Cost-effective dual-frequency GNSS receivers: quality assessment for geophysical applications

Cost-effective dual-frequency GNSS receivers: quality assessment for geophysical applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cost-effective dual-frequency GNSS receivers: quality assessment for geophysical applications Mario D'Acquisto, Markus Ramatschi, Benjamin Männel This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6813613/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cost-effective multi-frequency GNSS receivers harbour opportunities for geoscientific displacement-monitoring applications, such as economically deploying large networks of accurate GNSS stations. We use the tinyBlack data logger, developed to facilitate such applications, to test the performance of such receivers. We first compare different receivers, independently of any built-in antenna quality, in a zero-baseline test. Two cost-efficient dual-frequency receivers (u-blox F9P and Swift Navigation Piksi Multi) and a tri-frequency Septentrio receiver (AsteRx-m3), housed in tinyBlacks, together with a stand-alone reference geodetic receiver (Septentrio PolaRx5), are simultaneously connected to a geodetic choke-ring antenna using a splitter. We analyse observation quality, including availability, multipath linear combinations, and signal-to-noise ratios. We process observations in a precise point positioning (PPP) scheme, with both daily-coordinate and kinematic solutions, and assess solutions and residuals. Results show the cost-efficient receivers are most affected by multipath effects and produce greater residuals and less accurate vertical coordinates, differing by more than 1 mm on average from the reference and higher-end receivers. A step-displacement test then evaluates the ability of the Piksi receiver to recover a repeated 5-cm displacement in two-hour cycles, in separate north-south and vertical subtests, using a geodetic rover antenna. We perform PPP processing without ambiguity resolution and compute the displacement in each cycle as the difference of average coordinates. Results show that the receiver can recover the average amplitude of repeated 5-cm displacements with sub-cm accuracy, also in the vertical direction, although the spread of individual recovered displacements and individual coordinates is greater than in the horizontal test. receiver test cost-efficient dual-frequency data quality zero-baseline displacement recovery Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6813613","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526573610,"identity":"e7db4e32-d8b0-409f-a03e-74e3a5e4f634","order_by":0,"name":"Mario 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Two cost-efficient dual-frequency receivers (u-blox F9P and Swift Navigation Piksi Multi) and a tri-frequency Septentrio receiver (AsteRx-m3), housed in tinyBlacks, together with a stand-alone reference geodetic receiver (Septentrio PolaRx5), are simultaneously connected to a geodetic choke-ring antenna using a splitter. We analyse observation quality, including availability, multipath linear combinations, and signal-to-noise ratios. 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