Aerodynamic Characteristics Analysis of High-Speed Train Pantograph under Various Crosswind and Train Velocity Conditions

Aerodynamic Characteristics Analysis of High-Speed Train Pantograph under Various Crosswind and Train Velocity Conditions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Aerodynamic Characteristics Analysis of High-Speed Train Pantograph under Various Crosswind and Train Velocity Conditions Peilin Gong, Zhuojun Li, Yuhan Guo, Huapu Song, Chunjiang Chen, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7109385/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract As the velocity of trains continued to increase, the aerodynamic challenges posed by the complex and variable characteristics of higher-speed pantographs under different operating conditions and crosswind velocities became more pronounced. These challenges significantly compromised the stability of the pantograph, jeopardizing the safety of train operations. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various operating conditions of higher-speed pantographs, train velocities, and crosswind conditions on the non-constant aerodynamic characteristics of pantographs. Numerical simulations were conducted using the improved delayed detached-eddy simulation (IDDES) method, and the results were validated against wind tunnel test data. The results indicated that the flow field and vortex patterns in the rear region of the pantograph were significantly more intricate than those in the knuckle-upstream region. As the velocity increased, the aerodynamic lift coefficient of the upper part of the pantograph increased whereas its drag coefficient decreased; whereas for the lower part, both the aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients decreased. The overall vortex-shedding strength of the pantograph flow field increased, and the most significant changes in vortex behavior occurred in the lower part of the pantograph, particularly at the bottom. The lift of the pantograph components exhibited significant fluctuations as the crosswind velocity increased, with noticeable abrupt changes and transitions occurring at a crosswind velocity of 10 m/s. In contrast to the effects of the increase in velocity, the overall vortex structure of the pantograph exhibited superposition shifting toward the diagonal rear as the crosswind velocity increased, resulting in a more complex vortex pattern. High-Speed Train Pantograph Aerodynamic characteristics Knuckle-downstream/upstream Crosswind Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 07 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 12 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7109385","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":498775739,"identity":"2ec18bce-ec30-4d63-a518-830490686d6f","order_by":0,"name":"Peilin Gong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peilin","middleName":"","lastName":"Gong","suffix":""},{"id":498775745,"identity":"2b95e4de-5cde-4e01-a6c7-9d6cec725137","order_by":1,"name":"Zhuojun Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhuojun","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":498775746,"identity":"3990ae5e-4756-4a9f-ba72-568ae281ac50","order_by":2,"name":"Yuhan Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":498775747,"identity":"3eaab368-b47f-4e7c-b7ff-00b275c22aa2","order_by":3,"name":"Huapu Song","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huapu","middleName":"","lastName":"Song","suffix":""},{"id":498775748,"identity":"977956ed-5056-4a6b-9ac4-9a2d5276983e","order_by":4,"name":"Chunjiang Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chunjiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":498775749,"identity":"297dcb97-1a9a-4222-b360-bc2efac65490","order_by":5,"name":"Fentian Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fentian","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":498775750,"identity":"f161b5af-ad8b-4f50-8db2-9d786033881f","order_by":6,"name":"Yang Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yang","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":498775751,"identity":"1126a823-8f10-4374-95e3-ee4f4a2fff66","order_by":7,"name":"Kailong Jin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tangshan Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kailong","middleName":"","lastName":"Jin","suffix":""},{"id":498775752,"identity":"5b147957-1b9f-4b40-9705-bf0097742748","order_by":8,"name":"Sijun Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing CRRC CED Railway Electric Technology Co. 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