) 75(32.1) 0.18 0.01–2.28 0.186 Secondary 41(35.0) 117(50.0) 0.04 0.00-0.66 0.023 University 6(5.1) 28(12.0) 1 Unable to read and write 11(9.4) 9(3.8) 0.18 0.01–4.54 0.300 Place of ANC Teaching Hospital 11(9.4) 75(32.1) 1 Other Gov’t Hospital 8(6.8) 19(8.1) 0.68 0.10–5.12 0.764 Health Center 81(69.2) 111(47.4) 1.32 0.18–4.28 0.889 Discussion The death of the fetus in the last trimester of pregnancy is a source of grief and pain for the families and the communities. To prevent stillbirth, appropriate interventions and strategies are needed. However, to implement the interventions and strategies, identifying the determinant of stillbirth at our center is of paramount importance. By the same token, this study was conducted to identify the determinant of stillbirth. In this study, mother who referred from another facility had increased the odds of stillbirth 6.13 times than those who came from home. The findings of this study were consistent with results of a similar study done in Ethiopia, Bahirdar, Nigeria, Ghana,( 16 , 20 , 29 – 32 ). This could be due to the reason that most of the referred cases came from rural peripheral health facilities and might be after having serious complications. The distance to reach the hospitals to which they were referred contributes to delay in receiving care, which increases the chance that the fetus, even if alive at referral from a lower-level facility, will be dead by the time a woman reaches the referral facility. Mother from rural area has increased odds of stillbirth about thirteen times than their urban counterparts. This finding was consistent with previous finding form Nigeria, Ethiopia ( 33 , 34 ). This may be due traditional practices, lack of knowledge, and/or a reluctance to engage in antenatal services which affect maternal and neonatal health in rural area. To further understand, it would be useful to compare the support and education provided to mothers in urban areas and what interventions have been successful as well as understanding whether it is an inequality in healthcare access or education, which renders these mothers at greater risk. A measure on community stillbirths is also essential to fully understand and obtain realistic rates. Therefore, assessment of community birth and stillbirth is warranted in future work. This study also showed that mothers who had secondary education had decrease of stillbirth odds by 96% compared with those who attended the university. This study is congruent with study done at Uganda, Nigeria and India ( 35 – 37 ). Female education indeed had a positive impact on maternal health care utilization and that women who attended secondary education understands the benefit of early ANC contact and the pregnancy complications are detected earlier. Those who started ANC follow-up after 28 weeks had increased the odds of stillbirth which is 12.51 times that of those who started earlier than 28 weeks. This finding is congruent with previous study done at Cameroon( 20 , 31 ). This could be due to that complications like preeclampsia can be identified early with early booking. Also, women who begin ANC early may have a higher tendency to attend more antenatal care visits. This will result overall in better care and will significantly reduce the odds of stillbirths. APH increase the odds of stillbirth thirteen times than those who had no APH. This finding was congruent with the studies conducted in Northern Ethiopia, East Africa and India ( 4 , 29 , 38 ). The possible explanation might be that even severe forms of APH usually may not manifest any form of apparent external bleeding but stayed as concealed hemorrhage. Then those forms of APH, where the babies can survive may not readily detect, or because of late presentation to hospitals, the APH progress to more severe forms before they are seen in health facilities. This may reduce the chance of salvaging babies from life threatening rapidly developing anemia leads to decrease in fetal oxygenation and asphyxia which results in intrauterine fetal death. This study identified the odds of stillbirth were around seven times higher among women with preeclampsia than those who had no preeclampsia. The association between preeclampsia and stillbirth is physiologically plausible and had been well described in literatures ( 4 , 20 , 29 ). It usually leads to uteroplacental insufficiency due to impaired remodeling of the spiral artery could lead to chronic fetal insult, intrauterine growth restriction and consequently intrauterine fetal death. The odds of stillbirth were over nine times higher for low-birth-weight babies than babies with normal weight. This finding was in line with the studies that was done in northern and southeast Ethiopia ( 29 , 39 ). This may be because low birth weight may result from both fetal growth restriction and preterm birth which may not be well adapted for the transition to extra-uterine life. Preterm babies were about fourteen times more likely to be stillborn than term babies. This is consistent with other similar studies ( 20 , 29 , 40 ). This may be due to that neonate born preterm are premature and may not be well adapted to withstand labor and transition to extra-uterine life compared to neonate born at term. Mothers who had birth interval less than 2 years from previous delivery has increased odds of stillbirth about four times than those whose birth interval is greater than 2 years. This finding is consistent with the study done at southeast Ethiopia, Bale Zone and Ethiopian spatial and multilevel Analysis (31,38,41). This could be because with short birth interval the mother’s body cannot regain the important ingredients and result in inadequate replacement of maternal nutrient stores deplete in the previous pregnancy and lead to reduced fetal growth. This could predispose the fetus to prematurity and its complication which cause stillbirth. Similarly, a review of cause and risk factors of stillbirth in developing countries suggests that short interpregnancy interval is a common threat factor for stillbirth in developing countries. Being housewife by occupation has increased the odds of stillbirth than that of government employee. This finding is in line with previous study done at Cameroon which showed that employment decreased the odds of stillbirth. This could be due to that the housewife lacks monthly income which is necessary for ANC visit transport and rapid health facility visit even after having pregnancy related problems which increases the odds of stillbirth. In this study, after adjusting for confounding factor PROM, MSAF, Grandmultiparity, previous history of stillbirth, anemia, and age ≥ 35 years is not significantly associated with stillbirth. Limitation of the Study The limitations of this study were: It was facility based and can’t be generalized to the community, due to the nature of case-control study it is difficult to avoid selection bias and the study identified only the risk factors, but the cause of the stillbirth was not biopsy proven Conclusion Being referred from other health facility, starting ANC follow-up late after 28 weeks, rural residence, Preeclampsia, Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery, low birthweight and birth interval less than two years were identified determinant of stillbirth in this study, during the study period at ARTH Recommendations This hospital (ARTH) should assess the catchment Hospital and Health Centre referral system, weather they are referring patients on time Care provided for mothers diagnosed with APH, Preeclampsia, Preterm delivery,Low birthweight and birth interval less than 2years needs enhancement and attention of care providers at this Hospital Abbreviations AOR-Adjusted Odd Ratio ARTH-Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital AUCHS-Arsi University College of Health Science BMI-Body Mass Index cm- Centimeter COR-Crude Odd Ratio ETB-Ethiopian Birr GA-Gestational Age GC-Gregorian Calendar GDM-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Gov’t-Government HO-Health Officer HIC-High Income Country HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus IRB-Institutional Review Board IUFD-Intrauterine Fetal Death IUGR-Intrauterine Growth Restriction Kg- Kilogram Kms-Kilometers No.-Number OPD-Out Patient Department PROM-Premature Rupture of Membrane SBR-Stillbirth Rate SPSS-Statistical Package for Social Science WHO-World Health Organization Declarations Ethical Approval and Consent to Participate Ethical clearance was obtained from the Arsi University Institutional Review Board in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki and Permission Letter was received from Hospital management board. The objective of the study explained and consent was taken from those who agree to participate in the study. Participants were explained as they will be contributing directly to the development of interventions to decrease stillbirth rate, it is voluntary participation and has the right to refuse not to participate in this research and full right to withdraw from this study at any time they wish during the interview, discussion, or observation. Each participant was explained that information was kept confidential and Participants’ card number only used for identification purpose. Code used to ensure confidentiality that only entail, indicative of the research activity, the location, date and time of the activity. This interviewee code was used in the reports and field notes for anonymous identification. Availability of Data and Materials The data generated and analyzed during this study haven’t been distributed to other party because the article written using this dataset hasn’t been published. But dataset are available from corresponding author on reasonable request. Consent for Publications Not Applicable Competing Interests We (the authors) declare that we hadn’t any competing interests in this study. Funding The authors have no funding to report. Authors Contributions Conceptualization of the study was done by G.S with the assistance of A.J and A.K. A.J and A.K took part by supervising during the study period. G.S carried out the investigation and analysis part with the assistance of A.K. G.S prepared the original draft of manuscript. All the authors contributed in reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed on the final manuscript. 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BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. ;21(1) Degno S, Lencha B, Aman R, Atlaw D, Mekonnen A, Woldeyohannes D et al (2021) Adverse birth outcomes and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Bale zone hospitals, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia. J Int Med Res. ;49(5) Abebe H, Shitu S, Workye H, Mose A (2021) Predictors of stillbirth among women who had given birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A case-control study, vol 16. PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science Tesema GA, Gezie LD, Nigatu SG (2020) Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis. BMJ Open. ;10(10) Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5736087","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":395851767,"identity":"9be11010-371e-4685-aea9-ea12e6b7b4a0","order_by":0,"name":"Getachew Shiferaw","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2252-6196","institution":"Salale University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Getachew","middleName":"","lastName":"Shiferaw","suffix":""},{"id":395851768,"identity":"ba86fadf-2e30-476f-a628-a59fe92eaa08","order_by":1,"name":"Adem Jambo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arsi University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adem","middleName":"","lastName":"Jambo","suffix":""},{"id":395851769,"identity":"4fa9a2b6-ac37-4a77-91af-6d414e7a0072","order_by":2,"name":"Abdurahman Kalu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Arsi UNiversity","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdurahman","middleName":"","lastName":"Kalu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-30 14:07:52","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":72686832,"identity":"b9b3b66c-c023-47a8-8312-16258d7d4f59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-31 08:33:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2659341,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5736087/v1/bf2e1e4c-0402-4abb-b012-706a15be95e7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDeterminants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe World Health Organization (WHO) defines stillbirth as a baby born at 28 weeks of gestation or more, with a birth weight of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1000 g, or a body length of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 cm and the baby does not breathe or show any sign of life after delivery, before onset of labor (antepartum death) or during labor (intra partum death)(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The vast majority (98%) of stillbirths occur in low- and middle-income countries, and more than half (55%) of these happen in rural sub-Saharan Africa(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). Although some developed countries report a stillbirth rate (SBR) of 3 per 1000 births, a ten-fold increase is noted in some settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia with reported stillbirth rates of 30 per 1000 births and over(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHalf million of global stillbirths occur at the time of labor and the majority of cases occurred in developing countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, stillbirths account for more than 3% of all deliveries each year. The average stillbirth rate in developing countries has been reported to be 26 per 1000 births, which is five times higher than developed countries of 5 per 1000 births. Stillbirths occurred during perinatal period of which half of all stillbirths occurred in the intra partum period of labor and delivery(\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Stillbirths were constituted the highest rates of all the adverse pregnancy outcomes and common in developing countries(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStillbirth rate varies sharply by country, from the lowest rates of two per 1000 births in Finland and Singapore, to the highest 47 in Pakistan and 42 in Nigeria. Ethiopia is among countries that contributes about 1.8\u0026nbsp;million of world stillbirth. The stillbirth rate is an important indicator of quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth, as well as a sensitive marker of health-care system(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe annual global burden of stillbirths is approximately 2.6\u0026ndash;3.3\u0026nbsp;million(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). The World Health Statistics 2013 report has shown that Ethiopian stillbirth rate accounts 26 per 1000 deliveries which is third highest in East African countries next to Djibouti and Somalia(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e); and seventh among the ten countries that account for two-thirds of all third trimester stillbirths in the world(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey of 2016 also indicated that the national perinatal mortality rate is 33 per 1000 births and 30 per 1000 births in Oromia region, which is among the highest compared to other regions of the country(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e),for which stillbirth is the main contributor.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are various studies and recommendations by different centers on the bad image and feeling that stillbirth had on the families, the community, the caring obstetrician and institution is tremendous and the cost of managing this complication has huge burden on the country\u0026rsquo;s economy. But there is a gap in establishing the determinants, and factors associated with stillbirth in Ethiopia and particularly Oromia. Very little scientific studies have been undertaken to establish evidence on factors associated to the disproportionately higher magnitude of stillbirth occurring in Ethiopia, Oromia Region. So, the researcher tried to identify the determinant of stillbirth in one of referral Hospital located in Oromia, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Area\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital (ARTH) which is a University Hospital under Arsi University which serves as both Referral Hospital as well as teaching Hospital for both undergraduate and postgraduate medical and other health science students.ARTH has a total of around 325 beds of which 64 beds are used by department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The services at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department are provided by Gynecologist and Obstetrician, Gynecology and Obstetrics Residents, Midwives and General Physician. The hospital provides 24 hours delivery and abortion service. It provides an average of 550(520\u0026ndash;720) deliveries monthly and has 21\u0026ndash;27% of cesarean delivery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Period and Design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted from February 11 to August 31, 2022 G.C and institutional based prospective unmatched case-control study design was used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePopulation\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll mothers who gave birth at ARTH during the study period were source population and All mothers who gave birth at ARTH during study period and on immediate post-partum were the study population. The \u003cb\u003eCase\u003c/b\u003es were all mothers who gave birth to stillborn at \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 weeks of pregnancy or Weight\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1Kg or Length\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35cm and on immediate post-partum and the \u003cb\u003eControl\u003c/b\u003es were all mothers who gave birth to liveborn at \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 weeks or Weight\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1Kg or Length\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35cm of pregnancy and immediate post-partum\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll mothers who gave birth to stillborn at ARTH \u0026amp; on her immediate post-partum and whose Gestational age at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 weeks or Birth weight at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1kg or Neonatal length at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35cm were included in the cases. All mothers who gave birth to liveborn at ARTH \u0026amp; on her immediate post-partum and whose Gestational age at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 weeks or Birth weight at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1kg or Neonatal length at the time of delivery was \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35cm were included in the controls\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll Mothers who gave birth at ARTH and severely ill \u0026amp; couldn\u0026rsquo;t give consent and Mothers who gave birth at ARTH and on 1st ,2nd and above post-partum day were excluded to decrease recall bias\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample Size Calculation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA double population proportion formula was used to determine the sample size by using EPI Info version 7.2.5 by considering the following assumptions: Power 80%, 95% Confidence Level (CL), case to control ratio (1:2), exposure among controls to premature rupture of membrane is 12.2% and OR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.26(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e).Using Kelsey, a total of 351 study participants, with 117 cases and 234 controls, were included in the study. All the cases were taken consecutively until the required sample size was met. The number of controls was 2-times (control-to-case ratio 2) the number of cases. A simple random sampling method was applied to select the controls by using the sampling frame of the controls obtained during the occurrence of the event (cases) that had happened\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSampling Procedure\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuring the study period, all mothers who gave birth to stillborn (cases) that fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected until the required sample size was met. The controls had been selected by the simple random sampling from those present at the time of event.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Variables\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDependent Variable for the was stillbirth and Independent Variables includes Maternal Residence area, Age, Educational level, Marital status, Place and Booking Status of ANC, Birth interval, Parity, Preeclampsia, GDM,Maternal smoking status, alcohol consumption status, obesity, Chronic Hypertension, Pregestational Diabetes, Cardiac disease, renal disease,Fetal Sex, Weight, Types of pregnancy, Congenital anomaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOperational Definition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStillbirth\u003c/b\u003e-Birth of died bay that occurs before the birth of a baby weighing\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1000 grams, or \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 completed weeks of gestation, or body length\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 cm(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eLiveborn\u003c/b\u003e-Birth of alive baby weighing\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;1000 grams, or \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 completed weeks of gestation, or body length\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 cm\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eBooked\u003c/b\u003e-pregnant woman who attended at least one antenatal clinic section during pregnancy by trained personnel(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eUnbooked\u003c/b\u003e-Is a pregnant woman who has not attended any antenatal clinic session throughout the pregnancy with a skilled attendant (trained medical personnel) before\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epresentation in labor(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eIUGR\u003c/b\u003e-Birth weight below 10th percentile for gestational age(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eDeterminant of Stillbirth\u003c/b\u003e-These are variables influencing the stillbirth rate and variables associated with an increased risk of stillbirth are known as risk factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCord Accident\u003c/b\u003e-In this study comprise cord prolapse, cord knots, and tight coil of cord round the fetal neck(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAnemia\u003c/b\u003e-Hemoglobin\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;10 gm/dl and Severe Anemia is Hemoglobin\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;7gm/dl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection Procedures and Study Materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e All mothers who gave birth at ARTH and on immediate post-partum were requested to give consent after explained about the intention of the study. Those who agreed to participate in the study were classified to case and control based on the neonatal outcome whether stillborn or livebirth. For all women detailed history on; sociodemographic, obstetric and medical history were taken, chart reviewed, neonatal physical examination was done. Patient chart, structured questionnaire, weight scale and tape meter were used in data collection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Management\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData collection tool adapted from previous similar questionnaire composed of questions on sociodemographic, obstetrics and fetal factors, and medical factors. The instrument developed in English and translated to two major local language Afan Oromo and Amharic. And then re-translated in to English. The questionnaire was pretested in 5% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e) of sample at Adama Medical College before the actual data collection to ensure its clarity and made necessary amendment. A total of four data collectors and two supervisors were recruited and trained for two days. Data collection was supervised by supervisors and principal investigator. The completed questionnaires checked and corrected on a daily basis by supervisors and principal investigator and all collected information double entered to computer by principal investigator and supervisors on due date.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Processing and Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData was entered into Epi data version 4.6. and exported to SPSS version 26 windows for analysis. Model fitness was checked by using the Hosmer and Lemshow test at a P value\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. Multicollinearity test was carried out to see the correlations between risk factors of the outcome. Descriptive frequency, cross tabulation and logistic regression were used for data analysis and presentation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for stillbirth and to control for confounding. Variables with p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.25 in bivariate analysis was included in to multivariate logistic regression model. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals calculated and P-values less than or equal to 0.05 (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;0.05) were considered as statistically significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSocio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 351 post-partum mothers (117 cases and 234 controls) participated in the study making the response rate 100%. The majority of participant mothers (83.2%) were with in age group of 20\u0026ndash;34 years. The younger mother in the study participant was 17 years old and the older participant is 48 years old with mean age study population being 32.6 years old. The majority of the study population were married (98.3%) and were urban dwelling community (53.8%). About three fourths of the participants were Oromo (74.1%) and Muslim in religion (49.3%). Out of 351 participants, 90.3% (317) of women were literate, and the majority (92.3%) of the study participants were unemployed (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Referral from other facility to ARTH was significantly associated risk factor with stillbirth on bivariate analysis [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.7,95%CI:5.2\u0026ndash;14.4, P value of 0.001] (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Others identified risk factors for stillbirth on bivariate analysis are place of residence with P value of 0.001 and COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.5, illiteracy with p value of 0.006 and COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.7, Primary level of education with p value of 0.019 and COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.11 and Unemployment is also identified risk factor with bivariate analysis with being daily laborer [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.2, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.057], Farmer [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.8, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.075] and house wife [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.5, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007] (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e Next page).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariable\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategories\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCases N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eControl N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTotal N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;351(100%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAge group\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20 years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8(6.8)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e17(7.3)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e25 (7.1)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e20\u0026ndash;34 years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e95(81.2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e197(84.2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e292(83.2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14(12.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20(9.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34(9.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(1.3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e114(97.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e231(98.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e345(98.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLevel of education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary school\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50(42.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e75(32.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e125(35.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecondary school\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41(35.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e117(50.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e158(45.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28(12.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34(9.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnable to Read and write \u0026amp;Others\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20(17.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14(5.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e34(9.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of residence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRural community\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e82(70.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e80(34.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e162(46.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUrban community\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35(29.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e154(65.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e189(53.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrthodox\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e47(40.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e77(32.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e124(35.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuslim\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e62(53.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(47.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e173(49.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtestant\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(6.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e44(18.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e52(14.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(0.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEthnicity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOromo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e99(84.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e161(68.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e260(74.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmhara\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17(14.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60(25.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e77(21.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1(0.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13(5.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14(4.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24(10.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27(7.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGov\u0026rsquo;t Employee\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24(10.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26(7.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarmer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21(6.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse Wife\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e99(84.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e158(67.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e257(73.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFactory Worker and others\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(6.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13(5.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20(5.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic Factors Associated with Stillbirth(Bivariate Analysis)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariables\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategories\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCase N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eControl N(%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCOR (95% CI)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdmission status\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFrom home\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e36(30.8)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e186(79.5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReferred\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e81(69.2)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e48(20.5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8.7(5.2\u0026ndash;14.4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge group\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20 years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(6.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17(7.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.02(.42-2.45)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.956\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20\u0026ndash;34 years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e95(81.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e197(84.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 (12.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20 (9.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.68 (.334\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1.46)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.314\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLevel of education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50(42.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e75(32.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.11(1.20\u0026ndash;8.05)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.019\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecondary\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41(35.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e117(50.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.63 (0.63\u0026ndash;4.23)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.310\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28(12.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnable to read \u0026amp;Write\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9(3.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.70(1.64\u0026ndash;19.83)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.006\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of residence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRural\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e82 (70.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e80(34.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.5 (2.79\u0026ndash;7.28)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUrban\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35 (29.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e154 (65.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e114(97.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e231(98.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.02(.40-10.19)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.392\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24(10.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.5(.23-9.79)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.672\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGov\u0026rsquo;t Employee\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24(10.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDaily Laborer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.2(0.94\u0026ndash;54.93)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.057\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarmer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15(6.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.8(0.85\u0026ndash;26.90)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.075\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse Wife\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e99(84.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e158(67.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7.5(1.73\u0026ndash;32.50)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.007\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eObstetric and Fetal Factors Associated with Stillbirth\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the cases 14.5% has gross congenital anomalies,1.7% has uterine rupture, 9.4 has cord accidents and 1.7 has hydrops fetalis which is not identified in the control group (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Grand-multiparity [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.8; 95% CI :1.23\u0026ndash;6.41, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.014] and primiparity [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.3; 95% CI:1.40\u0026ndash;3.77, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], having no ANC follow-up [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.47;95% CI: 0.74\u0026ndash;8.28, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.141], having ANC follow-up at Health Center[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.97; 95% CI:2.48\u0026ndash;9.91 p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) and ANC at Other gov\u0026rsquo;t Hospital[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.87;95% CI: 1.01\u0026ndash;8.12,p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047], having ANC contact at GA of greater than or equal to 28 weeks[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.04, 95% CI: 4.22\u0026ndash;23.92, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], having stillbirth history[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.14, 95% CI: 1.01\u0026ndash;9.69,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.047], being male neonate [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.33,95% CI:0.858\u0026ndash;2.08,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.199], having birth weight of less than 2500 grams[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.6; 95% CI:7.65\u0026ndash;24.31,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001) ] and birth weight greater than or equal to 4000 grams[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.98; 95% CI: 0.81-11.00, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.100],preterm birth[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23.14;95%CI:10.00\u0026ndash;52.00,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001] and post term birth [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23.14; 95% CI:10.00\u0026ndash;52.00, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.225], having birth interval less than two years [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.04; 95% CI:4.17\u0026ndash;15.49, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], having unplanned pregnancy [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.43;95% CI: 0.17\u0026ndash;1.08, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.07], antepartum hemorrhage(APH) [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.00; 95% CI:.5.19\u0026ndash;28.70,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], Preeclampsia[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.18;95%CI:2.36\u0026ndash;11.37,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], obstructed labor[COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.17;95%CI: 0.98-27.00,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.052], meconium stained amniotic fluid(MSAF) [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.17; 95% CI:0.98\u0026ndash;27.10,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.052],ANC contact less than four [COR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.71; 95% CI:2.24\u0026ndash;6.14,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001] were significantly associated with stillbirth by bivariate analysis with 25% level of significance (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObstetrics and Fetal Factors Associated with Stillbirth (Bivariate Analysis)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariable\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategories\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCases N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eControls N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCOR (95% CI)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eParity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrand multiparous (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e13(11.0)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e13(5.6)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e2.8(1.23\u0026ndash;6.41)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.014\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMultiparous\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e59(50.4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e166(70.9))\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimiparas\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e45(38.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53 (22.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.3(1.40\u0026ndash;3.77)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBooking status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBooked\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111 (94.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229(97.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnbooked\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 (5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.47 (0.74\u0026ndash;8.28)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.141\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of ANC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTeaching Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e75(32.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(6.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19(8.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.87(1.01\u0026ndash;8.12)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.047\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHealth Center\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e81(69.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(47.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.97(2.48\u0026ndash;9.91)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGA at first ANC Contact\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;28 Weeks\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e86(73.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e224(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 Weeks\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27(23.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(3.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.04(4.22\u0026ndash;23.92)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistory of stillbirth\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(6.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.14(1.01\u0026ndash;9.69)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.047\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e65(55.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e175(74.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex of Neonate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60(51.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e103(44.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.33(0.858\u0026ndash;2.08)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.199\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e57(48.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e131(56.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight of Neonate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2500 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e67(57.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13.6(7.65\u0026ndash;24.31)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2500-3999.99 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e46(39.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e206(88.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4000 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.98(0.81-11.00)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.100\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestational Age\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTerm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e43(36.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e199(85.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreterm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e40(34.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23.14(10.00\u0026ndash;52.00)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost Term\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.08(0.50-19.02)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.225\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChorioamnionitis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1(0.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.05(0.36\u0026ndash;45.15)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.255\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e115(98.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e233(99.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOligohydramnios\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.20(0.28\u0026ndash;5.13)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.801\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e114(97.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229(97.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObstetrics and fetal factors Associated with stillbirth (continued bivariate analysis)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariable\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCategories\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCases N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eControls N (%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCOR (95% CI)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-Value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBirth Interval\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 Years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e38(32.5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e18 (7.7)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e8.04(4.17\u0026ndash;15.49)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2 Years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e42(35.9)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e160(68.4)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCondition of This Pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlanned\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(94.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e208(88.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnplanned\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26(11.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.43(0.17\u0026ndash;1.08)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.073\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTypes of Pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingleton\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e113(96.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e228(97.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTwins\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.34(0.37\u0026ndash;4.86)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.651\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPH\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32(27.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(3.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.20(5.19\u0026ndash;28.70)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e85(72.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e227(97.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreeclampsia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22(18.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.18(2.36\u0026ndash;11.37)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e95(81.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e224(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEclampsia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1(0.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.05(0.36\u0026ndash;45.15)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.255\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e115(98.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e233(99.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePROM\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.49(0.10\u0026ndash;2.35)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e.374\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e115(98.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e226(96.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObstructed Labor\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.17(0.98-27.00)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.052\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e232(99.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIUGR\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.04(0.58\u0026ndash;7.20)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.266\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229(97.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMSAF\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.17(0.98\u0026ndash;27.10)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.052\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e232(99.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of ANC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1-3X\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e85(72.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e106(45.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.71(2.24\u0026ndash;6.14)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4X\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27(23.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e125(53.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFactors Independently Associated with Stillbirth (Multivariate Analysis)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter adjusting for confounding factor, multivariate analysis shows that Rural residence [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.09; 95% CI:3.43\u0026ndash;49.87, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], Being housewife[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.79; 95% CI:1.14\u0026ndash;50.57, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.041] and factory worker [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.53; 95% CI: 1.17\u0026ndash;36.47, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.041], Referral from other health facility[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.13;95% CI:2.32\u0026ndash;16.22, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001], having ANC contact at GA of greater than or equal to 28 weeks[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12.51;95% CI:2.19\u0026ndash;41.40, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004],birth interval less than two years[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.06; 95% CI:1.23\u0026ndash;13.37,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021], having birth weight of less than 2500 grams[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10.63; 95% CI:3.23\u0026ndash;34.92,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001],preterm birth [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14.62;95% CI:2.44\u0026ndash;87.33 P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003], antepartum hemorrhage (APH)[AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;13.09; 95% CI:2.43\u0026ndash;47.50,P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.003],and Preeclampsia [AOR\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6.97;95%CI:1.37\u0026ndash;35.37, P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.019] were significantly associated with stillbirth at 5% level of significance (Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Independently Associated with Stillbirth (Multivariate Analysis)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase N (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl N (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBirth Interval\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2 Years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38(32.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(17.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u0026ndash;13.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2 Years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(35.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160(68.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCondition of This Pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlanned\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(94.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e208(88.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnplanned\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26(11.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.31\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u0026ndash;2.36\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.259\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTypes of Pregnancy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingleton\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e113(96.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e228(97.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTwins\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.13\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.05\u0026ndash;25.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.935\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAPH\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e32(27.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(3.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.09\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.43\u0026ndash;7.50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e85(72.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e227(97.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreeclampsia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22(18.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.97\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.37\u0026ndash;35.37\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.019\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e95(81.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e224(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResidence of Participants\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRural\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e82(70.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e80(34.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.43\u0026ndash;9.87\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUrban\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e35(29.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e154(65.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaternal Admission Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReferred\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e81(69.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e48(20.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.13\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.32\u0026ndash;16.22\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Home\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e36(30.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e186(79.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObstructed Labor\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.53\u0026ndash;4.44\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.101\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112(95.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e232(99.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eANC Booking Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBooked\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(94.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e229(97.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnbooked\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.24\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u0026ndash;52.05\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.603\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGA at first ANC Contact\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;28 Weeks\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e86(73.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e224(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;28 Weeks\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27(23.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(3.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.51\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.19\u0026ndash;41.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.004\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNumber of ANC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1-3X\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e85(72.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e106(45.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.85\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.65\u0026ndash;5.29\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.248\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4X\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27(23.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e125(53.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHistory of stillbirth\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(6.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.31\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.70-26.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.113\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e65(55.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e175(74.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex of Neonate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e60(51.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e103(44.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.92\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.79\u0026ndash;4.67\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.146\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e57(48.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e131(56.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeight of Neonate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2500 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e67(57.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.63\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.23\u0026ndash;34.92\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2500-3999.99 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e46(39.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e206(88.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4000 grams\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(2.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.89\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.22-38.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.419\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGestational Age\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTerm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e43(36.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e199(85.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePreterm\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e40(34.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(3.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.62\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.44\u0026ndash;37.33\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost Term\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.57\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.15\u0026ndash;44.15\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.514\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFactors Independently Associated with Stillbirth(Multivariate Analysis)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCase N (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl N (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAOR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95% CI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnemia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(3.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(1.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u0026ndash;29.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.980\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113(96.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e231(98.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeconium-stained Amniotic Fluid\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(4.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(0.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.7\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.02\u0026ndash;39.12\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.355\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e112(95.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e232(99.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParity status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e45(38.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e53(22.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.25\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u0026ndash;14.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.503\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u0026ndash;4\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e59(50.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e166(70.9)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13(11.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13(5.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.57\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.15\u0026ndash;44.15\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.514\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGov\u0026rsquo;t Employee\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2(1.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24(10.3)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDaily laborer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3(2.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5(2.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10.10\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.15\u0026ndash;67.56\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.281\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarmer\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15(6.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.06\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.16\u0026ndash;15.16\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.350\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHouse wife\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e99(84.6)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e158(67.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.09\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.14\u0026ndash;50.57\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFactory Worker\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7(6.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13(5.5)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.17\u0026ndash;36.47\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.041\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrimary\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e50(42.7)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e75(32.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.18\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u0026ndash;2.28\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.186\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecondary\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e41(35.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e117(50.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00-0.66\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.023\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6(5.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28(12.0)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnable to read and write\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9(3.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.18\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u0026ndash;4.54\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.300\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of ANC\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTeaching Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11(9.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e75(32.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOther Gov\u0026rsquo;t Hospital\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8(6.8)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19(8.1)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.68\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.10\u0026ndash;5.12\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.764\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHealth Center\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e81(69.2)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e111(47.4)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.32\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.18\u0026ndash;4.28\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.889\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe death of the fetus in the last trimester of pregnancy is a source of grief and pain for the families and the communities. To prevent stillbirth, appropriate interventions and strategies are needed. However, to implement the interventions and strategies, identifying the determinant of stillbirth at our center is of paramount importance. By the same token, this study was conducted to identify the determinant of stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, mother who referred from another facility had increased the odds of stillbirth 6.13 times than those who came from home. The findings of this study were consistent with results of a similar study done in Ethiopia, Bahirdar, Nigeria, Ghana,(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR30 CR31\" citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e). This could be due to the reason that most of the referred cases came from rural peripheral health facilities and might be after having serious complications. The distance to reach the hospitals to which they were referred contributes to delay in receiving care, which increases the chance that the fetus, even if alive at referral from a lower-level facility, will be dead by the time a woman reaches the referral facility.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMother from rural area has increased odds of stillbirth about thirteen times than their urban counterparts. This finding was consistent with previous finding form Nigeria, Ethiopia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e). This may be due traditional practices, lack of knowledge, and/or a reluctance to engage in antenatal services which affect maternal and neonatal health in rural area. To further understand, it would be useful to compare the support and education provided to mothers in urban areas and what interventions have been successful as well as understanding whether it is an inequality in healthcare access or education, which renders these mothers at greater risk. A measure on community stillbirths is also essential to fully understand and obtain realistic rates. Therefore, assessment of community birth and stillbirth is warranted in future work.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study also showed that mothers who had secondary education had decrease of stillbirth odds by 96% compared with those who attended the university. This study is congruent with study done at Uganda, Nigeria and India (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR36\" citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e). Female education indeed had a positive impact on maternal health care utilization and that women who attended secondary education understands the benefit of early ANC contact and the pregnancy complications are detected earlier.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose who started ANC follow-up after 28 weeks had increased the odds of stillbirth which is 12.51 times that of those who started earlier than 28 weeks. This finding is congruent with previous study done at Cameroon(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e). This could be due to that complications like preeclampsia can be identified early with early booking. Also, women who begin ANC early may have a higher tendency to attend more antenatal care visits. This will result overall in better care and will significantly reduce the odds of stillbirths.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAPH increase the odds of stillbirth thirteen times than those who had no APH. This finding was congruent with the studies conducted in Northern Ethiopia, East Africa and India (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e). The possible explanation might be that even severe forms of APH usually may not manifest any form of apparent external bleeding but stayed as concealed hemorrhage. Then those forms of APH, where the babies can survive may not readily detect, or because of late presentation to hospitals, the APH progress to more severe forms before they are seen in health facilities. This may reduce the chance of salvaging babies from life threatening rapidly developing anemia leads to decrease in fetal oxygenation and asphyxia which results in intrauterine fetal death.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study identified the odds of stillbirth were around seven times higher among women with preeclampsia than those who had no preeclampsia. The association between preeclampsia and stillbirth is physiologically plausible and had been well described in literatures (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e). It usually leads to uteroplacental insufficiency due to impaired remodeling of the spiral artery could lead to chronic fetal insult, intrauterine growth restriction and consequently intrauterine fetal death.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe odds of stillbirth were over nine times higher for low-birth-weight babies than babies with normal weight. This finding was in line with the studies that was done in northern and southeast Ethiopia (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e). This may be because low birth weight may result from both fetal growth restriction and preterm birth which may not be well adapted for the transition to extra-uterine life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePreterm babies were about fourteen times more likely to be stillborn than term babies. This is consistent with other similar studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e). This may be due to that neonate born preterm are premature and may not be well adapted to withstand labor and transition to extra-uterine life compared to neonate born at term.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMothers who had birth interval less than 2 years from previous delivery has increased odds of stillbirth about four times than those whose birth interval is greater than 2 years. This finding is consistent with the study done at southeast Ethiopia, Bale Zone and Ethiopian spatial and multilevel Analysis (31,38,41). This could be because with short birth interval the mother\u0026rsquo;s body cannot regain the important ingredients and result in inadequate replacement of maternal nutrient stores deplete in the previous pregnancy and lead to reduced fetal growth. This could predispose the fetus to prematurity and its complication which cause stillbirth. Similarly, a review of cause and risk factors of stillbirth in developing countries suggests that short interpregnancy interval is a common threat factor for stillbirth in developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeing housewife by occupation has increased the odds of stillbirth than that of government employee. This finding is in line with previous study done at Cameroon which showed that employment decreased the odds of stillbirth. This could be due to that the housewife lacks monthly income which is necessary for ANC visit transport and rapid health facility visit even after having pregnancy related problems which increases the odds of stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, after adjusting for confounding factor PROM, MSAF, Grandmultiparity, previous history of stillbirth, anemia, and age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;35 years is not significantly associated with stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitation of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe limitations of this study were: It was facility based and can\u0026rsquo;t be generalized to the community, due to the nature of case-control study it is difficult to avoid selection bias and the study identified only the risk factors, but the cause of the stillbirth was not biopsy proven\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBeing referred from other health facility, starting ANC follow-up late after 28 weeks, rural residence, Preeclampsia, Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery, low birthweight and birth interval less than two years were identified determinant of stillbirth in this study, during the study period at ARTH\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRecommendations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis hospital (ARTH) should assess the catchment Hospital and Health Centre referral system, weather they are referring patients on time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eCare provided for mothers diagnosed with APH, Preeclampsia, Preterm delivery,Low birthweight and birth interval less than 2years needs enhancement and attention of care providers at this Hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAOR-Adjusted Odd Ratio\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eARTH-Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAUCHS-Arsi University College of Health Science\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBMI-Body Mass Index\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ecm- Centimeter\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCOR-Crude Odd Ratio\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eETB-Ethiopian Birr\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGA-Gestational Age\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGC-Gregorian Calendar\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGDM-Gestational Diabetes Mellitus\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGov\u0026rsquo;t-Government\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHO-Health Officer\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHIC-High Income Country\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIRB-Institutional Review Board\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIUFD-Intrauterine Fetal Death\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIUGR-Intrauterine Growth Restriction\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKg- Kilogram\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKms-Kilometers\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo.-Number\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOPD-Out Patient Department\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePROM-Premature Rupture of Membrane\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSBR-Stillbirth Rate\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSPSS-Statistical Package for Social Science\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO-World Health Organization\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical clearance was obtained from the Arsi University Institutional Review Board in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki and Permission Letter was received from Hospital management board. The objective of the study explained and consent was taken from those who agree to participate in the study. Participants were explained as they will be contributing directly to the development of interventions to decrease stillbirth rate, it is voluntary participation and has the right to refuse not to participate in this research and full right to withdraw from this study at any time they wish during the interview, discussion, or observation. Each participant was explained that information was kept confidential and Participants\u0026rsquo; card number only used for identification purpose. Code used to ensure confidentiality that only entail, indicative of the research activity, the location, date and time of the activity. This interviewee code was used in the reports and field notes for anonymous identification.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data generated and analyzed during this study haven\u0026rsquo;t been distributed to other party because the article written using this dataset hasn\u0026rsquo;t been published. But dataset are available from corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe (the authors) declare that we hadn\u0026rsquo;t any competing interests in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no funding to report.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization of the study was done by G.S with the assistance of A.J and A.K. A.J and A.K took part by supervising during the study period. G.S carried out the investigation and analysis part with the assistance of A.K. G.S prepared the original draft of manuscript. All the authors contributed in reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed on the final manuscript.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our gratitude and appreciation for Arsi University college of health science to allow us conduct this study.\u0026nbsp;We also like to thank the hospital administrators, participants, and data collectors who have tremendous contribution for this study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiyew AD Risk Factors of Stillbirth Among Women Who Gave Birth in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia, in 2019 : A Case-Control Study. 2021;(May)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAminu M, Unkels R, Mdegela M, Utz B, Adaji S, Broek N, Van Den (2014). Causes of and factors associated with stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review. ;141\u0026ndash;153\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOngeso A, Lukorito M, Kabo J (2018) Factors influencing high prevalence of Fresh Still Births in Mbagathi County Hospital. Nairobi - 6(January):36\u0026ndash;48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMakwana NM, Thaker R, v, Baranda SB, Tyagi AA (2021) Prevalence and causes of stillbirths at a tertiary care hospital. One year study 8(1):61\u0026ndash;65\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHajipour M, Tabatabaee HR, Etemad K, Ansari H, Moghadam A, Mohammadi M et al (2019) The Pre-Pregnancy Risk Factors of Stillbirth in Pregnant Iranian Women: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. 8(3):1\u0026ndash;8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnyichie NE, Nwagu EN (2019) Prevalence and maternal socio-demographic factors associated with stillbirth in health facilities in Anambra. South-East Nigeria. ;19(4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDagne HM, Melku AT, Abdi AA (2021) Determinants of Stillbirth Among Deliveries Attended in Bale Zone Hospitals, Oromia Regional State, Southeast Ethiopia : A Case \u0026ndash;. Control Study. ;51\u0026ndash;60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMengistie A (2019) Prevalence of stillbirth and associated Factors among immediate post-partum mothers at Felegehiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, northwest Ethiopia : An institution based cross- sectional study\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Gezie LD, Nigatu SG (2020) Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKiruja J, Osman F, Ali J, Klingberg-allvin M, Erlandsson K (2017) Risk factors for stillbirth and beliefs: findings from a pilot near miss questionnaire study in Somaliland focusing the mother-baby dyad. 5(3):235\u0026ndash;242\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNjoku CO, Emechebe CI, Eyong EM, Ukaga JT, Anachuna KC (2016) Prevalence and risk factors for stillbirths in a tertiary hospital in Niger Delta area of Nigeria: a ten year review. ;5(3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Tessema ZT, Tamirat KS (2021) Prevalence of stillbirth and its associated factors in East Africa: generalized linear mixed modeling. ;1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eReddy UM, Ko C, wen, Willinger M (2006) Maternal age and the risk of stillbirth throughout pregnancy in the United States. ;764\u0026ndash;770\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTshibumbu DD, Blitz J (2016) Modifia ble antenatal risk factors for stillbirth amongst pregnant women in the Omusati region, Namibia. ;1\u0026ndash;6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElsebeiy FI, Mohammed NS, Nursing G (2017) The Prevalence and Risk Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Intra Uterine Fetal Death and Nursing Implication. 13(1):1\u0026ndash;14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAsare M, Sibley L. Accessing the Prevalence of Stillbirth Rate and Associated Factors among Women Who Delivered in a Rural Hospital \u0026amp;#8230\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSusannah B, Leisher H, Lawn JE, Kinney MV, Kuo NT, Bernis L, De (2016) Stillbirths: Investment in ending preventable stillbirths by 2030 will yield multiple returns and help achieve multiple Sustainable Development Goals. ;1\u0026ndash;5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDalal A, Khursheed R, Gan A (2021) Association of Stillbirths with Maternal and Fetal Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. ;2021\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLindtj B, Mitike D, Zidda Z, Yaya Y (2018) Reducing stillbirths in Ethiopia: Results of an intervention programme. ;1\u0026ndash;11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEgbe TO, Ewane EN, Tendongfor N (2020) Stillbirth rates and associated risk factors at the Buea and Limbe regional hospitals, Cameroon : a case-control study. 8:1\u0026ndash;8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGardosi J, Madurasinghe V, Williams M, Malik A (2013) Maternal and fetal risk factors for stillbirth: population. 108(January):1\u0026ndash;14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu Lchun, Wang Y, chi, Yu M, hsien (2014) Su H young. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics \u0026amp; Gynecology Major risk factors for stillbirth in different trimesters of pregnancy d A systematic review. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 53(2):141\u0026ndash;145\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNezhad AS, Akrami F, Kharaghani R, Rastegari L, Maternal (2019) Fetal, and Delivery Risk Factors for Stillbirth : A Population-Based Study. ;11(3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMothers D, Hospital R, East N, Cherie N, Mebratu A (2018) Nursing and Health Care Adverse Birth Out Comes and Associated Factors among. 3(1):1\u0026ndash;6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkonofua FE, Ntoimo LFC, Ogu R, Galadanci H, Mohammed G (2019) Prevalence and determinants of stillbirth in Nigerian referral hospitals: a multicentre study. ;1\u0026ndash;9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZeleke AM, Asemahagn MA (2021) Prevalence of Stillbirth and Associated Factors among Immediate Postpartum Mothers at Bahir Dar, Felegehiwot Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia : Cross-sectional Study. 7(2):22\u0026ndash;29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Gezie LD, Nigatu SG (2020) Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiyew AD, Molla M, Azene ZN (2021) Risk factors of stillbirth among women who gave birth in Amhara region referral hospitals, Ethiopia, in 2019: A case-control study. Int J Womens Health 13:557\u0026ndash;567\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBadimsuguru AB, Nyarko KM, Afari EA, Sackey SO, Kubio C (2016) Determinants of stillbirths in Northern Ghana: a case control study. Pan Afr Med J. ;25(supp1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDagne HM, Melku AT, Abdi AA (2021) Determinants of stillbirth among deliveries attended in bale zone hospitals, oromia regional state, southeast ethiopia: A case\u0026ndash;control study. Int J Womens Health 13:51\u0026ndash;60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOkonofua FE, Ntoimo LFC, Ogu R, Galadanci H, Mohammed G, Adetoye D et al (2019) Prevalence and determinants of stillbirth in Nigerian referral hospitals: A multicentre study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. ;19(1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMilton R, Zara Modibbo F, Watkins WJ, Gillespie D, Alkali FI, Bello M et al (2022) Determinants of Stillbirth From Two Observational Studies Investigating Deliveries in Kano, Nigeria. Front Glob Womens Health. ;2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBerhie KA, Gebresilassie HG (2016) Logistic regression analysis on the determinants of stillbirth in Ethiopia. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. ;2(1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmwonya D, Kigosa N, Kizza J (2022) Female Education and Maternal Health Care Utilization: Evidence from Uganda. ; Available from: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1263582/v1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1263582/v1\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBusch SLP, Houweling TAJ, Pradhan H, Gope R, Rath S, Kumar A et al (2022) Socioeconomic inequalities in stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates: evidence on Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups in eastern India. Int J Equity Health. ;21(1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnyichie NE, Nwagu EN (2019) Prevalence and maternal socio-demographic factors associated with stillbirth in health facilities in Anambra, south-east Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 19(4):3055\u0026ndash;3062\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Tessema ZT, Tamirat KS, Teshale AB (2021) Prevalence of stillbirth and its associated factors in East Africa: generalized linear mixed modeling. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. ;21(1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDegno S, Lencha B, Aman R, Atlaw D, Mekonnen A, Woldeyohannes D et al (2021) Adverse birth outcomes and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Bale zone hospitals, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia. J Int Med Res. ;49(5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbebe H, Shitu S, Workye H, Mose A (2021) Predictors of stillbirth among women who had given birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2020: A case-control study, vol 16. PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTesema GA, Gezie LD, Nigatu SG (2020) Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis. BMJ Open. ;10(10)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Stillbirth, Determinant of Stillbirth, unmatched case-control study, Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: The annual global burden of stillbirths is approximately 2.6-3.3 million. The World Health Statistics 2013 report has shown that the Ethiopian stillbirth rate accounts for 26 per 1000 deliveries which is third highest in East African countries next to Djibouti and Somalia; and seventh among the ten countries that account for two-thirds of all third-trimester stillbirths in the world. Attempts to lower the stillbirth rate may be hampered by an incomplete understanding of the risk factors leading to the majority of stillbirths. So, this study intended to identify determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Asella Referral Teaching Hospital and it will contribute significantly for community being served at this Hospital and government.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: A prospective unmatched case-control study was conducted from February11-August 31,2022 G.C at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, where a total of 351 post-partum women with a ratio of 1:2 i.e., case (117) to control (234). Data was entered into Epi Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS Version 26 window for analysis. Descriptive frequency and percent, binary and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis, presentation and to test the association between dependent and independent variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was used to declare the level of significance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResult: A total of 351 women were participated in this study with 100% response rate. The age of majority study participants [292(83.2%)] were in the category of 20-34 years. Women who had birth interval of less than 2 years [AOR=4.06,95%CI:1.23-13.37], APH[AOR= 13.09;95%CI:2.43-47.50],Preeclampsia[AOR=6.97; 95% CI:1.37-35.37], Rural Residence [AOR =13.00,95%CI:3.43-49.87], Referral from other facility[AOR=6.13,95%CI:2.32-16.22], ANC Contact at ≥28 weeks [AOR=12.51, 95% CI:2.19-41.40] ,Preterm birth [ AOR=14.62,95% CI:2.44-37.33] and Birth Weight less than 2500grams [AOR =10.63,95%CI:3.22-34.92] were identified independent risk factor of stillbirth.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion: Being referral from other health facility, starting ANC follow-up late after 28 weeks, rural residence, Preeclampsia, Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery, low birthweight and birth interval less than two years were identified risk factors of stillbirth in this study.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Determinants of Stillbirth among Mothers Who Gave Birth at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Asella, South East Oromia, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-31 08:25:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5736087/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"984e2491-db48-42b0-bed6-7875e3c515e3","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 31st, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":42169535,"name":"Obstetrics \u0026 Gynecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-31T08:25:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-31 08:25:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5736087","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5736087","identity":"rs-5736087","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}