Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Bio Nanofluids Based Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Bio Nanofluids Based Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Bio Nanofluids Based Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Chandramohan DEVARAJAN, Dhanashekar Manikkam This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859471/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Shell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are commonly utilized in various industrial sectors, and enhancing their performance has become a key area of research. This study explores the use of different nanofluid combinations to evaluate improvements in heat transfer within STHEs. The experimental work involves the use of cold nanofluids formulated by dispersing Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and moringa oleifera ash (MOA) particles in water. Parameters such as thermal performance factor, thermal efficiency, overall heat transfer, pressure drop, convective heat transfer coefficient (CVHTC), as well as heat transfer characteristics were assessed. It was found that overall heat transfer improved in line with concentration and flow rate of nanofluids. A specific concentration level of nanofluids yielded the optimal heat transfer rate. The findings indicated a significant improvement in thermal conductivity, attributed to the formation of adsorption layers with unique surface properties on the nanoparticles. Among the tested nanofluids, the Al₂O₃ + MOA + water mixture demonstrated the most significant increase in thermal conductivity. hybrid nanofluids shell and tube heat exchanger moringa oleifera thermal efficiency heat transfer characteristics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6859471","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":470248182,"identity":"38ec1b28-e93f-4f50-a361-6c4fd27ea6e6","order_by":0,"name":"Chandramohan DEVARAJAN","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBADOXn2BiBlYEG8FmPDngMgLRLEa0lsuJEAoonQIt9+9uHngpptjI0zn1/d8KNAgoG/vTsBrxaDM+nG0jOO3WZml84pu9kDdJjEmbMb8GthSGOQ5m24zcY4OyftBg9Qi4FELn4t8v3PmH8DtfAw3DyTdvMPMVoYbqSxgWyRYLjBfuw2UbYY3HjGZs1z7LaBYU8O220ZAwkegn6R709jvs1Tc7t+PvvxZzff/LGR42/vJeAwBOAxAJPEKgcB9gekqB4Fo2AUjIIRBABaW0W6+uQ0owAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chandramohan","middleName":"","lastName":"DEVARAJAN","suffix":""},{"id":470248183,"identity":"a88bd653-041d-4912-aedf-bbbd8adfab32","order_by":1,"name":"Dhanashekar Manikkam","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dhanashekar","middleName":"","lastName":"Manikkam","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-10 06:08:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859471/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859471/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90503785,"identity":"dfd6b527-43d3-49b5-8a0e-7572da8f4692","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-03 12:09:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":413868,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedMANUSCRIPTBIOFLUID.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6859471/v1_covered_ecdcbfd2-3184-44c7-9409-db7680c8b5cc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eExperimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement on Bio Nanofluids Based Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"hybrid nanofluids, shell and tube heat exchanger, moringa oleifera, thermal efficiency, heat transfer characteristics ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859471/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6859471/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eShell-and-tube heat exchangers (STHEs) are commonly utilized in various industrial sectors, and enhancing their performance has become a key area of research. 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