Design and Implementation of Reduced Longitudinal Experiments

Design and Implementation of Reduced Longitudinal Experiments | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Design and Implementation of Reduced Longitudinal Experiments Le Grande Dolino, Justin Philip Tuazon, Leslie Rutkowski This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7262280/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Longitudinal experiments are essential for investigating the impacts of intervention across time, but are often constrained by significant resource demands, which limit their implementation. This study introduces and evaluates reduced-resource designs to enhance the feasibility of longitudinal experiments. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we assessed the statistical trade-offs of reducing sample size, measurement occasions, and the proportion of experimental units assigned to intervention groups to provide simplified but actionable recommendations for non-experts. We further assessed the robustness of these reductions to attrition, non-sampling errors, and violations to fundamental model assumptions. These findings aim to democratize longitudinal methods and enable exploratory studies in resource-limited contexts such as teacher-led action research or student-driven preliminary scientific investigations. experimental design experimental analysis quantitative methodology multilevel model Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7262280","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":496637867,"identity":"e9a21cd0-de30-4b50-8979-0454de7f9519","order_by":0,"name":"Le Grande Dolino","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPgYGA4YHBgwM/MwgLhsRWthAWhKAWiSbSdMCZBgcIFoLe/PGBwkFd+SMj/MYMHwoO0yEFp5jxQYJBs+MzQ7zGDDOOEeMFokcM4kEg8OJ24BamHnbiNEi/waiZXMzUMtforRI8EC0bGAGamEkSgtPGsgvh40lDrMVHOw5l05YCz/74Y0PPvw5LMffD2T8KLMmrAUFHCBR/SgYBaNgFIwCXAAAbasz/uT1noEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Indiana University Bloomington","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"Grande","lastName":"Dolino","suffix":""},{"id":496637868,"identity":"cdfa1d46-3b8d-40de-807b-95c61a16c088","order_by":1,"name":"Justin Philip Tuazon","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of the Philippines Diliman","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Justin","middleName":"Philip","lastName":"Tuazon","suffix":""},{"id":496637869,"identity":"cf2dfa41-c3ed-4b3d-9464-6cde1023ed44","order_by":2,"name":"Leslie Rutkowski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indiana University Bloomington","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Leslie","middleName":"","lastName":"Rutkowski","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-31 12:38:15","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7262280/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7262280/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88580172,"identity":"4eb46132-37ba-4408-8763-93620c6c9ba3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-08 02:51:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":574387,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DesignandimplementationofreducedlongitudinalexperimentsANON3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7262280/v1_covered_943e6833-94e7-4871-9116-8baa9390dc9a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Design and Implementation of Reduced Longitudinal Experiments","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"experimental design, experimental analysis, quantitative methodology, multilevel model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7262280/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7262280/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal experiments are essential for investigating the impacts of intervention across time, but are often constrained by significant resource demands, which limit their implementation. 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