Nano-Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera: Hepato- and Nephroprotective effects of Green- Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in CCl 4 -Induced toxicity

Nano-Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera: Hepato- and Nephroprotective effects of Green- Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in CCl 4 -Induced toxicity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Nano-Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera: Hepato- and Nephroprotective effects of Green- Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in CCl 4 -Induced toxicity Usama Bin Matloob Abbasi, Imtiaz Ahmad Khan, Zaman Javed, Muhammad Akram, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492124/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Exposure to environmental toxins and xenobiotics is a major contributor to oxidative stress-mediated liver and kidney injury and remains a major global concern. Moringa oleifera , also known as miracle tree, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, limitations associated with poor bioavailability can reduce the overall effectiveness of Moringa oleifera. Purpose The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potential of M. oleifera leaf extract and its green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) against CCl 4 -induced toxicity in Wistar rats. Methods Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using aqueous leaves extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD, confirming their crystalline nature and successful formation. The synthesized AgNPs had an average diameter of 43 nm. Eighty-four rats were divided into seven groups (n = 12): Group-I (Control), Group-II (CCl), Group-III (CCl + Silymarin @ 100 mg /kg body weight), Group-IV (CCl +Moringa oleifera leaves extract @ 300 mg/ kg body weight), Group-V (CCl +Moringa oleifera leaves extract @ 500 mg/ kg body weight), Group-VI(CCl+Ag-NPs @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight), and Group-VII (CCl4 + Ag-NPs @ 4 mg/kg body weight). DPPH and H 2 O 2 antioxidant scavenging activity were assessed to check the antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera crude extract and Ag-NPs. Blood samples were collected after 24 hours after the last administration i.e. at day 30 and serum was extracted for liver function tests, renal function tests, and total proteins concentration. Histopathology of liver and kidney were performed for histoarchitectural evaluation. Results TheCCl 4− treated group showed significant increases in liver and kidney biomarkers along with a decrease in total proteins concentration and severe histoarchitectural damage, demonstrating induction of toxicity in all groups. Treatment with Moringa oleifera crude extract and its Ag-NPs ameliorated the damage in a dose-dependent manner; however MO-AgNPs @ 4mg/kg and Moringa oleifera leaves extract @ 500 mg/kg body weight showed superior efficacy by restoring liver biochemical parameters near control levels and markedly improving tissue histoarchitecture. Conclusion This study suggests that nanoformulations significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of M.oleifera , with confirmation of hepato-protective and nephro-protective potential, highlighting their promise for future drug development strategies targeting liver and kidney diseases. Biological sciences/Biochemistry Biological sciences/Biotechnology Biological sciences/Drug discovery Biological sciences/Plant sciences Moringa oleifera Drug Delivery Silver Nanoparticles Antioxidant Phytomedicine Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files UsamaAbbasi20240917tab1.docx Histopathology.docx RFT.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 23 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 12 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 12 May, 2026 Editor invited by journal 11 May, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 07 May, 2026 First submitted to journal 06 May, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9492124","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":640958039,"identity":"8bc9eebc-0de3-42a6-8b70-9b0d99b1bc74","order_by":0,"name":"Usama Bin Matloob 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Delivery, Silver Nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Phytomedicine","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492124/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492124/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eExposure to environmental toxins and xenobiotics is a major contributor to oxidative stress-mediated liver and kidney injury and remains a major global concern. \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e, also known as miracle tree, has demonstrated significant hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, limitations associated with poor bioavailability can reduce the overall effectiveness of \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study evaluated the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective potential of \u003cem\u003eM. oleifera\u003c/em\u003e leaf extract and its green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (MO-AgNPs) against CCl\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e-induced toxicity in Wistar rats.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSilver nanoparticles were synthesized by using aqueous leaves extract and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD, confirming their crystalline nature and successful formation. The synthesized AgNPs had an average diameter of 43 nm. Eighty-four rats were divided into seven groups (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12): Group-I (Control), Group-II (CCl), Group-III (CCl\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Silymarin @ 100 mg /kg body weight), Group-IV (CCl\u003cem\u003e+Moringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e leaves extract @ 300 mg/ kg body weight), Group-V (CCl\u003cem\u003e+Moringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e leaves extract @ 500 mg/ kg body weight), Group-VI(CCl+Ag-NPs @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight), and Group-VII (CCl4\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Ag-NPs @ 4 mg/kg body weight). DPPH and H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e antioxidant scavenging activity were assessed to check the antioxidant potential of \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e crude extract and Ag-NPs. Blood samples were collected after 24 hours after the last administration i.e. at day 30 and serum was extracted for liver function tests, renal function tests, and total proteins concentration. Histopathology of liver and kidney were performed for histoarchitectural evaluation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheCCl\u003csub\u003e4\u0026minus;\u003c/sub\u003etreated group showed significant increases in liver and kidney biomarkers along with a decrease in total proteins concentration and severe histoarchitectural damage, demonstrating induction of toxicity in all groups. Treatment with \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e crude extract and its Ag-NPs ameliorated the damage in a dose-dependent manner; however MO-AgNPs @ 4mg/kg and \u003cem\u003eMoringa oleifera\u003c/em\u003e leaves extract @ 500 mg/kg body weight showed superior efficacy by restoring liver biochemical parameters near control levels and markedly improving tissue histoarchitecture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study suggests that nanoformulations significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability of \u003cem\u003eM.oleifera\u003c/em\u003e, with confirmation of hepato-protective and nephro-protective potential, highlighting their promise for future drug development strategies targeting liver and kidney diseases.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Nano-Enhanced Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera: Hepato- and Nephroprotective effects of Green- Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in CCl 4 -Induced 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