Development and Validation of a Spanish-Language Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale for People Who Snort Cocaine: Evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile

Development and Validation of a Spanish-Language Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale for People Who Snort Cocaine: Evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Development and Validation of a Spanish-Language Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale for People Who Snort Cocaine: Evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile Carolina Pinzón-Gómez¹, Clara Fliez Bautista³, Carlos Gantiva¹ This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cocaine use poses significant health risks. Protective behavioral strategies are effective in mitigating the negative consequences of drug use. This study aimed to develop and conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale, specifically designed for Spanish-speaking individuals who snort cocaine. This scale serves as a fundamental tool for assessing and designing harm reduction interventions. Method: A total of 550 individuals who snorted cocaine participated in the study by completing a survey assessing protective behavioral strategies, along with sociodemographics, substance use characterization, and consequence-related questionnaires. Results: Principal Component Analysis identified a seven-factor structure comprising 24 items. Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale scores were negatively associated with both cocaine consumption frequency and substance-related negative consequences, supporting its criterion-related validity. Conclusions: The findings suggest that protective behavioral strategies constitute a measurable construct that plays a critical role in reducing harm among people who use cocaine. This scale provides a standardized instrument for evaluating these strategies and serves as valuable tool for assessing protective behaviors and informing harm reduction interventions. Cocaine use Harm reduction Risk prevention Protective Behavioral Strategies Psychometric evaluation Scale development Substance use interventions 1. Introduction Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) represent a promising area for harm reduction and are defined as behaviors that individuals engage in to limit potential consequences when consuming substances (Pedersen et al., 2016 ). While PBS has primarily been studied in the context of alcohol and marijuana use, evidence consistently demonstrates an inverse relationship between the use of PBS and substance consumption, as well as a reduction in substance-related consequences (Benton et al., 2004 ; Delva et al., 2004 ; D’Lima et al., 2012 ; LaBrie et al., 2011 ; Martens et al., 2004 , 2007 , 2011 ). Furthermore, the adoption of PBS has been shown to prevent the development of substance use disorders (Pedersen et al., 2016 ) and is increasingly recognized as a central target in interventions, as PBS can mediate intervention efficacy (Barnett et al., 2007 ; Larimer et al., 2007 ). Like alcohol and marijuana users, people who use cocaine employ self-regulation strategies and self-care behaviors aimed at minimizing the harm associated with their use (Erickson & Cheung, 1999 ; Zuffa & Ronconi, 2022 ). Previous research has examined the strategies implemented by cocaine users through in-depth interviews (Pinzón-Gómez et al., 2024 ). These strategies include avoiding cocaine use altogether, preparing for its use, assessing the substance's quality, minimizing risks during use (including those related to polydrug consumption), controlling dosage, protecting administration routes, mitigating adverse effects, reducing sexual risk, avoiding legal issues, and recovering after consumption. Given that protective behaviors extend beyond the act of consumption to include preparatory and recovery strategies, as well as strategies to avoid use entirely, we adopted a broad definition of protective strategies (Prince et al., 2013 ). This definition encompasses both cognitive and behavioral strategies (Werch, 1990 ; Werch & Gorman, 1986 ) employed before, during, and after substance use, as well as those designed to prevent consumption (Sugarman & Carey, 2009 ). Accordingly, protective behavioral strategies are defined as multiple cognitive‒behavioral strategies employed by [substance] users before, during, or after [substance] used to reduce, halt, or prevent consumption and/or mitigate the risks and harms associated with [substance] use. This expanded framework provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the self-regulation practices of cocaine users and highlights the importance of developing standardized measures to assess these strategies, which can inform intervention and policy efforts. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no validated instruments currently exist to measure these strategies among individuals who snort cocaine, further underscoring the significance of this study in filling a critical gap in the field. 2. Present study This study aimed to develop a culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate instrument to assess protective strategies among Spanish-speaking individuals who snort cocaine in Latin America. Although data were collected from participants in multiple countries, the psychometric validation was conducted primarily with individuals from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile. As such, the findings reflect the contexts of these three countries and provide an initial foundation for broader regional application, pending further validation in other Latin American settings. This study focuses on assessing the strategies employed by these individuals before, during, and after cocaine use to prevent risks and reduce harm associated with intranasal cocaine consumption. Additionally, the measure captures strategies used to stop, avoid, and/or moderate consumption. This tool is essential for assessing the effectiveness of harm reduction interventions and for advancing our understanding of the relationship between cocaine use behaviors and their associated negative consequences (Novik & Boekeloo, 2011 ). By providing a validated framework for assessing protective behavioral strategies, this study contributes to both research and clinical practice, supporting the development of targeted interventions to improve health outcomes for people who snort cocaine (PWSC). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad de los Andes under registration number 1019060794. 3. Method 3.1. Participants To participate in the study, individuals were required to meet the following criteria: be of legal age, are native Spanish speakers residing in Latin American countries, have snorted cocaine within the past year, and provide informed consent. Recruitment was conducted via social media platforms associated with civil society organizations in Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. A total of 1,410 responses were obtained through the online survey. Of these, 56 participants did not provide informed consent, 6 were under the legal age, 171 reported no cocaine use in the past year, 296 indicated using cocaine via routes other than intranasal administration, and 387 did not complete the survey. After applying these eligibility criteria, 550 valid responses were included in the final sample. These 550 participants were Spanish-speaking individuals from 16 Latin American countries, with the majority residing in Mexico (28.9%), Colombia (28.4%), and Chile (21.8%). 3.2. Development of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale In a previous study, we explored the strategies implemented by cocaine users through in-depth interviews (Pinzón-Gómez et al., 2024 ). This process began with a literature review, which revealed a scarcity of relevant evidence (see S1). To address this gap, we reviewed recommendations from civil society organizations working with cocaine users from a harm reduction perspective. This initial exploration generated a list of 85 potential strategies (see S2). These strategies informed the structure of the in-depth interviews, which focused on identifying the negative consequences that users associated with cocaine use, as well as any additional risks they recognized, even if not personally experienced. The participants were then asked to describe strategies they used or believed could mitigate these risks. After completing the data collection phase, the information was analyzed, and 12 categories of strategies were identified. From this analysis, a matrix was developed to integrate participant feedback (see S3). The list was refined by adding 33 strategies and grouping 19 strategies that measured similar concepts. Additionally, 14 strategies were excluded because they were deemed ineffective or ambiguous. Strategies were included if they met two criteria: (1) they were mentioned by at least three participants, and (2) they had a scientific basis without raising concerns about potential harm. Conversely, strategies were excluded if at least six participants found them ineffective or ambiguous, resulting in a refined list of 56 strategies (see S4). After the interviews were completed, the participants were invited to evaluate the strategies. They rated the effectiveness of each strategy and assessed the clarity of its wording. Strategies that were identified as difficult to understand were revised, with some rewritten in the first person and affirmative form to enhance clarity and ensure accurate frequency assessment. The revised list was validated by seven judges. Each judge evaluated the strategies on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicated "Does not meet the criteria," and 4 indicated "High Level" of (1) coherence, (2) relevance, and (3) clarity. Items with mean ratings of 3.6 or higher were retained, whereas those with lower scores were adjusted for clarity. No additional items were added, resulting in the final list (see S5 and S6). To quantitatively assess how cocaine users implement protective behavioral strategies, we conducted an online survey via the Qualtrics platform (see S7). The participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they engaged in the behaviors via a contingent frequency response scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The survey was distributed via social media, and the data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and correlational analyses, including means, standard deviations, proportions, and Pearson correlations. The scale was constructed on the basis of established tools for measuring protective behavioral strategies related to other substances (PBS) (Martens et al., 2005 ; Novik & Boekeloo, 2011 ; Pearson, 2013 ; Prince et al., 2013 , 2019 ). The strategies were organized into four subscales: (1) Before consumption: Strategies for preparation, such as planning and assessing substance quality. (2) During consumption: Strategies to reduce risks related to administration routes, adulteration, overdose, immediate adverse effects, sexual risks, and legal issues. (3) After consumption: Strategies for recovery and mitigating the aftermath of use. (4) Moderation and selective avoidance: Strategies to moderate consumption or avoid use altogether when risks are deemed too high. The final scale was validated via a frequency-contingent response format (Kite et al., 2013 ). A large-scale survey was distributed via social media via Qualtrics®, which invited Spanish-speaking cocaine users from Latin America to participate. The participants rated their engagement with the listed behaviors on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always), providing robust data for further analysis and validation of the scale's psychometric properties. 3.3. Other measures 3.3.1. Demographics Participants provided information on their age, country, gender, sexual orientation, race, educational level, and socioeconomic status. 3.3.2. Cocaine Use Data on cocaine use were collected through a detailed questionnaire. Participants reported their consumption history, i.e., use in the past year and preferred route of administration. Patterns of use: Age of onset, duration of use, frequency of use in the past three months, and cravings or desire for consumption during that period. Consumption quantities: Amount used per session (in grams), number of doses (e.g., hits, lines, or staples) per session. Polydrug use: Substances commonly used concurrently with cocaine. Health outcomes: Number of lifetime overdoses. 3.3.3. Cocaine Negative Consequences Checklist To assess the adverse consequences of cocaine use, the Cocaine Negative Consequences Checklist (Michalec et al., 1996) was utilized. This validated instrument includes 75 items capturing short-term and long-term consequences of cocaine consumption, categorized into four domains: (1) Physical health: 33 items (e.g., fatigue, cardiovascular issues). (2) Emotional/Psychological: 26 items (e.g., anxiety, depression). (3) Social/Relationships: 90 items (e.g., conflicts, isolation). (4) Legal/financial: 12 items (e.g., arrests, financial struggles). Participants marked with an 'X' the problems they had experienced due to cocaine use. The total score represented the cumulative number of negative consequences reported. The scale has demonstrated high reliability and validity, providing a robust measure of the harm associated with cocaine consumption. 3.4. Analytic Strategy Skewness and kurtosis levels were analyzed to identify items that fell outside reasonable bounds. Following this, correlations with other items were examined to identify items with low contributions to the construct or, conversely, items that were redundant. To assess data adequacy for factor analysis, the Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin index and Bartlett's test of sphericity were calculated. We employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as the initial approach to determine the factorial structure of the scale items. PCA was chosen because the aim of the analysis was to identify interpretable latent constructs (Fabrigar et al., 1999 ). PCA allows for data summarization without losing much information and facilitates the exploration of patterns in the data rather than imposing theoretical constructs that are expected to emerge (Brown, 2009 ; Meglen, 1991 ). Additionally, it enables consideration of the maximum amount of variance in the correlation matrix, including the unique variance of each variable, the common variance among variables, and the error variance (Brown, 2009 ), which is important information to examine in this initial stage. Factor loadings or scores equal to or greater than .40 were considered the criterion for item inclusion in each factor. From the final item solution, we assessed the reliability, means, standard deviations, factor loadings, and item communalities of the resulting scale items, as well as the reliability of each of the subscales. We also examined the correlations between items, as excessively high correlations (above 0.90) can lead to multicollinearity issues or suggest that items capture the same construct. No item-level correlations above the threshold of 0.90 were found. Finally, criterion validity was assessed to further evaluate the psychological validity of the scale. To this end, a correlation matrix was calculated to assess the bivariate associations between the final solution, cocaine consumption frequency, and cocaine-related consequences. The data were analyzed with JASP, an open-source statistics program. 4. Results 4.1. Sample Description Participants were recruited from 16 Hispanic countries, with the majority originating from Colombia (28%) and Mexico (28%). The sample consisted of 59% males, 66% identified as heterosexual, 61% as mestizo, 47% as professionals, and 54% from the upper socioeconomic class (see Table 1). Table 1 Demographics Demographics N % Country Distribution Argentina 32 5.818 Bolivia 1 0.182 Chile 120 21.818 Colombia 156 28.364 Costa Rica 7 1.273 Cuba 1 0.182 Ecuador 5 0.909 Guatemala 3 0.545 Mexico 159 28.909 Nicaragua 8 1.455 Otro 9 1.636 Panama 1 0.182 Paraguay 1 0.182 Peru 35 6.364 Uruguay 4 0.727 Venezuela 8 1.455 Gender Identity Male 327 59.455 Transgender male 1 0.182 Female 202 36.727 Non-binary 15 2.727 Other 1 0.182 Prefer not to answer 4 0.727 Sexual orientation Bisexual 107 19.455 Heterosexual 366 66.545 Homosexual 57 10.364 Not sure 8 1.455 Other 8 1.455 Prefer not to answer 4 0.727 Race/Ethnicity Afrodescendant 9 1.636 Asian 2 0.364 White 141 25.636 Indigenous 13 2.364 Demographics N % Race/Ethnicity Mestizo 338 61.455 Prefer not to answer 47 8.545 Educational level High school 114 20.727 Postgraduate 77 14.000 Professional 262 47.636 Secondary 17 3.091 Technical 59 10.727 Technological 21 3.818 Socioeconomic Level 0 1 0.182 1 1 0.182 2 3 0.545 3 11 2.000 4 33 6.000 5 97 17.636 6 103 18.727 7 138 25.091 8 130 23.636 9 24 4.364 10 9 1.636 Note: N represents the number of participants. Percentages (%) are based on the total sample size (N = 550). Some categories may not sum to 100% due to rounding. ---Table 1--- All participants reported snorting cocaine in the past year, as required by the study’s inclusion criteria. Additional routes of administration included inhalation (5%) and injection (1%). Regarding their consumption history, 43% of participants began using cocaine between the ages of 19 and 25, and 34% reported using cocaine for more than six years. In terms of recent use, 58% had used cocaine at least once in the past three months, and 28% reported consuming at least 1 gram during a single session. Polydrug use was highly prevalent among participants. Only 1% reported using cocaine exclusively, while 92% reported using it with alcohol, 69% with tobacco, 66% with cannabis, 34% with amphetamine-type stimulants, 31% with hallucinogens, 13% with sedatives, 5% with inhalants, and 3% with opioids. Adverse effects and consequences of cocaine use were common in the sample. Cravings for cocaine were reported by 31% of participants in the past three months, and 11% reported experiencing at least one lifetime overdose. Negative consequences from cocaine use were reported by 54% of participants, who experienced between 1 and 15 such effects. The most frequently reported physical consequences included fatigue or tiredness (53.27%), loss of appetite (52.90%), and lack of sleep or sleeping very little (52.72%). Common psychological consequences were irritability and agitation (45.63%), sadness (44.36%), and nervousness or anxiety (40.18%). Among the social consequences, arriving late to work or school (34.18%), hiding things from others (33.09%), and social isolation (31.63%) were the most cited. Finally, the legal consequences most commonly reported were driving under the influence of cocaine (15.27%), inability to pay bills (12.00%), and involvement in drug trafficking (9.09%) (see Table 2). Table 2 Sample Description Sample Description N % Routes of administration Inhaled (intranasal) 550 100.000 Smoked 31 5.636 Injected 6 1.091 Age of onset of use Before 12 years old 6 1.091 13–18 years old 215 39.091 19–25 years old 241 43.818 26–30 years old 68 12.364 30–35 years old 14 2.545 Over 36 years old 6 1.091 Years of use Between four and six years 111 20.182 Between one and three years 176 32.000 Over six years 188 34.182 Less than one year 75 13.636 Frequency in the last three months Monthly 155 28.182 Never 186 33.818 Sample Description N % Frequency in the last three months Weekly 30 5.455 One or two times 135 24.545 Anxiety in the last three months Monthly 80 14.545 Never 377 68.545 Weekly 31 5.636 One or two times 62 11.273 Amount of cocaine 0.2 grams 89 16.182 0.5 grams 139 25.273 Two grams 60 10.909 More than two grams 49 8.909 Not sure of the amount 57 10.364 One gram 156 28.364 Intoxications / Overdoses Once 37 6.727 Twice 15 2.727 More than two times 12 2.182 Sample Description N % Intoxications / Overdoses None 486 88.364 Mixing with other substances Tobacco 382 69.455 Alcohol 507 92.182 Mixing with other substances Cannabis 363 66.000 Amphetamine-type stimulants 188 34.182 Inhalants 31 5.636 Sedatives 73 13.273 Hallucinogens 173 31.455 Opioids 20 3.636 None 10 1.818 Consequences of cocaine use Total consequences 1–25 408 73454,727 26–50 113 14007,546 51–75 15 2,73 Sample Description N % Total consequences 0 14 2545 Physical health Fatigue/fired 77 293 53.273 Appetite loss 291 52.909 Sleep too little 85 290 52.727 Excessive tobacco us 224 40.727 Excessive alcohol us 213 38.727 Low energy 207 37.636 Headaches 188 34.182 Tremulous (shaky) 49 183 33.273 Nose sores or bleeding 182 33.091 Hyperactive 53 160 29.091 Decreased sex drive 156 28.364 Blackouts (not remembering what you did) 146 26.545 Serf-destructive 49 133 24.182 Sample Description N % Physical health Sleep too much 129 23.455 Chest pain (s) 109 19.818 Excessive weight loss 86 15.636 Other pain(s) 57 10.364 Lost consciousness 33 6.000 Medical hospitalization 20 3.636 Emotional/ Psychological Irritable/agitated 251 45.636 Sad 244 44.364 Nervous/anxious 221 40.182 Suspicious/paranoid 206 37.455 Thoughts racing 197 35.818 Guilty/ashamed 181 32.909 Difficulty concentrating 180 32.727 Depressed 178 32.364 Sample Description N % Emotional/ Psychological Feeling hopeless 162 29.455 Angry 161 29.273 Lost interest in usual activities 158 28.727 Apathetic (don't care about much) 157 28.545 Difficulty organizing 153 27.818 Difficulty paying attention 153 27.818 Feeling worthless 153 27.818 Forgetful/memory difficulties 139 25.273 Feeling inadequate 133 24.182 Suicidal thoughts 104 18.909 Panic attacks 84 15.273 Euphoric (uncontrollably elated) 76 13.818 Heard voices or noises that weren't there 72 13.091 Disoriented 55 10.000 Sample Description N % Emotional/ Psychological Thoughts slowed 50 9.091 Saw things that weren't there 46 8.364 Suicidal/attempt(s) 29 5.273 Psychiatric hospitalization 15 2.727 Social/Relationship Late for work or school 188 34.182 Hiding things from others 182 33.091 Withdrawn socially 174 31.636 Lying to others 168 30.545 Reduced productivity 154 28.000 Missed work or school 150 27.273 Financial difficulty 144 26.182 Arguments with family members 141 25.636 Harmed relationship with spouse (girlfriend/boyfriend) 128 23.273 Compromised sexual values or behavior 120 21.818 Sample Description N % Social/Relationship Loss of friends 72 13.091 Uncooperative 68 12.364 Harmed relationship with friend(s) 68 12.364 Less involved in your job 62 11.273 Physical fights 45 8.182 Breakup with girlfriend or boyfriend 45 8.182 Arguments with coworkers 44 8.000 Lost job 41 7.455 Harmed relationship with coworker(s) 27 4.909 Breakup of marriage 23 4.182 Legal Driving under the influence of any substance 84 15.273 Unable to pay bills 66 12.000 Dealt drugs 50 9.091 Stealing/theft 26 4.727 Sample Description N % Legal Car accident 24 4.364 Arrested 23 4.182 Destroyed property 20 3.636 Evicted 5 0.909 Jail/prison 5 0.909 Property repossessed 3 0.545 Note: N represents the number of participants. Responses may not sum to 100% as participants could select multiple responses for certain variables (e.g., substance co-use). ---Table 2--- 4.2. Statistical Analysis Statistical Assumptions. To ensure the data met the assumptions required for Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an initial analysis of skewness and kurtosis levels was performed for the scale items. Items exceeding the established thresholds in the literature (skewness < 1.5, kurtosis < 1.8) (West et al., 2020) were removed. The correlations between the remaining items were subsequently examined. No correlations above .70 were identified, confirming the absence of redundancy among items. Items with correlations below .20, considered to contribute minimally to the construct, were also removed. Communalities, which represent the proportion of variance in each item explained by the extracted factors ranged from 0.398 to 0.774, indicating moderate explanatory strength. Sampling Adequacy. To evaluate the appropriateness of the data for PCA, the Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin (KMO) index and Bartlett's test of sphericity were conducted. The KMO index yielded a value of 0.837, which is considered good (Kaiser, 1974). Bartlett's test of sphericity compared the correlation matrix and yielded a test statistic of (6,383,984) = 780.000, p < .001, indicating a significant relationship between the variables (Bartlett, 1950). These results confirmed the suitability of the data for PCA, providing a robust foundation for subsequent analyses. Estimation Specifications. The extraction method used for this study was Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which aims to reduce the number of variables by identifying surrogate factors that represent multiple variables while retaining the variance present in the original data. Given the expectation that multiple dimensions could be intercorrelated, a direct nonorthogonal oblimin rotation was applied to enhance the interpretability of the extracted factors (Abdi, 2003; Clarkson & Jennrich, 1988). Factor Structure. The results of the PCA revealed a 7-factor solution that collectively explained 36.8% of the total variance. Each factor demonstrated loadings above the threshold of .40, ensuring meaningful contributions to the construct. The first factor, labeled “Physical care”, had an eigenvalue of 7.687 and explained 7.0% of the variance. This factor included items related to maintaining physical well-being during and after cocaine use. The second factor, “Cocaine dosing”, had an eigenvalue of 2.841 and accounted for 6.7% of the variance, with a focus on strategies for regulating dosage during consumption. The third factor, “Avoidance” and cessation of cocaine use”, with an eigenvalue of 1.923 and explaining 6.6% of the variance, addressed strategies to avoid or stop cocaine use in high-risk situations. The fourth factor, “Planning the consumption session”, had an eigenvalue of 1.840 and explained 5.3% of the variance, including items related to preparation and planning prior to cocaine use. The remaining three factors— “Prevention of sexual risk”, “Cessation of cocaine Use during the session”, and “Administration route care”—each grouped only two items but were retained due to their theoretical importance. These factors had eigenvalues of 1.616, 1.430, and 1.371, respectively, explaining between 3.4% and 4.3% of the variance. The items related to these factors focused on minimizing the risks associated with sexual behaviors, stopping use during a session, and protecting administration routes. Reliability and Item Analysis. The final scale included 24 items, detailed in Table 3, along with their means, standard deviations, factor loadings, and communalities. The overall scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with both Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s ω calculated at 0.844. Subscale reliability values varied, with “Physical care” achieving a Cronbach’s α of 0.750 and McDonald’s ω of 0.756, while “Cocaine dosing” and “Avoidance and cessation” both showed strong reliability, with α and ω values exceeding 0.730. “Planning the consumption session” had slightly lower reliability, with α = 0.669 and ω = 0.678. For the last three factors, the α values ranged from 0.635 to 0.730, although McDonald’s ω could not be calculated for all factors because of the limited number of items. Table 3 Means, Standard Deviations, Standardized Factor Loadings, and Communalities of RPHRS Items. M SD Standardized Factor Loadings h² Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 47 Me hidrato con agua o suero después de consumir cocaína. 4,035 1,224 0,702 0,433 45 Descanso después de consumir cocaína. 4,045 1,159 0,643 0,486 46 Me alimento después de consumir cocaína. 3,582 1,289 0,635 0,548 32 Cuando consumo cocaína tomo agua. 3,791 1,288 0,522 0,645 21 En cada ocasión de consumo, establezco una cantidad de cocaína límite para consumir y no la sobrepaso. 3,02 1,383 0,626 0,559 31 Cuando consumo cocaína al mismo tiempo con otras sustancias modero o disminuyo la cantidad de ambas. 3,292 1,22 0,479 0,611 22 En cada ocasión de consumo, establezco una cantidad de dinero para gastar en cocaína y no la sobrepaso. 3,629 1,37 0,472 0,637 23 Después de un tiempo sin consumir cocaína, si decido que quiero volver a consumir, reduzco la cantidad. 2,989 1,331 0,465 0,733 25 Dejo pasar al menos una hora entre una dosis (pase, línea, grapa) y la siguiente. 2,68 1,172 0,421 0,755 24 Inicio con una dosis baja de cocaína y dependiendo de como me siento decido si quiero consumir más. 3,66 1,384 0,401 0,655 54 Cuando no quiero consumir cocaína, dirijo o pongo mi atención a otros aspectos importantes de mi vida como el trabajo, estudio, la familia o amigos. 3,924 1,248 0,837 0,315 53 Cuando no quiero consumir cocaína, realizo otras actividades que disfruto como por ejemplo ir a comer, ir al cine, salir con personas que no consumen cocaína, etc. 3,871 1,259 0,828 0,322 55 Cuando no quiero consumir cocaína, busco realizar actividades que me ayudan a manejar el deseo o la ansiedad, como hacer deporte o meditar. 3,515 1,388 0,717 0,447 6 Adquiero con anterioridad la sustancia y no en la fiesta, el festival o en la calle. 3,795 1,359 0,642 0,558 7 Adquiero la cocaína de una fuente confiable, por ejemplo un vendedor(a) al que frecuento o un amigo(a) o conocido(a). 4,118 1,153 0,622 0,613 10 Guardo la cocaína y los instrumentos que uso para consumirla en un lugar adecuado para evitar problemas con otras personas, por ejemplo con la policía o mi familia. 4,135 1,374 0,466 0,774 1 Planeo mi consumo, determinando las condiciones bajo las que voy a consumir. 3,445 1,375 0,458 0,681 13 Consumo cocaína en ambientes que considero seguros, por ejemplo en una casa. 3,944 1,06 0,413 0,737 39 Utilizo preservativos/condones durante las relaciones sexuales que tengo bajo los efectos de la cocaína. 3,328 1,494 0,994 0,005 38 Llevo conmigo preservativos/condones. 2,764 1,541 0,599 0,625 37 Detengo el consumo de cocaína si se presenta una situación difícil de manejar como por ejemplo una riña, un conflicto con la ley, si alguien se accidenta o le da una sobredosis. 4,034 1,329 0,518 0,571 34 Detengo el consumo de cocaína si percibo efectos negativos como por ejemplo ansiedad, irritabilidad, palpitaciones, dolor y/o presión en el pecho, dolor de cabeza, migraña, convulsiones, sangrado nasal, dificultad para respirar, etc. 4,005 1,254 0,447 0,526 43 Limpio mis fosas nasales con agua o suero después de una ocasión de consumo. 2,844 1,519 0,76 0,398 44 Humecto mis fosas nasales con bálsamo, aceite o crema después del consumo de cocaína. 1,947 1,311 0,554 0,616 Items Removed for Exceeding Skewness and Kurtosis Limits 4 (I) Consumo cocaína antes de un evento importante (p.ej. un examen, una entrevista de trabajo o una competencia deportiva). 4,669 0,63 18 Deshago los pedazos grandes de cocaína pulverizándolos, picándolos o triturándolos. 4,551 0,971 29 (I) Consumo cocaína cuando otros me presionan. 4,695 0,602 Items Discarded Due to Low Correlation with the Construct 2 (I) Consumo cocaína cuando siento malestar físico (dolor corporal, cansancio) o durante el curso de una enfermedad. 4,595 0,707 3 (I) Consumo cocaína cuando siento malestar emocional (tristeza, ansiedad, etc.) 4,384 0,794 9 (I) Tengo varios proveedores de cocaína disponibles. 4,056 0,813 11 (I) Consumo cocaína solo(a). 4,164 0,851 15 Utilizo pitillos/popotes desechables para aspirar cocaína. 2,436 1,363 16 (I) Utilizo billetes como instrumentos para aspirar cocaína. 4,176 0,849 19 Alterno mis fosas nasales al aspirar cocaína, es decir, aspiro cocaina primero por una fosa nasal y luego por la otra. 4,142 1,226 20 (I) Comparto con otras personas los instrumentos que uso para consumir cocaína, por ejemplo tubos, tarjetas, cucharas o llaves. 4,1 0,842 28 (I) Consumo cocaína que me ofrecen o regalan otras personas. 3,898 0,839 30 (I) Consumo otras sustancias al mismo tiempo con la cocaína, por ejemplo alcohol, tabaco, marihuana, éxtasis, etc. 4,251 0,795 36 Cuando siento efectos negativos más intensos con la cocaína (palpitaciones, dolor y/o presión en el pecho, dolor de cabeza, migraña, convulsiones, sangrado nasal, dificultad para respirar, etc.) busco atención profesional. 1,876 1,265 40 Llevo conmigo una cantidad permitida de cocaína en el país en que me encuentro (dosis mínima legal). 2,829 1,648 41 (I) Conduzco un vehículo u opero una máquina bajo los efectos de la cocaína. 4,52 0,781 56 (I) Tengo disponible una dosis de reserva de cocaína, por ejemplo en mi billetera, cartera o en mi hogar. 1,925 1,297 Items Discarded Due to Factor Loadings < .40 in PCA 5 Me alimento antes de una ocasión de consumo de cocaína. 3,455 1,318 8 Evalúo/checo/verifico la calidad o pureza de la cocaína antes de consumirla, por ejemplo por su aspecto, olor, sabor, efecto de una pequeña cantidad sobre la lengua o haciendo uso de pruebas de detección de cocaína o servicios de análisis de sustancias. 2,902 1,458 12 Consumo cocaína en compañía de personas en quien(es) confío. 4,189 1,049 14 (I) Consumo cocaína aunque sospeche o sepa que está adulterada o es de mala calidad. 4,16 0,816 17 Antes de consumir desinfecto con alcohol o cloro los instrumentos (tarjetas, cucharas o llaves) que voy a usar para el consumo. 1,811 1,194 26 Cuando estoy sudando excesivamente por consumir cocaína, me muevo a un lugar mas ventilado. 3,781 1,086 27 Cuando siento que mi corazón late rápidamente por consumir cocaína, me retiro a descansar al menos por un momento. 3,652 1,251 33 Mastico chicles (goma de mascar) o como dulces para evitar la tensión de la mandíbula. 3,047 1,484 35 Cuando siento efectos negativos con la cocaína (ansiedad, mal viaje o estimulación excesiva), trato de calmarme controlando mi respiración. 4,109 1,127 42 Tomo un transporte seguro cuando estoy bajo el efecto de la cocaína (un conductor designado o un servicio público). 3,638 1,407 48 Realizo actividades que disfruto para contrarrestar el bajón (un estado de ánimo negativo que aparece después del consumo de cocaína). 3,459 1,298 49 Cuando me expongo a una situación de riesgo (por ejemplo golpes, lesiones o relaciones sexuales sin protección), busco atención médica o jurídica para atender las consecuencias negativas. 2,255 1,42 50 (I) Consumo más cocaína para evitar el bajón (un estado de ánimo negativo que aparece después del consumo de cocaina). 4,368 0,771 51 Dejo pasar al menos tres semanas entre una ocasión de consumo y la otra. 3,035 1,332 52 Disminuyo la cantidad y frecuencia del consumo de cocaína si percibo efectos negativos en diferentes áreas de mi vida como por ejemplo problemas físicos, psicológicos o sociales (familiares, laborales/académicos, económicos, legales, etc.) 3,636 1,255 57 Busco asesoría de un profesional de la salud (un psicólogo/a, médico/a o consejero/a en adicciones) si percibo efectos negativos por el consumo de cocaína, como incapacidad para moderar el consumo, problemas físicos, psicológicos o sociales. 2,471 1,525 Note: Factor loadings were obtained using Principal Component Analysis with direct oblimin rotation. Loadings below .40 were suppressed. Communality (h²) represents the proportion of variance in each item explained by the factors. While most items were frequently endorsed by participants, a few had mean scores below 2.8 (corresponding to "occasionally"). These items were retained due to their theoretical relevance and significant contributions to the overall construct. In summary, the 7-factor model demonstrated robust reliability and validity, offering a comprehensive framework to assess protective behavioral strategies among cocaine users. The inclusion of theoretically significant factors strengthens the model's applicability for future interventions and research. ---Table 3--- Criterion-related validity. To assess the criterion-related validity of the scale, correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between the use of protective behavioral strategies, the frequency of cocaine consumption, and the negative consequences of cocaine use. Statistical significance was evaluated, and correlation patterns between the factors were analyzed. The results revealed that the total score of the protective behavioral strategies was significantly and negatively correlated with the total score of the Cocaine negative consequences checklist (r = − 1.40), indicating that greater use of these strategies was associated with fewer negative consequences. Although there was a negative relationship between the total scale score and the frequency of cocaine consumption, this relationship was not statistically significant. However, significant negative correlations were observed between the frequency of consumption and five subscales: physical care, cocaine dosing, avoidance and cessation of cocaine use, planning the consumption session, and administration route care (see Table 4). Table 4 Criterion-related validity Variable Frequency in the last 3 months Total checklist Total scale score Pearson's R -0,003 -0.14*** p-value 0,944 < .001 Physical care subscale Pearson's R -0.092* -0.179*** p-value 0,032 < .001 Cocaine dosage subscale Pearson's R -0.149*** -0.321*** p-value < .001 < .001 Cocaine use avoidance subscale Pearson's R -0.219*** -0.171*** p-value < .001 < .001 Consumption session planning subscale Pearson's R 0.293*** 0,029 p-value < .001 0,502 Subscale prevention of sexual risks Pearson's R 0,03 1.059×10 − 4 p-value 0,488 0,998 Stopping cocaine use subscale Pearson's R 0,08 0.205*** p-value 0,06 < .001 Subscale care of the route of administration Pearson's R 0.096* 0,045 p-value 0,025 0,288 Note: Pearson’s r correlations assess the relationship between the Risk Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategies Scale and both cocaine use frequency and related consequences. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 ---Table 4--- These findings suggest that while the total scale may not directly predict the frequency of use, specific strategy subscales are effective in mitigating consumption-related behaviors and consequences. This finding supports the utility of the protective behavioral strategies scale as a tool for identifying protective behaviors that reduce the harm associated with cocaine use. 5. Discussion Protective behavioral strategies are inherently complex and multidimensional, so it is not unusual for the variance to be distributed across several factors. The identification of 7 factors (physical care, cocaine dosing, avoidance and cessation of cocaine use, planning the consumption session, prevention of sexual risk and cessation of cocaine use during the session) suggests that protective behavioral involve diverse dimensions that are difficult to capture with just a few factors. The identified factors could suggest specific areas of focus for interventions and risk prevention strategies. All 24 strategies were frequently used by PWUC, indicating that the scale effectively captures the protective behaviors employed by cocaine users. Only four items had occasional frequencies ( 4.0) focused on factors such as physical care ('I hydrate with water or saline solution after consuming cocaine,' 'I rest after consuming cocaine'), avoidance and cessation of cocaine use ('I stop using cocaine if I encounter a difficult-to-handle situation, such as a fight, a conflict with the law, if someone has an accident, or if they overdose,'I stop using cocaine if I perceive negative effects such as anxiety, irritability, palpitations, chest pain, headache, migraine, seizures, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing, etc.'), and planning the cocaine consumption session ('I obtain cocaine from a reliable source, for example, a seller I frequent or a friend or acquaintance,' 'I keep cocaine and the instruments I use to consume it in a suitable place to avoid problems with other people, such as the police or my family'). A frequently employed strategy among participants was avoiding further use to manage the 'comedown' phase, contrary to the evidence that states that using again is a coping strategy to decrease negative affect afterwards (Kuntsche et al., 2005 ; Rosenberg & Feder, 2014 ; Wisener & Khoury, 2021 ). The protective behavioral strategies scale demonstrated criterion-related validity, with significant negative correlations with both the frequency of cocaine use and its associated negative consequences. This confirm previous findings that suggest an inverse relationship between the use of protective behavioral strategies and both the frequency of use (LaBrie et al., 2011 ; Martens et al., 2007 ) and related consequences (Benton et al., 2004 ; Delva et al., 2004 ; D’Lima et al., 2012 ; Martens et al., 2004 , 2007 , 2011 ). In line with results from other studies on PBS in marijuana (Prince et al., 2019 ), alcohol (Martens et al., 2004 ) and other substance use (Greń et al., 2023 ), we found a negative relationship between their use and the consequences or harms associated with cocaine use. These findings support the fact that people continue to make the decision to use for a variety of reasons (Jenkins et al., 2017 ). Harm reduction strategies recognize this reality and seek to increase the well-being of drug users, complementing efforts to decrease substance use disorders and other related harms without hindering prevention and treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a scale of this kind specifically tailored to cocaine use, and several strengths have been identified in the development of this scale. First, this study did not limit itself to a specific group or population, such as university students, which is common in research of this nature (Novik & Boekeloo, 2011 ). In addition, since we intended to create an instrument applicable to several Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, we made an effort to include participants from many of these countries, which is why we obtained such a large and diverse sample. We made this choice because, although there is no aggregate figure, there is agreement that cocaine use is increasing in this region (i.e., there is a high prevalence of consumption associated with its low cost). According to the latest studies, Colombia may have approximately 136,000 people (2.7% of the population), and Mexico may have 146,000 people (1.7% of the population), who could benefit from an instrument such as this one. The scale provides an empirically grounded instrument for assessing protective strategies in Spanish-speaking populations who use cocaine in Latin America. While its development was informed by regional evidence and civil society perspectives, its current psychometric validation is limited to data from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile. The results of this study have important implications. The ability to measure strategies implemented at the individual level with the aim of limiting the negative consequences associated with cocaine use has clinical implications. It provides prevention and treatment professionals with a potential strategy to work with their clients or patients, which we consider simple and easy to teach and implement. Similar to studies on the use of other substances (Carey et al., 2022 ; Genrich et al., 2021 ; Hummer et al., 2021 ; Montes et al., 2021 ; Terlecki et al., 2021 ), behavioral protective strategies for cocaine use can have an impact on interventions and contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug use. It is clear that while there are effective ways to intervene in cocaine use (Carroll & Onken, 2005 ; Kampman, 2019 ), many people may not pursue or achieve abstinence, making harm reduction and risk prevention valid intervention goals. This tool will also be very useful for measuring the effects of harm reduction and risk prevention interventions with PWSC. Variations of the scale could consider including a time frame (e.g., using strategies in the last 10 instances of cocaine use) and detailed daily assessments to understand how people use these strategies before, during, after, and to stop and prevent use. 6. Limitations This research has several limitations that should be considered. The factorial structure of the scale was established via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and no additional confirmatory analyses were performed. Although we split the sample to conduct PCA on one half and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the other, this approach was not pursued owing to concerns regarding sample size and power (MacCallum et al., 1996 ). With respect to data collection, all the information was obtained through self-report questionnaires. Despite ensuring participants’ anonymity, the honesty of their responses cannot be fully guaranteed, which may introduce potential biases. Efforts were made to include participants from all Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America; however, responses were received from only 15 countries. The sample had significant representation from Mexico, Chile and Colombia but limited participation from Central American countries. While the instrument's language was adapted to be broadly understandable, it is possible that some regional nuances were not fully addressed, potentially affecting comprehension in underrepresented regions. To mitigate this, participants were provided with a direct communication channel to the principal investigator for clarification during the survey process. The sample was predominantly composed of educated men with high socioeconomic status. This demographic skew is likely attributable to the recruitment method, which requires internet access and familiarity with social media platforms. Future research should strive for greater diversity in terms of gender representation and socioeconomic background to improve the generalizability of the findings. Additionally, the instrument was designed primarily to assess strategies used in party contexts, which may have excluded certain behaviors relevant to cocaine use in other settings. Given that cocaine use occurs in various contexts beyond parties, some important strategies may not be captured by this scale. Despite these limitations, this study provides a foundation for understanding the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the behavioral protective strategies scale. The instrument is a valuable tool for assessing strategies used by PWSC to mitigate negative consequences. While this study marks an important starting point, the scale would benefit from further psychometric validation. We encourage future researchers to continue exploring its clinical, educational, and preventive applications and to refine its structure for broader and more inclusive use. 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Supplementary Files S1Cocaineharmsandprotectivebehavioralstrategies.xlsx S2Firstlist.xlsx S3Matrix.xlsx S4SecondList.xlsx S5Judgevalidation.xlsx S6FinalList.xlsx S7survey.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7041559","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":482680147,"identity":"43670b22-b077-4e55-8bba-2dc1509d52a9","order_by":0,"name":"Carolina 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Psiquiatría","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Clara","middleName":"Fliez","lastName":"Bautista³","suffix":""},{"id":482680149,"identity":"7aca6a6b-6414-403d-b4bb-925ca88a7cf9","order_by":2,"name":"Carlos Gantiva¹","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de Los Andes","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlos","middleName":"","lastName":"Gantiva¹","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-03 22:23:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87923104,"identity":"399361cd-b75c-483b-b09f-092eb5ca966c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-30 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12:36:58","extension":"xlsx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":11618,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"S4SecondList.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7041559/v1/95c864e988d77e0721496efe.xlsx"},{"id":86419329,"identity":"5b309002-1d07-4523-9ae1-8434c99bee88","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-10 12:36:58","extension":"xlsx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":78515,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"S5Judgevalidation.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7041559/v1/1e5ed38401366061b7b2ad82.xlsx"},{"id":86419222,"identity":"ecd43066-fb88-4138-918c-5eeada8d9674","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-10 12:28:58","extension":"xlsx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":46629,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"S6FinalList.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7041559/v1/1a52a87fa2a4613d4697517a.xlsx"},{"id":86419211,"identity":"b5382699-2cbd-40ec-b4aa-7821ec9515b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-10 12:28:58","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64448,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"S7survey.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7041559/v1/f89465f0b3d61e601ef34cd7.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Development and Validation of a Spanish-Language Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale for People Who Snort Cocaine: Evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eProtective behavioral strategies (PBS) represent a promising area for harm reduction and are defined as behaviors that individuals engage in to limit potential consequences when consuming substances (Pedersen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). While PBS has primarily been studied in the context of alcohol and marijuana use, evidence consistently demonstrates an inverse relationship between the use of PBS and substance consumption, as well as a reduction in substance-related consequences (Benton et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Delva et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; D\u0026rsquo;Lima et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; LaBrie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, the adoption of PBS has been shown to prevent the development of substance use disorders (Pedersen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) and is increasingly recognized as a central target in interventions, as PBS can mediate intervention efficacy (Barnett et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e; Larimer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLike alcohol and marijuana users, people who use cocaine employ self-regulation strategies and self-care behaviors aimed at minimizing the harm associated with their use (Erickson \u0026amp; Cheung, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Zuffa \u0026amp; Ronconi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Previous research has examined the strategies implemented by cocaine users through in-depth interviews (Pinz\u0026oacute;n-G\u0026oacute;mez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). These strategies include avoiding cocaine use altogether, preparing for its use, assessing the substance's quality, minimizing risks during use (including those related to polydrug consumption), controlling dosage, protecting administration routes, mitigating adverse effects, reducing sexual risk, avoiding legal issues, and recovering after consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven that protective behaviors extend beyond the act of consumption to include preparatory and recovery strategies, as well as strategies to avoid use entirely, we adopted a broad definition of protective strategies (Prince et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). This definition encompasses both cognitive and behavioral strategies (Werch, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1990\u003c/span\u003e; Werch \u0026amp; Gorman, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e) employed before, during, and after substance use, as well as those designed to prevent consumption (Sugarman \u0026amp; Carey, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). Accordingly, protective behavioral strategies are defined as multiple cognitive‒behavioral strategies employed by [substance] users before, during, or after [substance] used to reduce, halt, or prevent consumption and/or mitigate the risks and harms associated with [substance] use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis expanded framework provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the self-regulation practices of cocaine users and highlights the importance of developing standardized measures to assess these strategies, which can inform intervention and policy efforts. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no validated instruments currently exist to measure these strategies among individuals who snort cocaine, further underscoring the significance of this study in filling a critical gap in the field.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Present study","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to develop a culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate instrument to assess protective strategies among Spanish-speaking individuals who snort cocaine in Latin America. Although data were collected from participants in multiple countries, the psychometric validation was conducted primarily with individuals from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile. As such, the findings reflect the contexts of these three countries and provide an initial foundation for broader regional application, pending further validation in other Latin American settings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study focuses on assessing the strategies employed by these individuals before, during, and after cocaine use to prevent risks and reduce harm associated with intranasal cocaine consumption. Additionally, the measure captures strategies used to stop, avoid, and/or moderate consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis tool is essential for assessing the effectiveness of harm reduction interventions and for advancing our understanding of the relationship between cocaine use behaviors and their associated negative consequences (Novik \u0026amp; Boekeloo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). By providing a validated framework for assessing protective behavioral strategies, this study contributes to both research and clinical practice, supporting the development of targeted interventions to improve health outcomes for people who snort cocaine (PWSC).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidad de los Andes under registration number 1019060794.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1. Participants\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo participate in the study, individuals were required to meet the following criteria: be of legal age, are native Spanish speakers residing in Latin American countries, have snorted cocaine within the past year, and provide informed consent. Recruitment was conducted via social media platforms associated with civil society organizations in Spanish-speaking Latin American countries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA total of 1,410 responses were obtained through the online survey. Of these, 56 participants did not provide informed consent, 6 were under the legal age, 171 reported no cocaine use in the past year, 296 indicated using cocaine via routes other than intranasal administration, and 387 did not complete the survey. After applying these eligibility criteria, 550 valid responses were included in the final sample.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese 550 participants were Spanish-speaking individuals from 16 Latin American countries, with the majority residing in Mexico (28.9%), Colombia (28.4%), and Chile (21.8%).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2. Development of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn a previous study, we explored the strategies implemented by cocaine users through in-depth interviews (Pinz\u0026oacute;n-G\u0026oacute;mez et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). This process began with a literature review, which revealed a scarcity of relevant evidence (see S1). To address this gap, we reviewed recommendations from civil society organizations working with cocaine users from a harm reduction perspective. This initial exploration generated a list of 85 potential strategies (see S2). These strategies informed the structure of the in-depth interviews, which focused on identifying the negative consequences that users associated with cocaine use, as well as any additional risks they recognized, even if not personally experienced. The participants were then asked to describe strategies they used or believed could mitigate these risks. After completing the data collection phase, the information was analyzed, and 12 categories of strategies were identified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom this analysis, a matrix was developed to integrate participant feedback (see S3). The list was refined by adding 33 strategies and grouping 19 strategies that measured similar concepts. Additionally, 14 strategies were excluded because they were deemed ineffective or ambiguous. Strategies were included if they met two criteria: (1) they were mentioned by at least three participants, and (2) they had a scientific basis without raising concerns about potential harm. Conversely, strategies were excluded if at least six participants found them ineffective or ambiguous, resulting in a refined list of 56 strategies (see S4).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e After the interviews were completed, the participants were invited to evaluate the strategies. They rated the effectiveness of each strategy and assessed the clarity of its wording. Strategies that were identified as difficult to understand were revised, with some rewritten in the first person and affirmative form to enhance clarity and ensure accurate frequency assessment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe revised list was validated by seven judges. Each judge evaluated the strategies on a 4-point scale, where 1 indicated \"Does not meet the criteria,\" and 4 indicated \"High Level\" of (1) coherence, (2) relevance, and (3) clarity. Items with mean ratings of 3.6 or higher were retained, whereas those with lower scores were adjusted for clarity. No additional items were added, resulting in the final list (see S5 and S6).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo quantitatively assess how cocaine users implement protective behavioral strategies, we conducted an online survey via the Qualtrics platform (see S7). The participants were asked to indicate the extent to which they engaged in the behaviors via a contingent frequency response scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The survey was distributed via social media, and the data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and correlational analyses, including means, standard deviations, proportions, and Pearson correlations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scale was constructed on the basis of established tools for measuring protective behavioral strategies related to other substances (PBS) (Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Novik \u0026amp; Boekeloo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Pearson, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Prince et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The strategies were organized into four subscales: (1) Before consumption: Strategies for preparation, such as planning and assessing substance quality. (2) During consumption: Strategies to reduce risks related to administration routes, adulteration, overdose, immediate adverse effects, sexual risks, and legal issues. (3) After consumption: Strategies for recovery and mitigating the aftermath of use. (4) Moderation and selective avoidance: Strategies to moderate consumption or avoid use altogether when risks are deemed too high.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe final scale was validated via a frequency-contingent response format (Kite et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). A large-scale survey was distributed via social media via Qualtrics\u0026reg;, which invited Spanish-speaking cocaine users from Latin America to participate. The participants rated their engagement with the listed behaviors on a scale from 1 (never) to 5 (always), providing robust data for further analysis and validation of the scale's psychometric properties.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3. Other measures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3.1. Demographics\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants provided information on their age, country, gender, sexual orientation, race, educational level, and socioeconomic status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3.2. Cocaine Use\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData on cocaine use were collected through a detailed questionnaire. Participants reported their consumption history, i.e., use in the past year and preferred route of administration. Patterns of use: Age of onset, duration of use, frequency of use in the past three months, and cravings or desire for consumption during that period. Consumption quantities: Amount used per session (in grams), number of doses (e.g., hits, lines, or staples) per session. Polydrug use: Substances commonly used concurrently with cocaine. Health outcomes: Number of lifetime overdoses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3.3. Cocaine Negative Consequences Checklist\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo assess the adverse consequences of cocaine use, the Cocaine Negative Consequences Checklist (Michalec et al., 1996) was utilized. This validated instrument includes 75 items capturing short-term and long-term consequences of cocaine consumption, categorized into four domains: (1) Physical health: 33 items (e.g., fatigue, cardiovascular issues). (2) Emotional/Psychological: 26 items (e.g., anxiety, depression). (3) Social/Relationships: 90 items (e.g., conflicts, isolation). (4) Legal/financial: 12 items (e.g., arrests, financial struggles).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Participants marked with an 'X' the problems they had experienced due to cocaine use. The total score represented the cumulative number of negative consequences reported. The scale has demonstrated high reliability and validity, providing a robust measure of the harm associated with cocaine consumption.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.4. Analytic Strategy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkewness and kurtosis levels were analyzed to identify items that fell outside reasonable bounds. Following this, correlations with other items were examined to identify items with low contributions to the construct or, conversely, items that were redundant. To assess data adequacy for factor analysis, the Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin index and Bartlett's test of sphericity were calculated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as the initial approach to determine the factorial structure of the scale items. PCA was chosen because the aim of the analysis was to identify interpretable latent constructs (Fabrigar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e). PCA allows for data summarization without losing much information and facilitates the exploration of patterns in the data rather than imposing theoretical constructs that are expected to emerge (Brown, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Meglen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, it enables consideration of the maximum amount of variance in the correlation matrix, including the unique variance of each variable, the common variance among variables, and the error variance (Brown, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e), which is important information to examine in this initial stage. Factor loadings or scores equal to or greater than .40 were considered the criterion for item inclusion in each factor.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the final item solution, we assessed the reliability, means, standard deviations, factor loadings, and item communalities of the resulting scale items, as well as the reliability of each of the subscales. We also examined the correlations between items, as excessively high correlations (above 0.90) can lead to multicollinearity issues or suggest that items capture the same construct. No item-level correlations above the threshold of 0.90 were found.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, criterion validity was assessed to further evaluate the psychological validity of the scale. To this end, a correlation matrix was calculated to assess the bivariate associations between the final solution, cocaine consumption frequency, and cocaine-related consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe data were analyzed with JASP, an open-source statistics program.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e4.1. Sample Description\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticipants were recruited from 16 Hispanic countries, with the majority originating from Colombia (28%) and Mexico (28%). The sample consisted of 59% males, 66% identified as heterosexual, 61% as mestizo, 47% as professionals, and 54% from the upper socioeconomic class (see Table\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDemographics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"16\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry Distribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArgentina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBolivia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eColombia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCosta Rica\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEcuador\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGuatemala\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMexico\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNicaragua\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOtro\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePanama\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParaguay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePeru\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUruguay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVenezuela\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender Identity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e327\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTransgender male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-binary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrefer not to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual orientation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBisexual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeterosexual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e366\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHomosexual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot sure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrefer not to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace/Ethnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfrodescendant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndigenous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace/Ethnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMestizo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrefer not to answer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostgraduate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProfessional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTechnical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTechnological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"11\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocioeconomic Level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eN represents the number of participants. Percentages (%) are based on the total sample size (N = 550). Some categories may not sum to 100% due to rounding.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---Table\u0026nbsp;1---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAll participants reported snorting cocaine in the past year, as required by the study\u0026rsquo;s inclusion criteria. Additional routes of administration included inhalation (5%) and injection (1%). Regarding their consumption history, 43% of participants began using cocaine between the ages of 19 and 25, and 34% reported using cocaine for more than six years. In terms of recent use, 58% had used cocaine at least once in the past three months, and 28% reported consuming at least 1 gram during a single session.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePolydrug use was highly prevalent among participants. Only 1% reported using cocaine exclusively, while 92% reported using it with alcohol, 69% with tobacco, 66% with cannabis, 34% with amphetamine-type stimulants, 31% with hallucinogens, 13% with sedatives, 5% with inhalants, and 3% with opioids.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdverse effects and consequences of cocaine use were common in the sample. Cravings for cocaine were reported by 31% of participants in the past three months, and 11% reported experiencing at least one lifetime overdose. Negative consequences from cocaine use were reported by 54% of participants, who experienced between 1 and 15 such effects.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe most frequently reported physical consequences included fatigue or tiredness (53.27%), loss of appetite (52.90%), and lack of sleep or sleeping very little (52.72%). Common psychological consequences were irritability and agitation (45.63%), sadness (44.36%), and nervousness or anxiety (40.18%). Among the social consequences, arriving late to work or school (34.18%), hiding things from others (33.09%), and social isolation (31.63%) were the most cited. Finally, the legal consequences most commonly reported were driving under the influence of cocaine (15.27%), inability to pay bills (12.00%), and involvement in drug trafficking (9.09%) (see Table\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSample Description\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoutes of administration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInhaled (intranasal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e550\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoked\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInjected\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge of onset of use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBefore 12 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u0026ndash;18 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;25 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;30 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;35 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOver 36 years old\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears of use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween four and six years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetween one and three years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOver six years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than one year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency in the last three months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency in the last three months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOne or two times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety in the last three months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOne or two times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmount of cocaine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5 grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwo grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than two grams\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot sure of the amount\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOne gram\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntoxications / Overdoses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than two times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntoxications / Overdoses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMixing with other substances\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTobacco\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e382\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMixing with other substances\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCannabis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmphetamine-type stimulants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInhalants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSedatives\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHallucinogens\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpioids\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsequences of cocaine use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal consequences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73454,727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14007,546\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u0026ndash;75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal consequences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFatigue/fired 77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAppetite loss\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep too little 85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExcessive tobacco us\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExcessive alcohol us\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow energy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeadaches\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTremulous (shaky) 49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNose sores or bleeding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHyperactive 53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDecreased sex drive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlackouts (not remembering what you did)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSerf-destructive 49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep too much\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChest pain (s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExcessive weight loss\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther pain(s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLost consciousness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical hospitalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmotional/ Psychological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIrritable/agitated\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSad\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNervous/anxious\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuspicious/paranoid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThoughts racing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGuilty/ashamed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty concentrating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepressed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabe\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmotional/ Psychological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling hopeless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLost interest in usual activities\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApathetic (don\u0026apos;t care about much)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty organizing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifficulty paying attention\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling worthless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForgetful/memory difficulties\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFeeling inadequate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuicidal thoughts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePanic attacks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEuphoric (uncontrollably elated)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeard voices or noises that weren\u0026apos;t there\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisoriented\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabf\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmotional/ Psychological\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThoughts slowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSaw things that weren\u0026apos;t there\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuicidal/attempt(s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePsychiatric hospitalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocial/Relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLate for work or school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHiding things from others\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWithdrawn socially\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLying to others\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReduced productivity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMissed work or school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFinancial difficulty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArguments with family members\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarmed relationship with spouse (girlfriend/boyfriend)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCompromised sexual values or behavior\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.818\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabg\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocial/Relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLoss of friends\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUncooperative\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarmed relationship with friend(s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess involved in your job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical fights\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreakup with girlfriend or boyfriend\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArguments with coworkers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLost job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarmed relationship with coworker(s)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreakup of marriage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLegal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDriving under the influence of any substance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnable to pay bills\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDealt drugs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStealing/theft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabh\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSample Description\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLegal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCar accident\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArrested\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDestroyed property\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvicted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJail/prison\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProperty repossessed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote: N represents the number of participants. Responses may not sum to 100% as participants could select multiple responses for certain variables (e.g., substance co-use).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---Table\u0026nbsp;2---\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e4.2. Statistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStatistical Assumptions.\u003c/em\u003e To ensure the data met the assumptions required for Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an initial analysis of skewness and kurtosis levels was performed for the scale items. Items exceeding the established thresholds in the literature (skewness\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1.5, kurtosis\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1.8) (West et al., 2020) were removed. The correlations between the remaining items were subsequently examined. No correlations above .70 were identified, confirming the absence of redundancy among items. Items with correlations below .20, considered to contribute minimally to the construct, were also removed.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCommunalities, which represent the proportion of variance in each item explained by the extracted factors ranged from 0.398 to 0.774, indicating moderate explanatory strength.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSampling Adequacy.\u003c/em\u003e To evaluate the appropriateness of the data for PCA, the Kaiser‒Meyer‒Olkin (KMO) index and Bartlett\u0026apos;s test of sphericity were conducted. The KMO index yielded a value of 0.837, which is considered good (Kaiser, 1974). Bartlett\u0026apos;s test of sphericity compared the correlation matrix and yielded a test statistic of (6,383,984)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;780.000, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001, indicating a significant relationship between the variables (Bartlett, 1950).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThese results confirmed the suitability of the data for PCA, providing a robust foundation for subsequent analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEstimation Specifications.\u003c/em\u003e The extraction method used for this study was Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which aims to reduce the number of variables by identifying surrogate factors that represent multiple variables while retaining the variance present in the original data. Given the expectation that multiple dimensions could be intercorrelated, a direct nonorthogonal oblimin rotation was applied to enhance the interpretability of the extracted factors (Abdi, 2003; Clarkson \u0026amp; Jennrich, 1988).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFactor Structure.\u003c/em\u003e The results of the PCA revealed a 7-factor solution that collectively explained 36.8% of the total variance. Each factor demonstrated loadings above the threshold of .40, ensuring meaningful contributions to the construct. The first factor, labeled \u0026ldquo;Physical care\u0026rdquo;, had an eigenvalue of 7.687 and explained 7.0% of the variance. This factor included items related to maintaining physical well-being during and after cocaine use. The second factor, \u0026ldquo;Cocaine dosing\u0026rdquo;, had an eigenvalue of 2.841 and accounted for 6.7% of the variance, with a focus on strategies for regulating dosage during consumption. The third factor, \u0026ldquo;Avoidance\u0026rdquo; and cessation of cocaine use\u0026rdquo;, with an eigenvalue of 1.923 and explaining 6.6% of the variance, addressed strategies to avoid or stop cocaine use in high-risk situations. The fourth factor, \u0026ldquo;Planning the consumption session\u0026rdquo;, had an eigenvalue of 1.840 and explained 5.3% of the variance, including items related to preparation and planning prior to cocaine use.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe remaining three factors\u0026mdash; \u0026ldquo;Prevention of sexual risk\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Cessation of cocaine Use during the session\u0026rdquo;, and \u0026ldquo;Administration route care\u0026rdquo;\u0026mdash;each grouped only two items but were retained due to their theoretical importance. These factors had eigenvalues of 1.616, 1.430, and 1.371, respectively, explaining between 3.4% and 4.3% of the variance. The items related to these factors focused on minimizing the risks associated with sexual behaviors, stopping use during a session, and protecting administration routes.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReliability and Item Analysis.\u003c/em\u003e The final scale included 24 items, detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;3, along with their means, standard deviations, factor loadings, and communalities. The overall scale demonstrated good internal consistency, with both Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s \u0026alpha; and McDonald\u0026rsquo;s \u0026omega; calculated at 0.844. Subscale reliability values varied, with \u0026ldquo;Physical care\u0026rdquo; achieving a Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s \u0026alpha; of 0.750 and McDonald\u0026rsquo;s \u0026omega; of 0.756, while \u0026ldquo;Cocaine dosing\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Avoidance and cessation\u0026rdquo; both showed strong reliability, with \u0026alpha; and \u0026omega; values exceeding 0.730. \u0026ldquo;Planning the consumption session\u0026rdquo; had slightly lower reliability, with \u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.669 and \u0026omega;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.678. For the last three factors, the \u0026alpha; values ranged from 0.635 to 0.730, although McDonald\u0026rsquo;s \u0026omega; could not be calculated for all factors because of the limited number of items.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMeans, Standard Deviations, Standardized Factor Loadings, and Communalities of RPHRS Items.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStandardized Factor Loadings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eh\u0026sup2;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe hidrato con agua o suero despu\u0026eacute;s de consumir coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,433\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDescanso despu\u0026eacute;s de consumir coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,045\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe alimento despu\u0026eacute;s de consumir coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,635\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,548\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando consumo coca\u0026iacute;na tomo agua.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,791\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,645\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEn cada ocasi\u0026oacute;n de consumo, establezco una cantidad de coca\u0026iacute;na l\u0026iacute;mite para consumir y no la sobrepaso.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,626\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,559\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando consumo coca\u0026iacute;na al mismo tiempo con otras sustancias modero o disminuyo la cantidad de ambas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,292\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,479\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,611\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEn cada ocasi\u0026oacute;n de consumo, establezco una cantidad de dinero para gastar en coca\u0026iacute;na y no la sobrepaso.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,637\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDespu\u0026eacute;s de un tiempo sin consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, si decido que quiero volver a consumir, reduzco la cantidad.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDejo pasar al menos una hora entre una dosis (pase, l\u0026iacute;nea, grapa) y la siguiente.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,421\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,755\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInicio con una dosis baja de coca\u0026iacute;na y dependiendo de como me siento decido si quiero consumir m\u0026aacute;s.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando no quiero consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, dirijo o pongo mi atenci\u0026oacute;n a otros aspectos importantes de mi vida como el trabajo, estudio, la familia o amigos.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,924\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,248\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,837\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando no quiero consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, realizo otras actividades que disfruto como por ejemplo ir a comer, ir al cine, salir con personas que no consumen coca\u0026iacute;na, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando no quiero consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, busco realizar actividades que me ayudan a manejar el deseo o la ansiedad, como hacer deporte o meditar.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdquiero con anterioridad la sustancia y no en la fiesta, el festival o en la calle.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,359\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,642\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,558\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdquiero la coca\u0026iacute;na de una fuente confiable, por ejemplo un vendedor(a) al que frecuento o un amigo(a) o conocido(a).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,622\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,613\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGuardo la coca\u0026iacute;na y los instrumentos que uso para consumirla en un lugar adecuado para evitar problemas con otras personas, por ejemplo con la polic\u0026iacute;a o mi familia.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,374\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,466\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlaneo mi consumo, determinando las condiciones bajo las que voy a consumir.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,681\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsumo coca\u0026iacute;na en ambientes que considero seguros, por ejemplo en una casa.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,944\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,413\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,737\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUtilizo preservativos/condones durante las relaciones sexuales que tengo bajo los efectos de la coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,494\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLlevo conmigo preservativos/condones.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,764\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,541\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,625\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDetengo el consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na si se presenta una situaci\u0026oacute;n dif\u0026iacute;cil de manejar como por ejemplo una ri\u0026ntilde;a, un conflicto con la ley, si alguien se accidenta o le da una sobredosis.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,518\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,571\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDetengo el consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na si percibo efectos negativos como por ejemplo ansiedad, irritabilidad, palpitaciones, dolor y/o presi\u0026oacute;n en el pecho, dolor de cabeza, migra\u0026ntilde;a, convulsiones, sangrado nasal, dificultad para respirar, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,447\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,526\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLimpio mis fosas nasales con agua o suero despu\u0026eacute;s de una ocasi\u0026oacute;n de consumo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,844\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,519\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHumecto mis fosas nasales con b\u0026aacute;lsamo, aceite o crema despu\u0026eacute;s del consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,311\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,554\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,616\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItems Removed for Exceeding Skewness and Kurtosis Limits\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na antes de un evento importante (p.ej. un examen, una entrevista de trabajo o una competencia deportiva).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,669\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDeshago los pedazos grandes de coca\u0026iacute;na pulveriz\u0026aacute;ndolos, pic\u0026aacute;ndolos o tritur\u0026aacute;ndolos.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,551\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,971\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na cuando otros me presionan.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,695\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,602\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItems Discarded Due to Low Correlation with the Construct\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na cuando siento malestar f\u0026iacute;sico (dolor corporal, cansancio) o durante el curso de una enfermedad.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,707\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na cuando siento malestar emocional (tristeza, ansiedad, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,794\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Tengo varios proveedores de coca\u0026iacute;na disponibles.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,813\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na solo(a).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,164\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUtilizo pitillos/popotes desechables para aspirar coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,436\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,363\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Utilizo billetes como instrumentos para aspirar coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,176\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,849\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlterno mis fosas nasales al aspirar coca\u0026iacute;na, es decir, aspiro cocaina primero por una fosa nasal y luego por la otra.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Comparto con otras personas los instrumentos que uso para consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, por ejemplo tubos, tarjetas, cucharas o llaves.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,842\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na que me ofrecen o regalan otras personas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,839\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo otras sustancias al mismo tiempo con la coca\u0026iacute;na, por ejemplo alcohol, tabaco, marihuana, \u0026eacute;xtasis, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,795\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando siento efectos negativos m\u0026aacute;s intensos con la coca\u0026iacute;na (palpitaciones, dolor y/o presi\u0026oacute;n en el pecho, dolor de cabeza, migra\u0026ntilde;a, convulsiones, sangrado nasal, dificultad para respirar, etc.) busco atenci\u0026oacute;n profesional.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,876\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLlevo conmigo una cantidad permitida de coca\u0026iacute;na en el pa\u0026iacute;s en que me encuentro (dosis m\u0026iacute;nima legal).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,829\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Conduzco un veh\u0026iacute;culo u opero una m\u0026aacute;quina bajo los efectos de la coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,781\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Tengo disponible una dosis de reserva de coca\u0026iacute;na, por ejemplo en mi billetera, cartera o en mi hogar.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,925\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"12\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItems Discarded Due to Factor Loadings\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.40 in PCA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe alimento antes de una ocasi\u0026oacute;n de consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEval\u0026uacute;o/checo/verifico la calidad o pureza de la coca\u0026iacute;na antes de consumirla, por ejemplo por su aspecto, olor, sabor, efecto de una peque\u0026ntilde;a cantidad sobre la lengua o haciendo uso de pruebas de detecci\u0026oacute;n de coca\u0026iacute;na o servicios de an\u0026aacute;lisis de sustancias.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,902\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsumo coca\u0026iacute;na en compa\u0026ntilde;\u0026iacute;a de personas en quien(es) conf\u0026iacute;o.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,049\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo coca\u0026iacute;na aunque sospeche o sepa que est\u0026aacute; adulterada o es de mala calidad.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAntes de consumir desinfecto con alcohol o cloro los instrumentos (tarjetas, cucharas o llaves) que voy a usar para el consumo.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando estoy sudando excesivamente por consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, me muevo a un lugar mas ventilado.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,781\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando siento que mi coraz\u0026oacute;n late r\u0026aacute;pidamente por consumir coca\u0026iacute;na, me retiro a descansar al menos por un momento.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,652\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMastico chicles (goma de mascar) o como dulces para evitar la tensi\u0026oacute;n de la mand\u0026iacute;bula.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando siento efectos negativos con la coca\u0026iacute;na (ansiedad, mal viaje o estimulaci\u0026oacute;n excesiva), trato de calmarme controlando mi respiraci\u0026oacute;n.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTomo un transporte seguro cuando estoy bajo el efecto de la coca\u0026iacute;na (un conductor designado o un servicio p\u0026uacute;blico).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRealizo actividades que disfruto para contrarrestar el baj\u0026oacute;n (un estado de \u0026aacute;nimo negativo que aparece despu\u0026eacute;s del consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,459\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCuando me expongo a una situaci\u0026oacute;n de riesgo (por ejemplo golpes, lesiones o relaciones sexuales sin protecci\u0026oacute;n), busco atenci\u0026oacute;n m\u0026eacute;dica o jur\u0026iacute;dica para atender las consecuencias negativas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(I) Consumo m\u0026aacute;s coca\u0026iacute;na para evitar el baj\u0026oacute;n (un estado de \u0026aacute;nimo negativo que aparece despu\u0026eacute;s del consumo de cocaina).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,368\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,771\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDejo pasar al menos tres semanas entre una ocasi\u0026oacute;n de consumo y la otra.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,332\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisminuyo la cantidad y frecuencia del consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na si percibo efectos negativos en diferentes \u0026aacute;reas de mi vida como por ejemplo problemas f\u0026iacute;sicos, psicol\u0026oacute;gicos o sociales (familiares, laborales/acad\u0026eacute;micos, econ\u0026oacute;micos, legales, etc.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBusco asesor\u0026iacute;a de un profesional de la salud (un psic\u0026oacute;logo/a, m\u0026eacute;dico/a o consejero/a en adicciones) si percibo efectos negativos por el consumo de coca\u0026iacute;na, como incapacidad para moderar el consumo, problemas f\u0026iacute;sicos, psicol\u0026oacute;gicos o sociales.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,471\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,525\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"12\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote: Factor loadings were obtained using Principal Component Analysis with direct oblimin rotation. Loadings below .40 were suppressed. Communality (h\u0026sup2;) represents the proportion of variance in each item explained by the factors.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhile most items were frequently endorsed by participants, a few had mean scores below 2.8 (corresponding to \u0026quot;occasionally\u0026quot;). These items were retained due to their theoretical relevance and significant contributions to the overall construct.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn summary, the 7-factor model demonstrated robust reliability and validity, offering a comprehensive framework to assess protective behavioral strategies among cocaine users. The inclusion of theoretically significant factors strengthens the model\u0026apos;s applicability for future interventions and research.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---Table\u0026nbsp;3---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCriterion-related validity.\u003c/em\u003e To assess the criterion-related validity of the scale, correlation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between the use of protective behavioral strategies, the frequency of cocaine consumption, and the negative consequences of cocaine use. Statistical significance was evaluated, and correlation patterns between the factors were analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results revealed that the total score of the protective behavioral strategies was significantly and negatively correlated with the total score of the Cocaine negative consequences checklist (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1.40), indicating that greater use of these strategies was associated with fewer negative consequences.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAlthough there was a negative relationship between the total scale score and the frequency of cocaine consumption, this relationship was not statistically significant. However, significant negative correlations were observed between the frequency of consumption and five subscales: physical care, cocaine dosing, avoidance and cessation of cocaine use, planning the consumption session, and administration route care (see Table\u0026nbsp;4).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCriterion-related validity\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency in the last 3 months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal checklist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal scale score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.14***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,944\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhysical care subscale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.092*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.179***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCocaine dosage subscale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.149***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.321***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCocaine use avoidance subscale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.219***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.171***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConsumption session planning subscale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.293***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubscale prevention of sexual risks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.059\u0026times;10\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStopping cocaine use subscale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.205***\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSubscale care of the route of administration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026apos;s R\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,045\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote: Pearson\u0026rsquo;s r correlations assess the relationship between the Risk Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategies Scale and both cocaine use frequency and related consequences.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e* p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.05, ** p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.01, *** p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;.001\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e---Table\u0026nbsp;4---\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThese findings suggest that while the total scale may not directly predict the frequency of use, specific strategy subscales are effective in mitigating consumption-related behaviors and consequences. This finding supports the utility of the protective behavioral strategies scale as a tool for identifying protective behaviors that reduce the harm associated with cocaine use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eProtective behavioral strategies are inherently complex and multidimensional, so it is not unusual for the variance to be distributed across several factors. The identification of 7 factors (physical care, cocaine dosing, avoidance and cessation of cocaine use, planning the consumption session, prevention of sexual risk and cessation of cocaine use during the session) suggests that protective behavioral involve diverse dimensions that are difficult to capture with just a few factors. The identified factors could suggest specific areas of focus for interventions and risk prevention strategies.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll 24 strategies were frequently used by PWUC, indicating that the scale effectively captures the protective behaviors employed by cocaine users. Only four items had occasional frequencies (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2.8), including two in the 'administration route care' category. Given their theoretical significance, these items were retained to preserve construct validity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eItems endorsed with higher frequency (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;4.0) focused on factors such as physical care ('I hydrate with water or saline solution after consuming cocaine,' 'I rest after consuming cocaine'), avoidance and cessation of cocaine use ('I stop using cocaine if I encounter a difficult-to-handle situation, such as a fight, a conflict with the law, if someone has an accident, or if they overdose,'I stop using cocaine if I perceive negative effects such as anxiety, irritability, palpitations, chest pain, headache, migraine, seizures, nosebleeds, difficulty breathing, etc.'), and planning the cocaine consumption session ('I obtain cocaine from a reliable source, for example, a seller I frequent or a friend or acquaintance,' 'I keep cocaine and the instruments I use to consume it in a suitable place to avoid problems with other people, such as the police or my family').\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA frequently employed strategy among participants was avoiding further use to manage the 'comedown' phase, contrary to the evidence that states that using again is a coping strategy to decrease negative affect afterwards (Kuntsche et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Rosenberg \u0026amp; Feder, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Wisener \u0026amp; Khoury, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe protective behavioral strategies scale demonstrated criterion-related validity, with significant negative correlations with both the frequency of cocaine use and its associated negative consequences. This confirm previous findings that suggest an inverse relationship between the use of protective behavioral strategies and both the frequency of use (LaBrie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e) and related consequences (Benton et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; Delva et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e; D\u0026rsquo;Lima et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn line with results from other studies on PBS in marijuana (Prince et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), alcohol (Martens et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2004\u003c/span\u003e) and other substance use (Greń et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e), we found a negative relationship between their use and the consequences or harms associated with cocaine use. These findings support the fact that people continue to make the decision to use for a variety of reasons (Jenkins et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Harm reduction strategies recognize this reality and seek to increase the well-being of drug users, complementing efforts to decrease substance use disorders and other related harms without hindering prevention and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a scale of this kind specifically tailored to cocaine use, and several strengths have been identified in the development of this scale. First, this study did not limit itself to a specific group or population, such as university students, which is common in research of this nature (Novik \u0026amp; Boekeloo, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, since we intended to create an instrument applicable to several Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America, we made an effort to include participants from many of these countries, which is why we obtained such a large and diverse sample.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe made this choice because, although there is no aggregate figure, there is agreement that cocaine use is increasing in this region (i.e., there is a high prevalence of consumption associated with its low cost). According to the latest studies, Colombia may have approximately 136,000 people (2.7% of the population), and Mexico may have 146,000 people (1.7% of the population), who could benefit from an instrument such as this one.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe scale provides an empirically grounded instrument for assessing protective strategies in Spanish-speaking populations who use cocaine in Latin America. While its development was informed by regional evidence and civil society perspectives, its current psychometric validation is limited to data from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results of this study have important implications. The ability to measure strategies implemented at the individual level with the aim of limiting the negative consequences associated with cocaine use has clinical implications. It provides prevention and treatment professionals with a potential strategy to work with their clients or patients, which we consider simple and easy to teach and implement. Similar to studies on the use of other substances (Carey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Genrich et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Hummer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Montes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Terlecki et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), behavioral protective strategies for cocaine use can have an impact on interventions and contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of drug use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt is clear that while there are effective ways to intervene in cocaine use (Carroll \u0026amp; Onken, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Kampman, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), many people may not pursue or achieve abstinence, making harm reduction and risk prevention valid intervention goals. This tool will also be very useful for measuring the effects of harm reduction and risk prevention interventions with PWSC. Variations of the scale could consider including a time frame (e.g., using strategies in the last 10 instances of cocaine use) and detailed daily assessments to understand how people use these strategies before, during, after, and to stop and prevent use.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis research has several limitations that should be considered. The factorial structure of the scale was established via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and no additional confirmatory analyses were performed. Although we split the sample to conduct PCA on one half and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on the other, this approach was not pursued owing to concerns regarding sample size and power (MacCallum et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1996\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith respect to data collection, all the information was obtained through self-report questionnaires. Despite ensuring participants\u0026rsquo; anonymity, the honesty of their responses cannot be fully guaranteed, which may introduce potential biases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to include participants from all Spanish-speaking countries in Latin America; however, responses were received from only 15 countries. The sample had significant representation from Mexico, Chile and Colombia but limited participation from Central American countries. While the instrument's language was adapted to be broadly understandable, it is possible that some regional nuances were not fully addressed, potentially affecting comprehension in underrepresented regions. To mitigate this, participants were provided with a direct communication channel to the principal investigator for clarification during the survey process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sample was predominantly composed of educated men with high socioeconomic status. This demographic skew is likely attributable to the recruitment method, which requires internet access and familiarity with social media platforms. Future research should strive for greater diversity in terms of gender representation and socioeconomic background to improve the generalizability of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the instrument was designed primarily to assess strategies used in party contexts, which may have excluded certain behaviors relevant to cocaine use in other settings. Given that cocaine use occurs in various contexts beyond parties, some important strategies may not be captured by this scale.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite these limitations, this study provides a foundation for understanding the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the behavioral protective strategies scale. The instrument is a valuable tool for assessing strategies used by PWSC to mitigate negative consequences. While this study marks an important starting point, the scale would benefit from further psychometric validation. We encourage future researchers to continue exploring its clinical, educational, and preventive applications and to refine its structure for broader and more inclusive use.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe extend our gratitude to the Hispanic American civil society organizations that supported the dissemination of the survey: Deliberar, Reduciendo en Da\u0026ntilde;o, Proyecto Soma, Corporaci\u0026oacute;n Sapiencia, Corporaci\u0026oacute;n Acci\u0026oacute;n T\u0026eacute;cnica Social, Conexiones psicoactivas, Latinoam\u0026eacute;rica por una Pol\u0026iacute;tica Sensata de Drogas, Lugo y las Drogas, Intercambios AC, Revista Mate, Instituto RIA.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by Universidad de los Andes, Award Number: 1019060794.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdi, H. 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Drugs, discipline and death: Causes and predictors of mortality among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, 2011\u0026ndash;2018. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Drug Policy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e75\u003c/em\u003e, 102601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.11.009\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWisener, M., \u0026amp; Khoury, B. (2021). Specific emotion-regulation processes explain the relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with coping-motivated alcohol and marijuana use. \u003cem\u003eAddictive Behaviors\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e112\u003c/em\u003e, 106590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106590\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZuffa, G., \u0026amp; Ronconi, S. (2022). Cocaine and stimulants, the challenge of self-regulation in a harm reduction perspective. \u003cem\u003eEpidemiology, Biostatistics, and Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e12\u003c/em\u003e(1). https://doi.org/10.2427/11175\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cocaine use, Harm reduction, Risk prevention, Protective Behavioral Strategies, Psychometric evaluation, Scale development, Substance use interventions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCocaine use poses significant health risks. Protective behavioral strategies are effective in mitigating the negative consequences of drug use. This study aimed to develop and conduct an initial psychometric evaluation of the Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale, specifically designed for Spanish-speaking individuals who snort cocaine. This scale serves as a fundamental tool for assessing and designing harm reduction interventions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod: \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 550 individuals who snorted cocaine participated in the study by completing a survey assessing protective behavioral strategies, along with sociodemographics, substance use characterization, and consequence-related questionnaires.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003ePrincipal Component Analysis identified a seven-factor structure comprising 24 items. Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale scores were negatively associated with both cocaine consumption frequency and substance-related negative consequences, supporting its criterion-related validity.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003eThe findings suggest that protective behavioral strategies constitute a measurable construct that plays a critical role in reducing harm among people who use cocaine. This scale provides a standardized instrument for evaluating these strategies and serves as valuable tool for assessing protective behaviors and informing harm reduction interventions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Development and Validation of a Spanish-Language Protective Behavioral Strategies Scale for People Who Snort Cocaine: Evidence from Mexico, Colombia, and Chile","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-10 12:28:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7041559/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9c7721f1-a034-4305-b4ae-ad0827f449b8","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-30T12:08:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-10 12:28:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7041559","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7041559","identity":"rs-7041559","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}