Competitive hijacking of fibrillarin by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP mediates a complex synergistic interaction

Competitive hijacking of fibrillarin by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP mediates a complex synergistic interaction | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Competitive hijacking of fibrillarin by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP mediates a complex synergistic interaction Xiaojiao Chen, Jingyi Zhang, Dengchao Deng, Yi Xu, Fan Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8449599/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Synergistic interactions among plant viruses often exacerbate disease severity, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially those involved in umbravirus and polerovirus interaction, remain poorly characterized. Results Here, we investigate the tobacco bushy top disease complex, which is primarily caused by co-infection with tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV, Umbravirus nicotianae) and tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV, Polerovirus TVDV). Our findings reveal a temporally regulated synergistic relationship: TVDV significantly enhanced TBTV accumulation up to 6 days post-inoculation (dpi), while its own replication was consistently suppressed, with marked inhibition observed at key time points. Correspondingly, co-expression of the two viruses led to elevated levels of the TBTV P3 protein but reduced accumulation of the TVDV coat protein (CP), recapitulating their respective viral accumulation dynamic. Direct interaction between P3 and CP was confirmed through BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. Further protein interaction assays further demonstrated that both P3 and CP competitively target the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (NbFib2). Functional studies demonstrated that NbFib2 is essential for systemic infection, as its silencing markedly attenuated the spread of both viruses. Conclusions Collectively, our findings demonstrate that competitive hijacking of NbFib2 by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP is essential for virus long-distance movement during co-infection, providing novel mechanistic insights into umbraviruses- poleroviruses synergism. umbraviruses poleroviruses tobacco bushy top virus tobacco vein-distorting virus synergistic interaction fibrillarin systemic infection Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformationFiles.zip Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 09 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 08 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 08 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 07 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 07 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8449599","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":572831216,"identity":"de5c82ed-4114-4455-88f1-4e45ce692d4a","order_by":0,"name":"Xiaojiao Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yunnan Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaojiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":572831217,"identity":"55f8db2a-85fd-4763-a4aa-32eb1204a4a1","order_by":1,"name":"Jingyi Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yunnan Agricultural 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interaction","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"umbraviruses, poleroviruses, tobacco bushy top virus, tobacco vein-distorting virus, synergistic interaction, fibrillarin, systemic infection","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8449599/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8449599/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSynergistic interactions among plant viruses often exacerbate disease severity, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms, especially those involved in umbravirus and polerovirus interaction, remain poorly characterized.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHere, we investigate the tobacco bushy top disease complex, which is primarily caused by co-infection with tobacco bushy top virus (TBTV, Umbravirus nicotianae) and tobacco vein distorting virus (TVDV, Polerovirus TVDV). Our findings reveal a temporally regulated synergistic relationship: TVDV significantly enhanced TBTV accumulation up to 6 days post-inoculation (dpi), while its own replication was consistently suppressed, with marked inhibition observed at key time points. Correspondingly, co-expression of the two viruses led to elevated levels of the TBTV P3 protein but reduced accumulation of the TVDV coat protein (CP), recapitulating their respective viral accumulation dynamic. Direct interaction between P3 and CP was confirmed through BiFC and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. Further protein interaction assays further demonstrated that both P3 and CP competitively target the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (NbFib2). Functional studies demonstrated that NbFib2 is essential for systemic infection, as its silencing markedly attenuated the spread of both viruses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollectively, our findings demonstrate that competitive hijacking of NbFib2 by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP is essential for virus long-distance movement during co-infection, providing novel mechanistic insights into umbraviruses- poleroviruses synergism.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Competitive hijacking of fibrillarin by TBTV P3 and TVDV CP mediates a complex synergistic interaction","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-12 19:50:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8449599/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-02-06T06:19:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-04T16:57:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-21T10:57:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"205418000698552430135305013704068271236","date":"2026-01-09T15:46:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"283805457875034178740597705128080537807","date":"2026-01-09T09:48:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T12:38:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T09:39:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T09:06:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-07T12:29:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2026-01-07T12:15:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a29e605a-0bc5-4a03-9672-b4b4ddda820e","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 12th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-16T16:01:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8449599","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08502-0","journal":{"identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Plant Biology"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-09 15:57:54","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 9th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-12 19:50:45","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08502-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08502-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8449599","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8449599","identity":"rs-8449599","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}