Dual-objective customized design of mechanical responses and mass transport characteristics for TPMS bone scaffolds

Dual-objective customized design of mechanical responses and mass transport characteristics for TPMS bone scaffolds | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Dual-objective customized design of mechanical responses and mass transport characteristics for TPMS bone scaffolds Hangming Shen, Chaojie Song, Lihong Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7019880/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In bone tissue engineering, balancing mechanical properties and mass transport capabilities is essential for the design of porous scaffolds. This study proposes a dual-objective optimization design method based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, aiming to simultaneously meet the requirements of elastic modulus and permeability. Three types of TPMS structures—Diamond (D), Gyroid (G), and IWP—were constructed in both sheet and rod forms. The effects of structural parameters (both porosity and unit cell size) on the elastic modulus and permeability of the scaffolds were systematically investigated. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted to establish empirical formulas relating structural parameters to mechanical and transport performance, which were experimentally validated with high predictive accuracy. On this basis, orthogonal experiments and entropy weight analysis were introduced to quantitatively evaluate the influence of structural parameters on the two performance indicators, and a comprehensive performance optimization strategy was proposed. The results show that porosity is the most significant factor affecting elastic modulus, while unit cell size is the dominant factor influencing permeability. Among the structures, the IWP type demonstrates superior performance in both mechanical and transport characteristics. This study provides a theoretical foundation and quantitative tools for the personalized design of TPMS bone scaffolds, offering promising potential for clinical applications. TPMS Permeability Empirical formula Porosity Bone scaffold Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 21 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 04 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 02 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 02 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7019880","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":495897636,"identity":"5c530655-2e9f-44eb-b4f2-5bcf936ab555","order_by":0,"name":"Hangming Shen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hangming","middleName":"","lastName":"Shen","suffix":""},{"id":495897637,"identity":"24c8c37a-92ef-4eda-a164-879427711e72","order_by":1,"name":"Chaojie Song","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chaojie","middleName":"","lastName":"Song","suffix":""},{"id":495897638,"identity":"125df68b-257c-4d60-9375-f799120423e9","order_by":2,"name":"Lihong Yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPgkIncDPzHz4AVFa2GBaJNvZ0gxI02JwnkdBgjgt0j2Gnwt+1eUZH+ZhMGCosYkmrEXmjLH0zL7DxWaHeQ88YDiWlttA2GE5BtK8PQcStx3mSzBgbDhMlBbj37w9dYmbm3kMJIjVYibN84M5cQMz8VrSyqx5Gw4nzjgMDOQEYvzCL5G8+TbPn7rE/v7Dhx98qLEhrIWBgcOAgbENyk4grBwE2B8wMPwhTukoGAWjYBSMUAAAdt08KwsdMcAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Shanghai for Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lihong","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-01 11:38:29","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7019880/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7019880/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88505334,"identity":"d09eccfa-79c6-4f09-90e7-0dbaa4a0a44b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-07 07:24:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1738650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript6.30doubleanonymous.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7019880/v1_covered_83d1dea7-11df-40a2-8193-504d6d4bafd9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Dual-objective customized design of mechanical responses and mass transport characteristics for TPMS bone scaffolds","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-mechanics-and-materials-in-design","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design](https://link.springer.com/journal/10999)","snPcode":"10999","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/10999/3","title":"International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"TPMS, Permeability, Empirical formula, Porosity, Bone scaffold","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7019880/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7019880/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn bone tissue engineering, balancing mechanical properties and mass transport capabilities is essential for the design of porous scaffolds. 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