Multiscale Regulation Mechanism of Mechanical Behavior in NiTi Orthodontic Archwires with Titanium Nitride Coatings of Varying Thickness

Multiscale Regulation Mechanism of Mechanical Behavior in NiTi Orthodontic Archwires with Titanium Nitride Coatings of Varying Thickness | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Multiscale Regulation Mechanism of Mechanical Behavior in NiTi Orthodontic Archwires with Titanium Nitride Coatings of Varying Thickness Yan Xu, Jiaqi Wu, Haojun Zhao, Yangtao Zhou, Chuanbo Guo, Meixia Liu, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9057090/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 16 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To enhance the mechanical stability and resistance to plastic damage of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires, this study employs numerical simulations to investigate the multiscale mechanical responses of three types of archwires with different diameters (0.014, 0.016, and 0.018 inch) coated with Titanium Nitride (TiN) of varying thicknesses (550–1550 nm) under uniaxial tension and cyclic loading. The study focuses on analyzing key parameters such as von Mises stress, elastic strain energy density, equivalent deviatoric strain, and axial displacement, and it explores the regulation mechanisms of TiN thickness variation in stiffness enhancement, stress sharing, energy storage, and deformation suppression. The results indicate that the TiN coating can enhance the overall stiffness, load-bearing capacity, and cyclic stability of the archwires; reduce plastic strain accumulation; and optimize energy distribution, among which the thickness range of 800–1300 nm yields the most balanced overall performance. When the coating thickness exceeds the critical value, the strengthening effect tends to saturate, and adverse boundary effects such as a local stress concentration may occur. In addition, archwires with smaller diameters are more sensitive to coating reinforcement, exhibiting higher performance gains. This study reveals the multiscale regulation mechanisms governing the mechanical properties of NiTi archwires as a function of TiN coating thickness, providing a theoretical basis and design guidance for their structural optimization and surface engineering. NiTi archwires Titanium Nitride coating multiscale simulation mechanical properties orthodontics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files supinf.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 24 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 16 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Apr, 2026 Editor invited by journal 11 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 11 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 07 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9057090","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":620157685,"identity":"c057d99d-e8c4-4afc-928e-4e165c35fb2c","order_by":0,"name":"Yan Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang Dental Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":620157686,"identity":"51f8ce1f-7185-4546-884e-0515d473712c","order_by":1,"name":"Jiaqi Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang Dental 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