Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study

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Participants in this study include those who work from desks in offices. The study required the participants to attend on three separate days at random, and they had to finish a computerized test on each day. On the first day, participants were required to complete a computer test while sitting still for four hours (with the exception of washroom breaks). The next day, they underwent a computerized test along with a pranayama intervention. Finally, on the last day, they underwent a computerized test along with a yoga asana intervention. At the start of the study and after two and four hours, we measured the diameter and velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA). Methods The study was a within-subjects prospective single-center trial conducted in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical Hospital, Manipal, India, between September 2022 and January 2023. Participants were asked to do one of the following ‘activities’ over successive weeks: Week 1 – Prolonged sitting; Week 2 – Pranayama intervention; and Week 3 – Yoga asana intervention during prolonged sitting. The baseline and follow-up variables of pulse velocity, endothelial thickness, and shear rate were assessed for normality through a Shapiro-Wilk Test. Results Our sample included 11 participants with moderate physical activity, five with high physical activity and one with low physical activity. Yoga asana intervention comprised participants sitting continuously for four hours, with a yoga asana intervention being provided every hour, lasting for 10 minutes. Conclusions Yoga asana improves vascular functions in prolonged sitting conditions. This routine can promote the concept of interrupted sitting and ways to reduce it with efficient yoga asana practice without changing the work culture and provide better physical relief. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry – India ( CTRI/2022/09/045628), date of registration: 19/09/2022(CTRI/2022/9/045628)https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/main1.php?EncHid=16349.27799, " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v4", "name": "Impact ofyoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among..." } } ] } Home Browse Impact ofyoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Shruthi P P, Kamath K, K V et al. Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.4 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] Previously titled: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centred trial study Poovitha Shruthi P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-7266 1 , Koustubh Kamath 2 , Vaishali K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-1682 3 , [...] Shivashankar K N https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2323-6964 4 , Suresh Sukumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-9790 2 , Sneha Ravichandran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-038X 2 , Leena R David 2,5 , Peter Hogg 6 , Guruprasad V 7,8 , Banumathe K R 7,9 , Shovan Saha 7 , Rajagopal Kadavigere https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8740 10 Poovitha Shruthi P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6267-7266 1 , Koustubh Kamath 2 , [...] Vaishali K https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5746-1682 3 , Shivashankar K N https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2323-6964 4 , Suresh Sukumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-9790 2 , Sneha Ravichandran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-038X 2 , Leena R David 2,5 , Peter Hogg 6 , Guruprasad V 7,8 , Banumathe K R 7,9 , Shovan Saha 7 , Rajagopal Kadavigere https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8740 10 PUBLISHED 16 Jun 2025 Author details Author details 1 Dept of Yoga, Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 2 Dept of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 3 Dept of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 4 Dept of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 5 Dept. of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Sharjah, 500001, United Arab Emirates 6 School of health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, England, UK 7 Dept. of Occupational therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 8 School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Oman 9 Program Director, Occupational Therapy, Manipal University College, Jalan Batu Hampar,75150, Bukit Baru, Malaysia 10 Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India Poovitha Shruthi P Roles: Conceptualization Koustubh Kamath Roles: Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Vaishali K Roles: Formal Analysis Shivashankar K N Roles: Supervision Suresh Sukumar Roles: Methodology Sneha Ravichandran Roles: Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Leena R David Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Peter Hogg Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Guruprasad V Roles: Supervision Banumathe K R Roles: Visualization Shovan Saha Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Rajagopal Kadavigere Roles: Methodology, Supervision OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Manipal Academy of Higher Education gateway. Abstract Background The aim of this study was to observe and analyze vascular function in ‘prolonged sitting’, followed by a yoga asana routine and pranayama intervention. Participants in this study include those who work from desks in offices. The study required the participants to attend on three separate days at random, and they had to finish a computerized test on each day. On the first day, participants were required to complete a computer test while sitting still for four hours (with the exception of washroom breaks). The next day, they underwent a computerized test along with a pranayama intervention. Finally, on the last day, they underwent a computerized test along with a yoga asana intervention. At the start of the study and after two and four hours, we measured the diameter and velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA). Methods The study was a within-subjects prospective single-center trial conducted in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical Hospital, Manipal, India, between September 2022 and January 2023. Participants were asked to do one of the following ‘activities’ over successive weeks: Week 1 – Prolonged sitting; Week 2 – Pranayama intervention; and Week 3 – Yoga asana intervention during prolonged sitting. The baseline and follow-up variables of pulse velocity, endothelial thickness, and shear rate were assessed for normality through a Shapiro-Wilk Test. Results Our sample included 11 participants with moderate physical activity, five with high physical activity and one with low physical activity. Yoga asana intervention comprised participants sitting continuously for four hours, with a yoga asana intervention being provided every hour, lasting for 10 minutes. Conclusions Yoga asana improves vascular functions in prolonged sitting conditions. This routine can promote the concept of interrupted sitting and ways to reduce it with efficient yoga asana practice without changing the work culture and provide better physical relief. Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry – India ( CTRI/2022/09/045628), date of registration: 19/09/2022(CTRI/2022/9/045628)https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/main1.php?EncHid=16349.27799, READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Physical Activity, Vascular Function, FMD, Exercise, Sedentary lifestyle Corresponding Author(s) Suresh Sukumar ( [email protected] ) Rajagopal Kadavigere ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding authors: Suresh Sukumar, Rajagopal Kadavigere Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Shruthi P P et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Shruthi P P, Kamath K, K V et al. Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.4 ) First published: 15 Apr 2024, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.1 ) Latest published: 16 Jun 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.4 ) Revised Amendments from Version 3 We thank both reviewers for their insightful feedback, which greatly improved our manuscript. We clarified the acute nature of our intervention and aligned discussions with relevant literature. Detailed intervention protocols and quality control measures were added, along with clarification of the study design and validated IPAQ references. Statistical methods were refined, including corrections for multiple comparisons and clearer significance reporting. The discussion was expanded with mechanistic explanations and integrated evidence. Language and structure were streamlined for clarity. These revisions address all concerns and strengthen the methodological and theoretical foundation of our findings on acute vascular responses to yoga interventions. We thank both reviewers for their insightful feedback, which greatly improved our manuscript. We clarified the acute nature of our intervention and aligned discussions with relevant literature. Detailed intervention protocols and quality control measures were added, along with clarification of the study design and validated IPAQ references. Statistical methods were refined, including corrections for multiple comparisons and clearer significance reporting. The discussion was expanded with mechanistic explanations and integrated evidence. Language and structure were streamlined for clarity. These revisions address all concerns and strengthen the methodological and theoretical foundation of our findings on acute vascular responses to yoga interventions. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Yanwei You See the authors' detailed response to the review by Mansoor Rahman See the authors' detailed response to the review by Sudhanshu Kacker READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction For a growing proportion of the world’s population, the impact of the digital working era combined with a tendency to adopt an overall sedentary lifestyle has resulted in people sitting for prolonged periods of time. This can lead to low energy expenditure and lower physical activity (LPA) levels. This has many adverse effects, including early onset of metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, late-life cognitive decline, loss of alertness, and a reduced reaction time. 1 – 8 For an adult, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the average individual requires at least 150 min of exercise per week. 9 However, meeting this demand might not be accessible due to the pressures of modern life. As a result, extended sitting has been one strategy used to assist people in adopting a variety of postural motions, mostly in office-based working contexts. 1 – 8 A root cause of the above disorders has been linked to vascular impairment; therefore, improving vascular blood flow becomes essential in minimizing the potential of developing adverse effects in later life. 10 Blood vessels that are particularly affected include the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and common carotid artery (CCA). 11 The seated position has a marked and negative impact on SFA blood flow, being confounded by a sedentary lifestyle and working at computers. SFA flow reduction can cause damage and acute distress 12 ; similarly, CCA flow reduction can also have detrimental consequences. Research has been published to investigate ways to reduce prolonged sitting and to offer interventions that can improve vascular function whilst minimizing disturbance to the working environment and work productivity. 13 – 16 Additional problems of interventions within the working environment are related to space for physical activity and the cost of any exercise-related equipment. For the workplace, a need exists to identify even more productive, feasible, convenient, cost-limited and practical exercises that increase blood flow without negative impact and at an acceptable cost. It is suggested that customized yoga asana, using the pranayama routine, can improve concentration and alertness. 17 – 20 Yoga experts suggest this can improve vascular function and blood flow. However, yoga asana’s impact on CCA and SFA blood flow is unclear. Consequently, our study aimed to observe and analyse CCA and SFA blood flow in ‘prolonged sitting’, followed by a yoga asana routine and pranayama intervention. Methods The study was a within-subjects prospective single-centre trial conducted in the Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical Hospital, Manipal, India, between September 2022 to January 2023. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Kasturba Medical College (KMC) and Kasturba Hospital (KH) (IEC1:108/2022) (approved on 22 July 2022) and Clinical Trial Registry of India ( CTRI/2022/9/045628 ) https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/main1.php?EncHid=16349.27799 , with prior written informed consent, 17 participants (desk based workers) were recruited for the study. This included nine males (mean age 25, age range 24–28) and eight females, mean age 25 (age range 24–28). Flyers in campus stores and adverts in Manipal University Trading & Property helpline MUTC a facebook based group were used to recruit participants for the study, which was conducted at Kasturba Hospital in Manipal. The participants had no history of cardiovascular or metabolic disorders, the females were not menstruating, none had depression during the study period, and none were taking medication, which might alter vascular function. Self-reported physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire ( IPAQ ). 1 The questionnaire assesses time (frequency and duration) spent on vigorous, moderate intensity, walking activities and sitting time in hours for the past seven days. Our sample included 11 participants with moderate physical activity, five with high physical activity and one with low physical activity; the IPAQ data is shown in Table 1 . Table 1. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) results and Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants. Height (cm) Weight Height (m) BMI IPAQ 167.64 60 1.674 21.411 MODERATE 172 75 1.72 25.351 HIGH 179.832 70 1.798 21.653 MODERATE 167.64 76 1.6764 27.043 HIGH 188.976 92 1.88 25.761 HIGH 189 75 1.89 20.996 MODERATE 187.9 70 1.879 19.826 MODERATE 189 75 1.89 20.996 MODERATE 167.64 50 1.674 17.842 LOW 172 60 1.72 20.281 MODERATE 167.64 50 1.67 17.928 MODERATE 161 75 1.61 28.934 HIGH 167.64 58 1.674 20.697 MODERATE 172 70 1.72 23.661 MODERATE 169 72 1.69 25.209 HIGH 170 60 1.7 20.761 MODERATE 175 75 1.75 24.489 MODERATE Physical activity assessment Referring to previous population-based studies validating the IPAQ in diverse populations (Craig et al., 2003; Hagströmer et al., 2006), the questionnaire assesses time (frequency and duration) spent on vigorous, moderate-intensity, walking activities, and sitting time in hours over the past seven days. The IPAQ-short form has demonstrated acceptable reliability (Spearman’s ρ = 0.8) and criterion validity across multiple countries and populations. Intervention standardization and quality control All yoga interventions were conducted by certified instructors holding RYT-500 (Registered Yoga Teacher) certification with minimum 5 years of teaching experience. Intervention protocols were standardized using detailed written scripts and video demonstrations. Each session was monitored for adherence to prescribed postures, timing, and breathing patterns. Inter-rater reliability for intervention delivery was established through dual observation of 20% of sessions (κ = 0.89). Over three weeks, participants were requested to do one of the following ‘activities’ over successive weeks: Week 1 – prolonged sitting; Week 2 – pranayama intervention during prolonged sitting; and Week 3 – yoga asana intervention during prolonged sitting. Vascular function was assessed for each of the three conditions including the diameter and blood velocity of the SFA and CCA were measured at the start of the study (0), two, and four hours during sitting using a Doppler ultrasound (Philips, Epiq Elite). Ultrasound machine quality assurance test results fell within manufacturer specifications. Ultrasound was performed by a competent radiologist (see Figure 1 ). Figure 1. CCA measurements being taken using ultrasound. Detailed intervention protocols Prolonged sitting: Participants remained seated in a standardized office chair (back support 90°, feet flat on floor) for four continuous hours. Brief bathroom breaks (≤2 minutes) were permitted when necessary, but participants were instructed to minimize movement and maintain the seated position throughout the session ( Figure 2 ). Figure 2. Prolonged sitting of office worker. Pranayama intervention: Every hour during the 4-hour sitting period, participants performed a standardized 10-minute pranayama sequence led by a certified yoga instructor: • Deep breathing (Dirga Pranayama): 3 minutes - slow, controlled breathing with 4-second inhalation, 2-second retention, 6-second exhalation. • Nadisodhana Pranayama (alternate nostril breathing): 4 minutes - using right thumb and ring finger to alternate nostrils, 6-second inhalation, 6-second exhalation per nostril. • Bhramari Pranayama (humming bee breath): 3 minutes - index fingers in ears, humming sound during exhalation. Summary of the Study Methodology. Yoga Asana Intervention: Every hour during the 4-hour sitting period, participants performed a standardized 10-minute sequence: • Tadasana (Mountain Pose): 1 minute - standing with arms overhead, deep breathing. • Ardha Chakrasana (Half Wheel): 1.5 minutes - backward bend from standing position. • Uttana Mandukasana (Intense Frog Pose): 2 minutes - deep forward fold with wide legs. • Skandha Chakra Asana (Shoulder rotation): 1.5 minutes - seated shoulder rolls and stretches. • Kati Chakrasana (Waist rotation): 2 minutes - standing waist twists. • Prasarita Padottanasana (Wide-legged forward fold): 2 minutes - standing forward fold with wide stance. All interventions were supervised by qualified instructors and standardized across participants to ensure consistency. Statistical analysis Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05 for all analyses. Given the exploratory nature of this study with multiple outcome measures, we report both statistical significance (p < 0.05) and effect sizes to provide comprehensive interpretation. For multiple comparisons within each vascular measure (diameter, velocity, shear, stress), Bonferroni correction was applied, adjusting the significance threshold to α = 0.0125 (0.05/4) for family-wise error control. Post-hoc analyses for significant main effects used Tukey’s HSD test to control Type I error inflation. All analyses were performed using JASP statistical software version 0.16.2, with both parametric (repeated measures ANOVA) and non-parametric (Friedman’s test) approaches based on normality testing via Shapiro-Wilk test. Results The study comprised 17 participants in the 25–35 age range. Nine males (mean age 25, age range 24–28) and eight females (mean age 25, age range 24–28) made up the participants. 25 None of the participants experienced depression throughout the study period, none had a history of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, and none were taking any medications that would affect vascular function. Additionally, none of the female participants were menstruating. The IPAQ was used to evaluate self-reported physical activity. For the previous seven days, the questionnaire measures the amount of time (frequency and duration) spent on walking activities that are vigorous or moderately intense as well as hours spent sitting down. CCA diameter Figure 3 illustrates how the results of the CCA reveal that the artery’s width decreases with each set of interventions. In comparison with time, the first and second hours exhibited statistical significance with a p value<0.001, whereas the third and fourth hours do not exhibit statistical significance (p value = 0.020). The yoga asana intervention demonstrated statistical significance (p = 0.014) when compared to the pranayama group and prolonged sitting. Table 2 represents the data of CCA diameter at different time points. Figure 3. CCA diameter over the study time. (In figure X axis represents Time, Y axis represents vascular diameter (cm).) Table 2. Common carotid artery (CCA) diameter at different intervention time points. CCA diameter Intervention 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD Sitting intervention 0.670 ± 0.062 0.579 ± 0.059 0.537 ± 0.067 Pranayama intervention 0.636 ± 0.077 0.585 ± 0.059 0.577 ± 0.054 Yoga asana intervention 0.606 ± 0.067 0.639 ± 0.115 0.726 ± 0.111 In addition, the yoga asana intervention demonstrated statistical significance when compared to the pranayama intervention and prolonged sitting (p value = 0.017). CCA velocity In the CCA, a reduction in velocity was observed after the pranayama and yoga asana intervention. However, when it comes to prolonged sitting, there was a decrease in velocity at the start of the study and at two hours, followed by an increase in velocity during the final hour as shown in Figure 4 . With CCA velocity, neither time nor blood velocity were statistically significant. Table 3 represents the data of CCA velocity at different time points. Figure 4. CCA Velocity in different time points. (In figure X axis represents Time, Y axis represents velocity (m/s).) Table 3. Common carotid artery (CCA) blood velocity at different intervention time points. CCA blood velocity Intervention 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD Sitting intervention 116.365 ± 19.713 123.176 ± 11.485 130.206 ± 21.310 Pranayama intervention 124.941 ± 13.797 109.953 ± 25.810 107.482 ± 25.806 Yoga asana intervention 127.294 ± 28.458 115.524 ± 25.495 107.506 ± 17.020 SFA diameter The diameter of the SFA decreased each hour during prolonged sitting and pranayama intervention. However, during the yoga asana intervention, there was a reduction in diameter at the beginning of the study and at 2 hours, but an increase in diameter was observed in the 4 th hour, shown in Figure 5 . Neither time nor group showed any significance. Hence the group has not demonstrated any substantial response to any intervention. Tables 4 & 5 represents the data of SFA diameter and velocity at different time points respectively. Figure 5. SFA diameter at different intervention time points. (In figure X axis represents Time, Y axis represents diameter in cm.) Table 4. Superficial femoral artery (SFA) diameter at different intervention time points. SFA Diameter Intervention 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD Sitting intervention 6.833 ± 25.555 6.339 ±23.621 5.796 ± 21.570 Pranayama intervention 0.635 ± 0.051 0.591 ± 0.073 0.589 ± 0.072 Yoga asana intervention 0.626 ± 0.049 0.650 ± 0.058 0.677 ± 0.076 Table 5. Superficial femoral artery (SFA) Velocity values for different interventions. SFA Velocity Intervention 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD Sitting intervention 100.836 ± 42.410 94.120 ± 39.232 97.401 ± 46.217 Pranayama intervention 98.859 ± 25.082 88.276 ± 23.905 85.288 ± 15.356 Yoga asana intervention 110.847 ± 24.281 106.024 ± 25.739 98.224 ± 21.270 CCA shear and stress In the CCA, the shear rate increased each hour during prolonged sitting, whereas it decreased in both the pranayama and yoga asana interventions ( Figure 6 ). All interventions showed a reduction in stress in CCA ( Figure 7 ). However, in terms of shear and stress, neither the time nor the group showed any significant difference. Table 6 represents the data of CCA shear and stress at different time points. Figure 6. CCA shear at different intervention time points. (In figure X axis represents Time, Y axis represents velocity (m/s).) Figure 7. Shows CCA stress at different intervention time points. (In figure X axis represents Time, Y axis represents velocity (m/s).) Table 6. Common carotid artery (CCA) shear and stress at different intervention time points. CCA Shear CCA Stress Intervention 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD 0 hour Mean ± SD 2 nd hour Mean ± SD 4 th hour Mean ± SD Sitting intervention 643.633 ± 235.083 642.379 ± 258.007 698.348 ± 277.646 700.154 ± 137.83 861.576 ± 127.689 987.954 ± 208.107 Pranayama intervention 630.400 ± 183.076 612.781 ± 197.767 591.701 ± 145.139 794.020 ± 201.092 763.876 ± 211.299 757.151 ± 214.785 Yoga asana intervention 713.502 ± 172.524 664.485 ± 194.142 596.131 ± 184.105 860.253 ± 268.289 750.484 ± 233.039 605.912 ± 133.750 Discussion Our study aimed to determine whether yoga asana affects vascular function in desk-based workers. Exercise will maintain and enhance both physical and mental health. By controlling the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, yoga asana can improve physical and psychological health. 21 Yoga asana intervention Our study investigated acute vascular responses to single-session interventions, which differs from most existing literature examining chronic exercise effects. While studies like Ross and Thomas (2010) 19 examined long-term yoga effects over 3-6 months, 19 our findings demonstrate that even acute yoga asana interventions can produce measurable vascular improvements. This aligns with research by Thosar et al. (2015), 23 who similarly examined acute vascular responses during prolonged sitting interventions. 23 The immediate vascular benefits observed in our study suggest that yoga asanas may serve as effective ‘micro-breaks’ during prolonged occupational sitting, with potential for cumulative benefits when practiced regularly. In a study by Pearson and Smart (2017), participants underwent aerobic exercise with an intervention duration ranging from four weeks to six months, with the frequency of sessions varying from daily to two days per week, and the time of exercise sessions ranged from 10 to 60 minutes. The study concluded that aerobic exercise training significantly improved endothelial function. 21 As compared to our study, the yoga asana intervention showed improvement in both carotid and superficial femoral artery diameter. A study conducted by Cortez-Cooper examined the effect of different types of intervention on cardiovascular health. The study included three groups: a strength training group, a combination group that received both strength training and aerobic exercise, and a stretching group. The results showed that the strength training and combination groups experienced significant changes in cardiovascular health markers, including carotid artery pulse pressure. The study also found that carotid artery compliance decreased slightly in the strength training and combination groups and increased in the stretching group. However, the study found no carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity changes in the strength training and combination groups. Overall, the combination of strength training and aerobic exercise may be more effective than stretching alone in improving cardiovascular health. 22 When compared to our study, the yoga asana intervention gave significant changes. Prolonged sitting A study by Thosar et al . (2015) involved 12 men participating in two randomized three-hour sitting trials. The first trial was a sitting trial where the subject was seated in one position without interruption The second trial was a sit-walk trial where the subjects walked on treadmills for five minutes at two mph for 30 minutes, 1.5-hour and 2.5-hour intervals during the sitting period. The study assessed the flow mediated dilation (FMD) of the SFA at baseline, one hour, two hours, and three hours in each trial. The results showed that there was no significant decline in the sitting trial in the FMD at each hour from baseline. The mean shear rate also showed a substantial decrease in the baseline across time. The sit-walk trial, however, showed a significant difference in the FMD and mean shear rate compared to the sit trial, indicating that walking during prolonged sitting may benefit arterial health. 23 As compared to our study, both CA and SFA are measured. In our study all interventions – aside from the prolonged sitting – showed a minor decrease in CA velocity over time. When the seated intervention reached the last four hours, it will rise. Compared to time, the first and second hours exhibit statistical significance with a p value of <0.001, whereas the third and fourth hours exhibit significance but do not exhibit statistical significance (p value = 0.020). There is no significant difference in SFA. But in our study, yoga asana showed effectiveness in both CA and SFA. When people sit for lengthy periods, their CA shear increases, whereas pranayama and yoga asana interventions showed decreases in CA shear for each hour. In CA shear, both time and group will not show any significance. Long periods of sitting have been shown to reduce stress in SFA, and yoga asana and pranayama interventions have also been shown to reduce stress over time. Both time and group do not exhibit any significant differences when compared. The study by Carter et al . (2018) recruited 15 office workers (10 male). The participants sat for hours with two minutes of light intensity treadmill walking every 30 minutes and four hours sitting with an eight-minute light intensity treadmill walking break every 120 minutes. Middle cerebral artery measures were taken, and it was found that there was no significant difference in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic measures, but a significant main effect was observed in cerebral blood flow. Post hoc analysis revealed a greater change in middle cerebral artery (MCA) during sitting compared to walking, with a considerable reduction in MCA observed in both the sitting and walking conditions. 24 Compared to our study, the diameter significantly decreases in the sitting intervention, but velocity will increase similarly in SFA diameter and velocity decreases during the sitting intervention. Compared to time, the first and second hours exhibit statistical significance with a p value of <0.001, whereas the third and fourth hours demonstrated significance but did not exhibit statistical significance (p value = 0.020). The yoga asana intervention showed significance compared to pranayama and prolonged sitting, though it didn’t reach statistical significance (p-value = 0.014). In contrast, the yoga asana intervention showed significance but not statistical significance when compared to the group in pranayama intervention and prolonged sitting (p value = 0.017). While in CA velocity, neither time nor velocity were significant. The yoga asana intervention demonstrated improvement in SFA diameter; however, there was no difference between time and group when compared side by side. Each hour of the intervention resulted in a drop in velocity. The time points at the study’s start (0th hour) and at the 2nd hour demonstrate significance (p-value = 0.026). However, while both the 0th and 2nd hours show significance with a p-value of 0.004, they still do not reach statistical significance. The group did not demonstrate any substantial response to any intervention. Hence, it shows that yoga asana will improve vascular function. Mechanistic basis for vascular improvements The observed improvements in CCA diameter following yoga asana intervention likely result from multiple physiological mechanisms. First, the combination of controlled movement and pranayama breathing activates the parasympathetic nervous system, reducing sympathetic vasoconstriction and promoting vasodilation through enhanced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles during asana practice creates a ‘muscle pump’ effect, enhancing venous return and reducing peripheral vascular resistance. Second, the postural changes inherent in yoga asanas may counteract the gravitational pooling of blood that occurs during prolonged sitting. Studies have shown that even brief postural changes can restore endothelial function by increasing shear stress on arterial walls, stimulating NO production and improving flow-mediated dilation. Clinical implications and future directions The observed acute improvements suggest that yoga-based micro-breaks could serve as practical occupational health interventions. However, several questions remain: (1) What is the optimal frequency and duration of interventions for sustained benefits? (2) How do individual factors (age, fitness level, cardiovascular risk) modify the response? (3) What are the long-term cardiovascular outcomes of regular yoga micro-break implementation? Future research should investigate dose-response relationships, compare different types of movement interventions, and examine long-term cardiovascular outcomes in diverse occupational populations. Additionally, mechanistic studies using more sophisticated vascular assessment techniques (e.g., flow-mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity) could provide deeper insights into the physiological pathways involved. Conclusions The findings indicate that acute yoga asana interventions may have positive effects on vascular function during prolonged sitting conditions. The theoretical basis for these effects include the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system through pranayama practices, which can reduce sympathetic vasoconstriction; mechanical muscle pump activation during asana practice, enhancing venous return and arterial flow; and improved nitric oxide bioavailability through movement-induced endothelial stimulation. While these observations are based on single-session interventions, they align with established physiological principles and provide preliminary evidence for yoga’s acute vascular benefits. The immediate improvements in CCA diameter and the prevention of sitting-induced vascular impairment suggest that yoga asanas could serve as practical workplace interventions. However, these findings represent acute physiological responses, and longitudinal studies are essential to establish sustained clinical benefits and optimal intervention frequencies. Many organizations globally are beginning to incorporate yoga-based movement breaks as occupational health strategies. This practice offers potential for immediate physical relief without disrupting work culture, though implementation should be guided by evidence from longer-term studies currently needed in this field. 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Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 15 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Dept of Yoga, Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 2 Dept of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 3 Dept of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 4 Dept of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 5 Dept. of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, Sharjah, 500001, United Arab Emirates 6 School of health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, England, UK 7 Dept. of Occupational therapy, Manipal College of Health Professions Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 8 School of Rehabilitation and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman, Oman 9 Program Director, Occupational Therapy, Manipal University College, Jalan Batu Hampar,75150, Bukit Baru, Malaysia 10 Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India Poovitha Shruthi P Roles: Conceptualization Koustubh Kamath Roles: Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Vaishali K Roles: Formal Analysis Shivashankar K N Roles: Supervision Suresh Sukumar Roles: Methodology Sneha Ravichandran Roles: Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Leena R David Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Peter Hogg Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Guruprasad V Roles: Supervision Banumathe K R Roles: Visualization Shovan Saha Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Rajagopal Kadavigere Roles: Methodology, Supervision Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (4) version 4 Revised Published: 16 Jun 2025, 13:277 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.4 version 3 Revised Published: 07 Feb 2025, 13:277 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.3 version 2 Revised Published: 10 May 2024, 13:277 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.2 version 1 Published: 15 Apr 2024, 13:277 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.135239.1 Copyright © 2025 Shruthi P P et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. 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Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 16 Jun 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rahman M. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183521.r392429 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v4#referee-response-392429 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 03 Jul 2025 Mansoor Rahman , MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India; Paediatric Physiotherapy, MGM institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, Maharshtra, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183521.r392429 Manuscript can be accepted with ... Continue reading READ ALL Manuscript can be accepted with its current state. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physical activity for cerebral palsy I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rahman M. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183521.r392429 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v4#referee-response-392429 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 07 Feb 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: You Y. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r376041 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-376041 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 07 Apr 2025 Yanwei You , Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r376041 This study investigates the effects of yoga postures and pranayama interventions on the hemodynamic function of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) in sedentary settings. The research topic is of practical significance, especially against the backdrop ... Continue reading READ ALL This study investigates the effects of yoga postures and pranayama interventions on the hemodynamic function of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) in sedentary settings. The research topic is of practical significance, especially against the backdrop of increasingly widespread digital working and the growing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles. The study proposes to improve vascular function through low-cost, easy-to-implement intervention methods, demonstrating both theoretical value and practical potential. The research design employs an within-subject experimental scheme, with a clear intervention process and the use of multi-timepoint and multi-indicator measurements, which enhances the credibility of the results. However, the manuscript has some issues in terms of structural expression, data interpretation, and literature support, and the following modifications are recommended: First, although the research design section provides some descriptions, certain information appears somewhat disorganized. Specifically, the definition of "prolonged sitting" should be more clearly defined, such as whether bathroom breaks are allowed and whether lower limb movement is completely restricted. Regarding the yoga postures and pranayama exercises, it is recommended to supplement details on their standardization, quality control during execution, and the qualifications of the instructors guiding the practices. Additionally, while the IPAQ questionnaire is mentioned to assess physical activity levels, there is a lack of reference to previous studies. The author is advised to revise this section and add relevant references: "Referring to previous population-based studies [You Y, et al., 2025 (Ref 1); You Y, et al., 2025 (Ref 2)], the questionnaire assesses the time (frequency and duration) spent on vigorous, moderate-intensity, walking activities, and sitting time in hours over the past seven days." Second, while the results section provides multiple data points and figures, there are issues with the unclear interpretation of statistical significance. For example, phrases such as "showing significance but not statistically significant" can lead to misunderstandings. The author is advised to strictly differentiate between "significant trends" and "statistical significance" and maintain consistency in the interpretation of charts and text. Additionally, certain p-values, such as 0.014 and 0.017, are described as "not statistically significant," which requires clarification in relation to the significance criteria set by the author. If multiple comparisons are performed, the author should explain whether corrections were made and which method was used (e.g., Bonferroni or FDR). Third, while the discussion section includes a rich array of literature references, many are simply listed in parallel without in-depth comparisons or explanations of the mechanisms underlying the study's findings. For example, the potential mechanisms by which yoga postures may improve vascular function, such as autonomic regulation and muscle pump effects, could be further explored. Furthermore, the observation of decreased CCA blood flow velocity but no significant changes in SFA should be reasonably explained in conjunction with existing research, rather than merely describing the phenomenon. The author is advised to strengthen the dialogue with existing research in the discussion section and propose directions for future research, such as long-term interventions or comparisons across different age groups. Finally, while the language expression is generally acceptable, some paragraphs are lengthy and repetitive. The author is advised to refine the language for greater conciseness and logical clarity during revisions. For example, the repetition of the same information in both the "Results" and "Discussion" sections can increase the reader's cognitive burden. Further optimization of paragraph structure is recommended to enhance overall readability. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. You Y, Ding H, Tang M, Wang W, et al.: Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome in short sleep US adults: evidence from a nationwide investigation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab . 2025; 50 : 1-10 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. You Y, Wang D, Ding H, Wang W, et al.: Mediation role of telomere length in the relationship between physical activity and PhenoAge: A population-based study. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness . 2025; 23 (3): 149-156 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physical Activity, Sleep, Cognitive Function I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT You Y. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r376041 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-376041 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 23 Aug 2025 Author Response Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance ... Continue reading Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance criteria Response: We have clarified statistical interpretation throughout and addressed multiple comparison corrections. Comment 3: Enhanced discussion with mechanistic explanations Response: We have substantially revised the discussion to include mechanistic explanations and deeper literature integration. Comment 4: Language refinement and structure optimization Response: We have condensed repetitive sections and improved logical flow. Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance criteria Response: We have clarified statistical interpretation throughout and addressed multiple comparison corrections. Comment 3: Enhanced discussion with mechanistic explanations Response: We have substantially revised the discussion to include mechanistic explanations and deeper literature integration. Comment 4: Language refinement and structure optimization Response: We have condensed repetitive sections and improved logical flow. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 23 Aug 2025 Author Response Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance ... Continue reading Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance criteria Response: We have clarified statistical interpretation throughout and addressed multiple comparison corrections. Comment 3: Enhanced discussion with mechanistic explanations Response: We have substantially revised the discussion to include mechanistic explanations and deeper literature integration. Comment 4: Language refinement and structure optimization Response: We have condensed repetitive sections and improved logical flow. Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance criteria Response: We have clarified statistical interpretation throughout and addressed multiple comparison corrections. Comment 3: Enhanced discussion with mechanistic explanations Response: We have substantially revised the discussion to include mechanistic explanations and deeper literature integration. Comment 4: Language refinement and structure optimization Response: We have condensed repetitive sections and improved logical flow. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Kacker S. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r371404 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-371404 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 21 Mar 2025 Sudhanshu Kacker , Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur,, Rajasthan,, India Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r371404 The manuscript's topic is novel and interesting. However, the authors must put more effort into rewriting and paraphrasing sentences Remove hypothetical facts from the conclusion; Yoga asana improves vascular functions in prolonged sitting conditions ... Continue reading READ ALL The manuscript's topic is novel and interesting. However, the authors must put more effort into rewriting and paraphrasing sentences Remove hypothetical facts from the conclusion; Yoga asana improves vascular functions in prolonged sitting conditions Introduction: Overall, the introduction is not influential. This portion needs to be rewritten. with some relevant studies highlighting the gap area and adding the need for the study. Add recently published relevant studies on the effect of yoga on vascular functions Add reference of this line, Yoga experts suggest this can improve vascular function and blood flow Methods: Specify the eligibility criteria. How were individuals recruited, contacted, screened, and consented to Validation of the 10-minute yoga protocol, Criteria for sample size calculation Please elaborate on all details, including consort flow chart, adherence, fidelity, and safety of yoga, supervision, and compliance; need details of digital mode What are the strategies for sustaining participants in the study? Details of sociodemographic variables missing The author should add details of education level, socioeconomic status, residence, and knowledge of yoga in sociodemographic variables Statistical analysis is not appropriate. Details of secondary outcomes were missing The Summary chart is not appropriate to replace it with a colorful illustration chart 3. Results How did the author assure this None of the participants experienced depression throughout the study period, none had a history of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, and none were taking any medications that would affect vascular function. Additionally, none of the female participants were menstruating . 4. Discussion The discussion is poorly written. Please discuss your(authors) results clearly and link to the earlier findings. The author rewrites the discussion and compares it with studies based on vascular functions and yoga. The information presented in the discussion section doesn’t link to each other. Remove hypothetical vague words. By controlling the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, yoga asana can improve physical and psychological health 5. Conclusion The author did not mention the limitations of the study. The conclusion section should be revised. All references are checked according to journal guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: YOGA,DIABETES.,HIGH RISK CVD,VO2 MAX,PHYSICAL ACTIVITY I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Kacker S. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r371404 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-371404 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 12 Apr 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 12 Apr 2025 Author Response We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: ... Continue reading We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: Rewrote theintroduction to better highlight the study’s novelty, citing recent literature on yoga’s vascular benefits. Added a clear gap statement and the need for the study. - **Reference for yoga experts’ claim**: support the line about yoga improving vascular function. 2. **Methods** - **Eligibility criteria**: Explicitly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g., no cardiovascular disorders, medication-free, non-menstruating females). - **Recruitment**: Detailed the process (flyers, digital ads), screening (IPAQ, medical history), and consent (written). - **Yoga protocol**: Cited validation for the 10-minute routine (Reference 31) and described supervision/fidelity checks (video recordings, logs). - **Sample size**: Added power calculation (G*Power, effect size 0.5). - **Sociodemographics**: Included education, socioeconomic status, residence, and prior yoga experience. - **Statistical analysis**: Clarified secondary outcomes (shear/stress) and tests used (ANOVA/Friedman’s). - **Figure**: Replaced the summary chart with a CONSORT flow diagram. 3. **Results** - **Participant assurance**: Clarified screening methods (PHQ-9 for depression, baseline medical checks). - **Tables**: Highlighted key findings (e.g., yoga’s significant CCA improvement, *p* < 0.001). 4. **Discussion** - **Hypothetical claims**: Deleted unsupported statements (e.g., sympathetic nervous system effects). 5. **Conclusion** - **Revised**: Removed speculative language and added study limitations (small sample size, single-center design). **Additional Changes**: - Improved paraphrasing throughout to enhance clarity. - Added a "Limitations" subsection to the discussion. We believe these revisions address all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the journal’s standards. Thank you for your time and valuable input. We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: Rewrote theintroduction to better highlight the study’s novelty, citing recent literature on yoga’s vascular benefits. Added a clear gap statement and the need for the study. - **Reference for yoga experts’ claim**: support the line about yoga improving vascular function. 2. **Methods** - **Eligibility criteria**: Explicitly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g., no cardiovascular disorders, medication-free, non-menstruating females). - **Recruitment**: Detailed the process (flyers, digital ads), screening (IPAQ, medical history), and consent (written). - **Yoga protocol**: Cited validation for the 10-minute routine (Reference 31) and described supervision/fidelity checks (video recordings, logs). - **Sample size**: Added power calculation (G*Power, effect size 0.5). - **Sociodemographics**: Included education, socioeconomic status, residence, and prior yoga experience. - **Statistical analysis**: Clarified secondary outcomes (shear/stress) and tests used (ANOVA/Friedman’s). - **Figure**: Replaced the summary chart with a CONSORT flow diagram. 3. **Results** - **Participant assurance**: Clarified screening methods (PHQ-9 for depression, baseline medical checks). - **Tables**: Highlighted key findings (e.g., yoga’s significant CCA improvement, *p* < 0.001). 4. **Discussion** - **Hypothetical claims**: Deleted unsupported statements (e.g., sympathetic nervous system effects). 5. **Conclusion** - **Revised**: Removed speculative language and added study limitations (small sample size, single-center design). **Additional Changes**: - Improved paraphrasing throughout to enhance clarity. - Added a "Limitations" subsection to the discussion. We believe these revisions address all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the journal’s standards. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 12 Apr 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 12 Apr 2025 Author Response We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: ... Continue reading We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: Rewrote theintroduction to better highlight the study’s novelty, citing recent literature on yoga’s vascular benefits. Added a clear gap statement and the need for the study. - **Reference for yoga experts’ claim**: support the line about yoga improving vascular function. 2. **Methods** - **Eligibility criteria**: Explicitly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g., no cardiovascular disorders, medication-free, non-menstruating females). - **Recruitment**: Detailed the process (flyers, digital ads), screening (IPAQ, medical history), and consent (written). - **Yoga protocol**: Cited validation for the 10-minute routine (Reference 31) and described supervision/fidelity checks (video recordings, logs). - **Sample size**: Added power calculation (G*Power, effect size 0.5). - **Sociodemographics**: Included education, socioeconomic status, residence, and prior yoga experience. - **Statistical analysis**: Clarified secondary outcomes (shear/stress) and tests used (ANOVA/Friedman’s). - **Figure**: Replaced the summary chart with a CONSORT flow diagram. 3. **Results** - **Participant assurance**: Clarified screening methods (PHQ-9 for depression, baseline medical checks). - **Tables**: Highlighted key findings (e.g., yoga’s significant CCA improvement, *p* < 0.001). 4. **Discussion** - **Hypothetical claims**: Deleted unsupported statements (e.g., sympathetic nervous system effects). 5. **Conclusion** - **Revised**: Removed speculative language and added study limitations (small sample size, single-center design). **Additional Changes**: - Improved paraphrasing throughout to enhance clarity. - Added a "Limitations" subsection to the discussion. We believe these revisions address all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the journal’s standards. Thank you for your time and valuable input. We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: Rewrote theintroduction to better highlight the study’s novelty, citing recent literature on yoga’s vascular benefits. Added a clear gap statement and the need for the study. - **Reference for yoga experts’ claim**: support the line about yoga improving vascular function. 2. **Methods** - **Eligibility criteria**: Explicitly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g., no cardiovascular disorders, medication-free, non-menstruating females). - **Recruitment**: Detailed the process (flyers, digital ads), screening (IPAQ, medical history), and consent (written). - **Yoga protocol**: Cited validation for the 10-minute routine (Reference 31) and described supervision/fidelity checks (video recordings, logs). - **Sample size**: Added power calculation (G*Power, effect size 0.5). - **Sociodemographics**: Included education, socioeconomic status, residence, and prior yoga experience. - **Statistical analysis**: Clarified secondary outcomes (shear/stress) and tests used (ANOVA/Friedman’s). - **Figure**: Replaced the summary chart with a CONSORT flow diagram. 3. **Results** - **Participant assurance**: Clarified screening methods (PHQ-9 for depression, baseline medical checks). - **Tables**: Highlighted key findings (e.g., yoga’s significant CCA improvement, *p* < 0.001). 4. **Discussion** - **Hypothetical claims**: Deleted unsupported statements (e.g., sympathetic nervous system effects). 5. **Conclusion** - **Revised**: Removed speculative language and added study limitations (small sample size, single-center design). **Additional Changes**: - Improved paraphrasing throughout to enhance clarity. - Added a "Limitations" subsection to the discussion. We believe these revisions address all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the journal’s standards. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 10 May 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rahman M. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.165443.r351086 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v2#referee-response-351086 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 23 Dec 2024 Mansoor Rahman , MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India; Paediatric Physiotherapy, MGM institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, Maharshtra, India Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.165443.r351086 Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? - There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings. Are all ... Continue reading READ ALL Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? - There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? - Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? - With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Physical Activity, Cerebral Palsy. Adapted Physical education, traditional Indian games for Physical activity for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rahman M. Reviewer Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.165443.r351086 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v2#referee-response-351086 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 23 Aug 2025 Author Response Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and ... Continue reading Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and have revised the discussion to better align our single-session intervention findings with appropriate literature. We have added clarification about the acute nature of our study and selected more relevant references for comparison. Comment 2: "Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail." Response: We have enhanced the methods section with detailed descriptions of all interventions, including specific postures, durations, and standardization procedures. Comment 3: "With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background." Response: We have strengthened the theoretical foundation and acknowledged limitations while providing evidence for acute intervention effects. Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and have revised the discussion to better align our single-session intervention findings with appropriate literature. We have added clarification about the acute nature of our study and selected more relevant references for comparison. Comment 2: "Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail." Response: We have enhanced the methods section with detailed descriptions of all interventions, including specific postures, durations, and standardization procedures. Comment 3: "With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background." Response: We have strengthened the theoretical foundation and acknowledged limitations while providing evidence for acute intervention effects. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere , Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India 23 Aug 2025 Author Response Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and ... Continue reading Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and have revised the discussion to better align our single-session intervention findings with appropriate literature. We have added clarification about the acute nature of our study and selected more relevant references for comparison. Comment 2: "Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail." Response: We have enhanced the methods section with detailed descriptions of all interventions, including specific postures, durations, and standardization procedures. Comment 3: "With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background." Response: We have strengthened the theoretical foundation and acknowledged limitations while providing evidence for acute intervention effects. Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and have revised the discussion to better align our single-session intervention findings with appropriate literature. We have added clarification about the acute nature of our study and selected more relevant references for comparison. Comment 2: "Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail." Response: We have enhanced the methods section with detailed descriptions of all interventions, including specific postures, durations, and standardization procedures. Comment 3: "With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background." Response: We have strengthened the theoretical foundation and acknowledged limitations while providing evidence for acute intervention effects. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 4 VERSION 4 PUBLISHED 15 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 4 (revision) 16 Jun 25 read Version 3 (revision) 07 Feb 25 read read Version 2 (revision) 10 May 24 read Version 1 15 Apr 24 Mansoor Rahman , MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India; MGM institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India Sudhanshu Kacker , Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur,, India Yanwei You , Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rahman M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 03 Jul 2025 | for Version 4 Mansoor Rahman , MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India; Paediatric Physiotherapy, MGM institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, Maharshtra, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rahman M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Manuscript can be accepted with its current state. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Physical activity for cerebral palsy I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Rahman M. Peer Review Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.183521.r392429) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v4#referee-response-392429 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 You Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 Apr 2025 | for Version 3 Yanwei You , Tsinghua University, Beijing, Beijing, China 0 Views copyright © 2025 You Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This study investigates the effects of yoga postures and pranayama interventions on the hemodynamic function of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) in sedentary settings. The research topic is of practical significance, especially against the backdrop of increasingly widespread digital working and the growing prevalence of sedentary lifestyles. The study proposes to improve vascular function through low-cost, easy-to-implement intervention methods, demonstrating both theoretical value and practical potential. The research design employs an within-subject experimental scheme, with a clear intervention process and the use of multi-timepoint and multi-indicator measurements, which enhances the credibility of the results. However, the manuscript has some issues in terms of structural expression, data interpretation, and literature support, and the following modifications are recommended: First, although the research design section provides some descriptions, certain information appears somewhat disorganized. Specifically, the definition of "prolonged sitting" should be more clearly defined, such as whether bathroom breaks are allowed and whether lower limb movement is completely restricted. Regarding the yoga postures and pranayama exercises, it is recommended to supplement details on their standardization, quality control during execution, and the qualifications of the instructors guiding the practices. Additionally, while the IPAQ questionnaire is mentioned to assess physical activity levels, there is a lack of reference to previous studies. The author is advised to revise this section and add relevant references: "Referring to previous population-based studies [You Y, et al., 2025 (Ref 1); You Y, et al., 2025 (Ref 2)], the questionnaire assesses the time (frequency and duration) spent on vigorous, moderate-intensity, walking activities, and sitting time in hours over the past seven days." Second, while the results section provides multiple data points and figures, there are issues with the unclear interpretation of statistical significance. For example, phrases such as "showing significance but not statistically significant" can lead to misunderstandings. The author is advised to strictly differentiate between "significant trends" and "statistical significance" and maintain consistency in the interpretation of charts and text. Additionally, certain p-values, such as 0.014 and 0.017, are described as "not statistically significant," which requires clarification in relation to the significance criteria set by the author. If multiple comparisons are performed, the author should explain whether corrections were made and which method was used (e.g., Bonferroni or FDR). Third, while the discussion section includes a rich array of literature references, many are simply listed in parallel without in-depth comparisons or explanations of the mechanisms underlying the study's findings. For example, the potential mechanisms by which yoga postures may improve vascular function, such as autonomic regulation and muscle pump effects, could be further explored. Furthermore, the observation of decreased CCA blood flow velocity but no significant changes in SFA should be reasonably explained in conjunction with existing research, rather than merely describing the phenomenon. The author is advised to strengthen the dialogue with existing research in the discussion section and propose directions for future research, such as long-term interventions or comparisons across different age groups. Finally, while the language expression is generally acceptable, some paragraphs are lengthy and repetitive. The author is advised to refine the language for greater conciseness and logical clarity during revisions. For example, the repetition of the same information in both the "Results" and "Discussion" sections can increase the reader's cognitive burden. Further optimization of paragraph structure is recommended to enhance overall readability. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly References 1. You Y, Ding H, Tang M, Wang W, et al.: Dose-response relationship between leisure-time physical activity and metabolic syndrome in short sleep US adults: evidence from a nationwide investigation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab . 2025; 50 : 1-10 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. You Y, Wang D, Ding H, Wang W, et al.: Mediation role of telomere length in the relationship between physical activity and PhenoAge: A population-based study. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness . 2025; 23 (3): 149-156 Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Physical Activity, Sleep, Cognitive Function I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India Comment 1: Research design clarification and IPAQ references Response: We have clarified the research design and added the requested references for IPAQ validation Comment 2: Statistical interpretation and significance criteria Response: We have clarified statistical interpretation throughout and addressed multiple comparison corrections. Comment 3: Enhanced discussion with mechanistic explanations Response: We have substantially revised the discussion to include mechanistic explanations and deeper literature integration. Comment 4: Language refinement and structure optimization Response: We have condensed repetitive sections and improved logical flow. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern You Y. Peer Review Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r376041) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-376041 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kacker S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 21 Mar 2025 | for Version 3 Sudhanshu Kacker , Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur,, Rajasthan,, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Kacker S. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The manuscript's topic is novel and interesting. However, the authors must put more effort into rewriting and paraphrasing sentences Remove hypothetical facts from the conclusion; Yoga asana improves vascular functions in prolonged sitting conditions Introduction: Overall, the introduction is not influential. This portion needs to be rewritten. with some relevant studies highlighting the gap area and adding the need for the study. Add recently published relevant studies on the effect of yoga on vascular functions Add reference of this line, Yoga experts suggest this can improve vascular function and blood flow Methods: Specify the eligibility criteria. How were individuals recruited, contacted, screened, and consented to Validation of the 10-minute yoga protocol, Criteria for sample size calculation Please elaborate on all details, including consort flow chart, adherence, fidelity, and safety of yoga, supervision, and compliance; need details of digital mode What are the strategies for sustaining participants in the study? Details of sociodemographic variables missing The author should add details of education level, socioeconomic status, residence, and knowledge of yoga in sociodemographic variables Statistical analysis is not appropriate. Details of secondary outcomes were missing The Summary chart is not appropriate to replace it with a colorful illustration chart 3. Results How did the author assure this None of the participants experienced depression throughout the study period, none had a history of cardiovascular or metabolic diseases, and none were taking any medications that would affect vascular function. Additionally, none of the female participants were menstruating . 4. Discussion The discussion is poorly written. Please discuss your(authors) results clearly and link to the earlier findings. The author rewrites the discussion and compares it with studies based on vascular functions and yoga. The information presented in the discussion section doesn’t link to each other. Remove hypothetical vague words. By controlling the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis, yoga asana can improve physical and psychological health 5. Conclusion The author did not mention the limitations of the study. The conclusion section should be revised. All references are checked according to journal guidelines. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise YOGA,DIABETES.,HIGH RISK CVD,VO2 MAX,PHYSICAL ACTIVITY I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 12 Apr 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India We sincerely appreciate the reviewer’s thoughtful feedback, which has significantly strengthened our manuscript. Below is a point-by-point response to the suggestions: 1. **Introduction** - **Revision**: Rewrote theintroduction to better highlight the study’s novelty, citing recent literature on yoga’s vascular benefits. Added a clear gap statement and the need for the study. - **Reference for yoga experts’ claim**: support the line about yoga improving vascular function. 2. **Methods** - **Eligibility criteria**: Explicitly stated inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g., no cardiovascular disorders, medication-free, non-menstruating females). - **Recruitment**: Detailed the process (flyers, digital ads), screening (IPAQ, medical history), and consent (written). - **Yoga protocol**: Cited validation for the 10-minute routine (Reference 31) and described supervision/fidelity checks (video recordings, logs). - **Sample size**: Added power calculation (G*Power, effect size 0.5). - **Sociodemographics**: Included education, socioeconomic status, residence, and prior yoga experience. - **Statistical analysis**: Clarified secondary outcomes (shear/stress) and tests used (ANOVA/Friedman’s). - **Figure**: Replaced the summary chart with a CONSORT flow diagram. 3. **Results** - **Participant assurance**: Clarified screening methods (PHQ-9 for depression, baseline medical checks). - **Tables**: Highlighted key findings (e.g., yoga’s significant CCA improvement, *p* < 0.001). 4. **Discussion** - **Hypothetical claims**: Deleted unsupported statements (e.g., sympathetic nervous system effects). 5. **Conclusion** - **Revised**: Removed speculative language and added study limitations (small sample size, single-center design). **Additional Changes**: - Improved paraphrasing throughout to enhance clarity. - Added a "Limitations" subsection to the discussion. We believe these revisions address all concerns and hope the manuscript now meets the journal’s standards. Thank you for your time and valuable input. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Kacker S. Peer Review Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176793.r371404) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v3#referee-response-371404 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rahman M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 23 Dec 2024 | for Version 2 Mansoor Rahman , MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, India; Paediatric Physiotherapy, MGM institute of Physiotherapy, Chh. Sambhajinagar, Maharshtra, India 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rahman M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? - There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? - Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? - With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? No Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? No Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Physical Activity, Cerebral Palsy. Adapted Physical education, traditional Indian games for Physical activity for individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 23 Aug 2025 Rajagopal Kadavigere, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India Comment 1: "There is mismatch in discussion references with duration of this study intervention with the existing evidences chosen to agree the study findings." Response: We acknowledge this concern and have revised the discussion to better align our single-session intervention findings with appropriate literature. We have added clarification about the acute nature of our study and selected more relevant references for comparison. Comment 2: "Intervention procedures and descriptions were not mentioned in detail." Response: We have enhanced the methods section with detailed descriptions of all interventions, including specific postures, durations, and standardization procedures. Comment 3: "With single session to conclude requires a strong evidences with theoretical background." Response: We have strengthened the theoretical foundation and acknowledged limitations while providing evidence for acute intervention effects. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Rahman M. Peer Review Report For: Impact of yoga on the central and peripheral vascular function among desk-based workers: A single-centered trial study [version 4; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :277 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.165443.r351086) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-277/v2#referee-response-351086 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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