Impact of downward propagating planetary waves associated with sudden stratospheric warming on the extratropical troposphere: zonal wavenumber 1 component

Impact of downward propagating planetary waves associated with sudden stratospheric warming on the extratropical troposphere: zonal wavenumber 1 component | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Impact of downward propagating planetary waves associated with sudden stratospheric warming on the extratropical troposphere: zonal wavenumber 1 component Yuki Kojima, Hitoshi Mukougawa This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7645501/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To elucidate dynamics of significant downward propagation (SDP) events of zonal wavenumber 1 (WN1) planetary waves from the stratosphere after sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events and their influence on the extratropical troposphere, a case study of an SDP event in March 2023 and composite analyses for SDP events with and without SSW using JRA-3Q reanalysis are conducted. The March 2023 event is characterized by the equatorial propagation of enhanced WN1 components in the troposphere, which follows the WN1 downward propagation after the SSW. Exceptionally warm anomalies in East Asia including Japan in early March are associated with the equatorial propagation. A statistical investigation on the timing of all SDP and SSW events reveals that an SDP event is significantly more likely to occur after an SSW. The composite of the SDP event with SSW is characterized by stratospheric easterlies, in contrast to that without SSW, in which westerlies prevail in the stratosphere. Downward propagated WN1 components in the troposphere propagate equatorward and produce temperature anomalies in the extratropics, depending on the WN1 phase in high latitudes for both SDP events. When the WN1 ridge is positioned around the date line in SDP events with SSW, cold anomalies tend to cover East Asia including Japan. The WN1 component during the March 2023 event has the largest amplitude among SDP events with SSW and a ridge location around 90°W, which is far apart from the rest. These peculiar characteristics of the WN1 component would contribute to the extraordinary warm anomalies near Japan. Planetary wave downward propagation sudden stratospheric warming zonal wavenumber 1 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 18 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 18 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7645501","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":521824558,"identity":"a2e79f11-be1a-4673-bf0d-ad12a356c623","order_by":0,"name":"Yuki 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component","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-the-meteorological-society-of-japan","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"44394","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44394/3","title":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Planetary wave, downward propagation, sudden stratospheric warming, zonal wavenumber 1","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7645501/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7645501/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo elucidate dynamics of significant downward propagation (SDP) events of zonal wavenumber 1 (WN1) planetary waves from the stratosphere after sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events and their influence on the extratropical troposphere, a case study of an SDP event in March 2023 and composite analyses for SDP events with and without SSW using JRA-3Q reanalysis are conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe March 2023 event is characterized by the equatorial propagation of enhanced WN1 components in the troposphere, which follows the WN1 downward propagation after the SSW. Exceptionally warm anomalies in East Asia including Japan in early March are associated with the equatorial propagation. A statistical investigation on the timing of all SDP and SSW events reveals that an SDP event is significantly more likely to occur after an SSW. The composite of the SDP event with SSW is characterized by stratospheric easterlies, in contrast to that without SSW, in which westerlies prevail in the stratosphere. Downward propagated WN1 components in the troposphere propagate equatorward and produce temperature anomalies in the extratropics, depending on the WN1 phase in high latitudes for both SDP events. When the WN1 ridge is positioned around the date line in SDP events with SSW, cold anomalies tend to cover East Asia including Japan. The WN1 component during the March 2023 event has the largest amplitude among SDP events with SSW and a ridge location around 90\u0026deg;W, which is far apart from the rest. These peculiar characteristics of the WN1 component would contribute to the extraordinary warm anomalies near Japan.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of downward propagating planetary waves associated with sudden stratospheric warming on the extratropical troposphere: zonal wavenumber 1 component","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-30 19:40:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7645501/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-10T02:12:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-09T23:36:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-01T15:28:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"78593199091072062245535898958595831692","date":"2025-09-28T18:08:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"94582088131507588554197480364741408493","date":"2025-09-25T08:35:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T14:29:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T12:10:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T12:09:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","date":"2025-09-18T05:37:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-the-meteorological-society-of-japan","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"44394","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44394/3","title":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"42028c92-f27e-4d7e-a107-dd92e6c29977","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-14T01:23:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-30 19:40:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7645501","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7645501","identity":"rs-7645501","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}