Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024

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A bibliometric study...", "datePublished": "2025-03-07T13:39:50", "dateModified": "2025-10-15T15:07:32", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Riezky Valentina" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Tirta Darmawan Susanto" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " 1) Introduction Cognitive enhancers, or nootropics, are agents that aim to improve cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive processing. This bibliometric study investigates the scientific landscape surrounding Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer, using data retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed via Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. This bibliometric study analyzes literature from Scopus to identify key trends, influential authors, and research gaps, providing guidance for future research. 2) Methods This study employs a literature review methodology to gather data from the Scopus database on Neuroaid, analyzing it using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software. The focus was on Ginkgo Biloba as a niche-theme cognitive enhancer agent based on Scopus data, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses. 3) Results and discussion Ginkgo biloba, the ‘maidenhair tree’ from the order Ginkgoales, appeared 290 million years ago. Chinese and Japanese culture has been cultivated for thousands of years. This tree is valued for its resilience and therapeutic properties, often used in traditional medicine for respiratory and blood circulation issues. 4) Conclusions This bibliometric analysis reveals that Ginkgo biloba remains a focal point in cognitive enhancer research, with increasing scholarly attention over the past decade. Despite its historical and cultural significance, the literature shows fragmented research clusters and limited clinical consensus. The study highlights the need for standardized methodologies, stronger interdisciplinary collaboration, and more rigorous clinical trials to validate Ginkgo biloba’s cognitive benefits. These findings provide a roadmap for future research and underscore the importance of bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry. This study was conducted in December 2024. 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F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585 1 , Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra 2 , Riezky Valentina 1 , Tirta Darmawan Susanto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-5946 3 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-3585 1 , Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra 2 , Riezky Valentina 1 , Tirta Darmawan Susanto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4151-5946 3 PUBLISHED 15 Oct 2025 Author details Author details 1 Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Family Medicine and Primary Care Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, 15811, Indonesia ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Riezky Valentina Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Tirta Darmawan Susanto Roles: Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Plant Science gateway. Abstract 1) Introduction Cognitive enhancers, or nootropics, are agents that aim to improve cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive processing. This bibliometric study investigates the scientific landscape surrounding Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer, using data retrieved from the Scopus database and analyzed via Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. This bibliometric study analyzes literature from Scopus to identify key trends, influential authors, and research gaps, providing guidance for future research. 2) Methods This study employs a literature review methodology to gather data from the Scopus database on Neuroaid, analyzing it using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software. The focus was on Ginkgo Biloba as a niche-theme cognitive enhancer agent based on Scopus data, using both quantitative and qualitative analyses. 3) Results and discussion Ginkgo biloba, the ‘maidenhair tree’ from the order Ginkgoales, appeared 290 million years ago. Chinese and Japanese culture has been cultivated for thousands of years. This tree is valued for its resilience and therapeutic properties, often used in traditional medicine for respiratory and blood circulation issues. 4) Conclusions This bibliometric analysis reveals that Ginkgo biloba remains a focal point in cognitive enhancer research, with increasing scholarly attention over the past decade. Despite its historical and cultural significance, the literature shows fragmented research clusters and limited clinical consensus. The study highlights the need for standardized methodologies, stronger interdisciplinary collaboration, and more rigorous clinical trials to validate Ginkgo biloba’s cognitive benefits. These findings provide a roadmap for future research and underscore the importance of bridging traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry. This study was conducted in December 2024. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Cognitive, enhancer, agent, ginkgo biloba, niche Corresponding Author(s) ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 SALEH AY et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: SALEH AY, Saputra DAY, Valentina R and Susanto TD. Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.3 ) First published: 07 Mar 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.1 ) Latest published: 15 Oct 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 We would like to clarify that the manuscript has been thoroughly revised in response to the reviewer’s comments. The following sections have undergone substantial changes: Abstract and Conclusion: These have been rewritten to better reflect the study’s findings and implications, removing unrelated historical content and clearly stating the results. Most Relevant Sources: This section has been updated for clarity and accuracy, including corrections to journal names and descriptions. Thematic Map: We have revised the explanation of the thematic quadrants and improved the figure presentation. Results and Discussion: The discussion now focuses on the bibliometric findings of our study, rather than historical or medical reviews, and redundant content from the introduction has been removed. We would like to clarify that the manuscript has been thoroughly revised in response to the reviewer’s comments. The following sections have undergone substantial changes: Abstract and Conclusion: These have been rewritten to better reflect the study’s findings and implications, removing unrelated historical content and clearly stating the results. Most Relevant Sources: This section has been updated for clarity and accuracy, including corrections to journal names and descriptions. Thematic Map: We have revised the explanation of the thematic quadrants and improved the figure presentation. Results and Discussion: The discussion now focuses on the bibliometric findings of our study, rather than historical or medical reviews, and redundant content from the introduction has been removed. See the authors' detailed response to the review by tasawar iqbal See the authors' detailed response to the review by Arne Reimers READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Cognitive enhancers, also known as nootropics or smart drugs, have garnered significant attention from both the scientific community and popular culture. These substances are designed to improve cognitive functions, such as memory, attention, and problem-solving abilities in both healthy individuals and those experiencing cognitive decline. 1 The growing interest in cognitive enhancers is driven by their potential benefits in enhancing mental performance, which can be particularly valuable in competitive environments such as academia and the workplace. 2 Despite the promising potential of cognitive enhancers, this field faces several challenges, including the need for rigorous scientific validation, ethical considerations, and regulatory hurdles. 3 The current body of literature on cognitive enhancers is vast and diverse, encompassing studies on various pharmacological agents, non-pharmacological interventions, and their effects on different cognitive domains. 4 However, there is a lack of a comprehensive bibliometric analysis that systematically reviews and synthesizes this body of research. This bibliometric study aimed to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on cognitive enhancers indexed in Scopus. By employing bibliometric methods, this study identified key trends, influential authors, and research gaps in the field. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the current state of research on cognitive enhancers and inform future research. The methodology of this study involved the collection and analysis of data from Scopus, focusing on articles published between 1988 and 2024. The data will be analyzed using various bibliometric techniques, including co-citation, keyword, and network analyses. The results are presented in the form of visualizations and descriptive statistics, providing a clear and comprehensive overview of the research landscape. The significance of this study lies in its potential to inform policy decisions, guide research funding and shape the development of cognitive enhancers. By identifying the most impactful studies and emerging trends, this bibliometric analysis will help researchers and policymakers prioritize areas of research that are likely to yield the greatest benefits. Methods Bibliometric research approach Bibliometric research employs structured analysis of scientific publishing data to map the evolution of specific disciplines. This study focuses on the topic of cognitive enhancers, aiming to identify trends, patterns, and correlations within academic literature. To ensure transparency and reproducibility, we systematically documented the data collection, search strategy, and analytical procedures. Data source and search strategy This study utilized Scopus ( www.scopus.com ), a widely recognized and reputable database for scientific literature. The search was conducted in December 2024 using the following parameters: • Search Keywords: “cognitive enhancer” • Search Fields: Title, Abstract, Keywords (TITLE-ABS-KEY) To ensure comprehensive coverage, no additional filters (such as publication year, language, or document type) were applied. The decision to maintain an unfiltered search was based on the goal of retrieving all relevant publications without introducing potential bias in the selection process. Data retrieval and export formats The retrieved results were exported from Scopus in three distinct formats for bibliometric analysis: 1. CSV (Comma-Separated Values): Provides metadata, including title, authors, affiliations, publication year, source, abstract, and keywords. 2. RIS (Research Information System): Contains detailed bibliographic records, including citation data. 3. TXT (Plain Text): Includes structural elements necessary for further processing in Biblioshiny and VOSviewer. Data collection and processing A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. Ensuring reproducibility To enhance reproducibility: • The search query string (TITLE-ABS-KEY (“cognitive enhancer”)) and data export settings have been clearly documented. • No additional filters were applied, and justification for this approach is explicitly stated. • The raw Scopus data exports will be made available upon request to facilitate independent verification. Data analysis Both the Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software packages were utilised in the analysis process. Quantitative analysis Documents by Year Figure 1 indicates an increase in the number of documents, culminating in 130 papers by 2014. The earliest document dates back to 1988 and comprises two papers titled “Antagonism by Exifone, a New Cognitive Enhancing Agent, of the Amnesias Induced by Four Benzodiazepines in Mice,” authored by Porsolt, R.D., Lenègre, A., Avril, I., and Doumont, G. The second document, headed “Comparison of the Effects of Vinpocetine, Vincamine, and Nicergoline on the Normal and Hypoxia-Damaged Learning Process in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats,” is authored by Groó, D., Pálosi, É., and Szporny, L. As of 2024, there are 54 documents, with the most recent titled “MSK 1,” which is essential for the experience- and ampakine-dependent strengthening of spatial reference memory and reversal learning, as well as for the induction of Arc and BDNF written by Morè et al. 7 Figure 1. Documents by year. Figure 2. Most Relevant Sources. Most Relevant Sources According to Figure 2 , Neuropharmacology occupies the foremost position. This contains information regarding the journal neuropharmacology. The journal has been indexed in Scopus since 1962. The current SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) for this journal was 1.307. It was published by Elsevier Ltd. The journal publishes high-quality original research in neuroscience, concentrating on the examination and comprehension of the effects of exogenous and endogenous chemical agents on neurobiological processes in the mammalian nervous system. This journal is classified as Q1 in the fields of cellular and molecular neuroscience, and pharmacology. Psychopharmacology has been indexed in Scopus since 1959. The most recent SJR is 1.053. SCImago quartile classification, Q1 (highest). This magazine accepts many manuscripts, including experimental studies on the impact of medications on human cognition and behavior as well as laboratory investigations involving experimental animals. It also invites works that incorporate various levels of analysis, ranging from neurochemical assays to functional neuroimaging research publishes around 250–300 articles annually across diverse topics in behavioral, clinical, and neuropharmacology, with a moderately selective acceptance rate and broad acceptance of article types including original research, reviews, and methodological studies. Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research, published by Elsevier and indexed in Scopus since 1980, holds a 2024 SJR of 0.919 (Q2), publishes a high volume of ~400–500 articles annually, accepts a broad range of topics in behavioral neuroscience—including neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroimaging, and neuroethology—and while its acceptance rate is moderately selective, its interdisciplinary scope allows for diverse article types such as original research, methodological advances, and critical reviews. Figure 3. Most Global Cited Documents. Most Global Cited Documents According to Figure 3 , the most cited document, with 1059 citations, is the article titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein, Deanna M. Barch, James M. Gold, Terry E. Goldberg, Michael F. Green, and Robert K. Heaton. The journal’s abstract states that one of the main objectives of this research was to identify separate cognitive factors in schizophrenia. This study aimed to better understand how this disorder affects various cognitive aspects, such as memory ability, attention, and information processing. Second, with 946 citations, a document titled “Cognitive Enhancers as Adjuncts to Psychotherapy: Use of D-Cycloserine in Phobic Individuals to Facilitate Extinction of Fear” was authored by Kerry J. Ressler, MD, PhD; Barbara O. Rothbaum, PhD; Libby Tannenbaum, PhD; and colleagues. Background: This study evaluated the use of D-cycloserine (DCS), a partial agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, as an adjunct to exposure therapy for individuals with phobias. Previous studies have demonstrated that DCS can accelerate fear extinction in animals. The third-ranked document, with 623 citations, is titled Ionotropic and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Structure and Pharmacology. This review was published on February 25, 2005, in Psychopharmacology. The authors of this review were James N. C. Kew and John A. Kemp. This document discusses ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors, which are two major receptor types that mediate the actions of glutamate—the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Factorial Map Of The Documents With The Highest Contributes In Figure 4 , this figure presents a factorial map derived from principal component analysis (PCA), visualizing the distribution of studies based on their contributions to the first two principal dimensions: Dim 1 (33.63%) and Dim 2 (17.89%) , which together explain 51.52% of the total variance in the dataset. Dim 1 primarily captures variance related to study design features and therapeutic modality, while Dim 2 reflects variance associated with publication year and neuropharmacological intervention type. Figure 4. Factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes. The red-labeled points represent individual studies with the highest contributions to these dimensions. Notably, the manuscript by Difede et al. (2014) titled “D-Cycloserine Augmentation of Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial” (published online in Neuropsychopharmacology on December 11, 2013) shows the strongest contribution to Dim 1, indicating its central role in shaping the variance structure of the dataset. Although the study was published online in 2013, its formal citation year is 2014, which explains the labeling discrepancy noted by the reviewer. The labels cluster 1 and cluster 2 refer to centroids derived from hierarchical clustering applied to the PCA coordinates. While each centroid appears as a single point, they represent the mean position of multiple studies grouped by similarity in PCA space. However, the visual proximity of several studies—such as those by Difede (2014, 2019), Smits (2014), and de Kleine (2012)—suggests a natural grouping based on shared methodological or pharmacological features. This emergent grouping is not explicitly labeled as a cluster in the figure but is discussed here to clarify the underlying structure. This visualization aids in identifying which studies most influence the dimensional structure of the dataset and highlights thematic convergence among trials investigating D-cycloserine augmentation in PTSD treatment. Documents by Author According to Figure 5 , the three most prolific authors, each with 16 documents, are as follows: Sahakian, B.J., with many paper titles: Enhancement of the motor control network with methylphenidate in individuals with traumatic brain injury. Effects of atomoxetine on attentional bias towards drug-related signals in cocaine-dependent individuals Modafinil Enhances Episodic and Working Memory Cognition in Patients with Remitted Depression: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Examining the Neuroscience and Societal Consequences of Cognitive Enhancers as well as the utilization of substances by healthy individuals to augment cognition, creativity, motivation, and enjoyment. 8 – 12 Figure 5. Documents by Author. The subsequent author with 14 publications is Steiner, H., whose articles include: Methylphenidate with or without fluoxetine triggers the restoration of cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. Vilazodone, an innovative SSRI antidepressant with 5-HT1A partial agonist characteristics, reduced the potentiation of chronic oral methylphenidate-induced dynorphin expression in the striatum of male adolescent rats. Fluoxetine amplifies the behavioral effects generated by methylphenidate: increased locomotion or stereotypies, and improved acquisition of cocaine self-administration. Concurrent Chronic Administration of Oral Methylphenidate and Fluoxetine During Adolescence: Behavioral Effects, and Fluoxetine Enhances Oral Methylphenidate-Induced Gene Regulation in the Rat Striatum. 13 – 17 The subsequent author with 14 publications is Wattanathorn, J., whose articles include: Effect of Single Administration of Mulberry Milk on the Cognitive Function of 6-12-Year-Old Children: Results from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. Assessment of the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement properties of Cucurbita moschata. Mung bean-derived protein protects against neurodegeneration and memory deficits in an animal model of menopause with obesity. The amalgamated extract of black sticky rice and dill enhances cognitive deficits following stroke in individuals with metabolic syndrome and functional beverages. A novel cognitive enhancer, comprising extracts of purple corn cob and pandan leaves, enhances spatial memory and hippocampal neuron density by improving extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase expression, cholinergic function, and oxidative status in ovariectomized rats. 18 – 22 Documents by country or territory Figure 6 indicates that the United States has the highest number of document creators, totaling 436 documents. The United Kingdom followed 206 documents, followed by Japan with 95. Germany possesses 90 documents, whereas Canada has 87. Figure 6. Documents by country or territory. Documents by Subject Area Figure 7 shows a pie chart depicting the distribution of the documents by subject area. The graph shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas. The percentage details for each topic area were as follows: medicine: 25.2% or 614 documents. Neuroscience: 21.3% (518 documents) Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmaceutics: 21.1% (513 documents) Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology: 11.5% (280 documents) Psychology: 6.3% or 280 documents. Social Sciences: 2.7% or 65 documents. Chemistry: 2.6% or 64 documents. Nursing: 1.9% or 47 documents. Multidisciplinary: 1.8% or 44 documents. Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1.7% or 41 documents, which is noteworthy as it illustrates the substantial dispersion of documents across several topic areas, with medicine comprising the largest percentage. It is crucial to comprehend the study or publication emphasis in various fields. Figure 7. Documents by Subject Area. Documents by affiliation According to Figure 8 , in first place, the producer of most documents is affiliated with the University of Cambridge with 33 documents, the second is affiliated with the University of Cambridge with 31 documents, and the Boston University with 21 documents. Figure 8. Documents by affiliation. Documents by funding sponsor Referring to Figure 9 , the sponsors that generate the highest number of documents for funding are the National Institutes of Health with 111 documents, followed by the National Institute of Mental Health with 68 documents, and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services producing 67 documents. Figure 9. Documents by funding sponsor. Figure 10. Network Visualization. Network Visualization Figure 10 , It can be seen that the area being studied is still not connected to other areas. The domain encompasses agitation, anorexia, vomiting, caregiver, tremor, hypertension, dietary supplement, Ginkgo biloba extract, huperzine A, anti-inflammatory activity, oxidative stress, glutathione, malondialdehyde, plant extracts, chemical structure, drug synthesis, peptide fragment, amyloid beta-protein, 1 – 42 in vitro studies, peptide fragments, protein, phosphorylation, calpain, animal, cell, nerve cell, phosphorylation, brain nerve cell, compounds, water maze, NMDA receptor 1, hippocampal CA1 region, BDNF, swimming, Morris water maze, reference memory, cues, choice behavior, mental recall, volunteer, normal human, crossover, procedure, double-blind method, randomized controlled trial, adolescent, impulsive behavior, phobia, substance-related disorders, clinical article, ethics, outcome assessment, universities, students, and students. Overlay Visualization of Scopus, Database Using Vosviewer According to Figure 11 , in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration. Figure 11. Overlay visualization of scopus, database using Vosviewer. Density Visualization This is illustrated in Figure 12 , in the visual circulation density, it appears that the part that is already saturated with research is yellow, while the part that is not yet saturated is slightly yellow and dominantly green, namely keywords: agitation, vomiting, anorexia, ginkgo biloba extract, cholinesterase, oxidative stress, glutathione, malonaldehyde, galantamine, pain, dementia, tacrine, nerve degeneration, plant extracts, sertraline, tremor, hypertension, neuroprotection, choline, degenerative disease, trazodone, side effect, antipsychotics, pathogenesis, alzheimer disease, cholinesterase inhibitors, dietary supplements, piracetam, drug penetration, drug structure, randomized controlled trial (t, drug safety, amfebutamone, prazosin, protein phosphorylation, peptide fragments, prevalence, olanzapine, neuroleptic agent, anxiolytic agent, ritanserin, memory disorder, amyloid beta protein[1-42], psychotic disorders, prescription, reboxetine, clinical trial, guanfacine, drug synthesis, chemistry, molecular structure, drug structure, in vitro study, peptide fragments, treatment outcome, narcolepsy, cell count, spiro compounds, ethics, placebo, outcome assessment, central stimulant agent, drug abuse, stress, universities, major clinical study, middle aged, substance-related disorders, clinical article, adolescent, phobia, impulsive therapy, motivation, attention, adult, addiction, fear, reinforcement, recall, accuracy, normal human, volunteer, randomized controlled trial, double-blind method, crossover procedure, mental recall, choice behavior, brain function, dopamine, task performance, reaction time, conditioning, operant, frontal cortex, genotype, mental recall, choice behavior, facilitation, nmda receptor, bdnf, ca1 region, hippocampal, mice, inbred c57bl, injections, intraperitoneal, animal behavior, behavior, animal, analysis of variance, striatum, exploratory behavior, morris water maze, reference memory, swimming, water maze. Figure 12. Density visualization. Thematic Map According to Figure 13 , on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant. Figure 13. Thematic map. Figure 13 illustrates a thematic map generated from bibliometric analysis of document titles. The map is divided into four quadrants, each representing a distinct category of research development based on two dimensions: density (indicating internal development) and centrality (indicating relevance to the broader field). Each quadrant contains clusters of keywords that reflect the thematic focus and maturity of research topics. Niche Themes (Upper-Left Quadrant): • These are specialized, well-developed topics with limited influence on the broader research field. Keywords such as biloba , ginkgo , and formation suggest focused investigations into natural compounds. Example titles include: Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba in Alzheimer’s disease and Formation of cognitive enhancers from natural sources: The case of Ginkgo biloba . Motor Themes (Upper-Right Quadrant): • These are both well-developed and central to the field, representing the driving forces of current research. Keywords like receptor , brain , rat , effects , and memory indicate robust experimental studies. Example titles include: Role of NMDA receptors in brain function and cognition and Effects of novel cognitive enhancers on memory formation in rats . Basic Themes (Lower-Right Quadrant): • These are foundational topics that are central but not yet fully developed. Keywords such as cognitive , enhancer , and enhancers point to broad conceptual frameworks. Example titles include: Overview of cognitive enhancers: mechanisms and applications and Cognitive enhancers: A review of their efficacy and safety . Emerging or Declining Themes (Lower-Left Quadrant): • These represent areas that are either gaining traction or losing relevance. Keywords like study , patients , and disorder suggest clinical applications and evolving interest. Example titles include: “ Clinical studies of cognitive enhancers in patients with cognitive disorders and Emerging trends in cognitive enhancer research: a clinical perspective .” Thematic Evolution According to Figure 14 , there was an evolution of changes in themes in research from 1988 to 2014 with the keywords cognitive, disease, receptor, effects, and memory. The theme then changed in 2015–2024 to effects, disease, study, cognition, and review. Figure 14. Thematic Evolution. Topic Dendogram According to Figure 15 , there are 2 large clusters According to keywords. There are 2 clusters of blue and red. Figure 15. Dendogram. Qualitative Analysis - refer to extended data for table 1 1420 Results and Discussion Ginkgo biloba, also known as the maidenhair tree, is a living species of the order Ginkgoales, which first appeared over 290 million years ago. This plant has been known and developed by Chinese and Japanese cultures for thousands of years, and is often planted in temple gardens. 1415 This tree is valued not only for its resilience, but also for its therapeutic properties, which have been utilized in traditional medicine for centuries. In ancient China, Ginkgo biloba leaves have been used in medicinal practices to address respiratory disorders and improve blood circulation. 1416 The use of G. biloba as medicine has been documented in various ancient medical texts. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginkgo leaves are often made into tea or liquid extracts for use as a tonic to improve blood flow and address digestive and respiratory issues. Over time, the use of G. biloba has spread to various cultures worldwide, including Japan and Korea, where it continues to be valued for its health benefits. 1417 With advancements in pharmaceutical technology, G. biloba extracts have been formulated more efficiently to maximize their therapeutic benefits. The most commonly known standardized extract is EGb 761, which contains 24% flavonoid glycosides and 6% terpenoids. This formulation ensures consistency and product quality. The extract is used in various supplements including tablets, capsules, and liquids. 1418 The usual dosage for G. biloba supplements is 40 mg three times a day or 80 mg twice a day, with a maximum dose not exceeding 240 mg/day. This dosage is based on research showing the effectiveness and safety of these doses in improving cognitive function and reducing the symptoms associated with cognitive disorders. Studies have also indicated that proper dosing can have significant effects without causing harmful side effects. 1419 Ginkgo biloba has various complex mechanisms. One of the primary mechanisms is the enhancement of blood flow, especially to the brain, through its vasodilator effect. This helps improve oxygenation and nutrient delivery to brain cells, which in turn can enhance cognitive function. Additionally, G. biloba contains flavonoids and terpenoids with antioxidant properties, which help protect brain cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. In addition to enhancing blood flow, flavonoids in G. biloba also have strong antioxidant effects. These antioxidants scavenge free radicals, which can damage cells and tissues in the body. On the other hand, terpenoids have anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce inflammation, which can cause tissue damage and cognitive disorders. The combination of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects makes G. biloba an effective therapeutic agent for protecting and improving brain function. In the modern era, G. biloba has become the subject of various clinical studies investigating its effectiveness in various health conditions. One of the most prominent areas of research is its use in the treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Studies have shown that G. biloba extract can help improve memory, attention, and overall cognitive function in individuals with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. Although G. biloba is generally considered safe, some side effects have been reported, including headache, dizziness, digestive issues, and allergic reactions. Therefore, it is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before starting Ginkgo biloba supplements, especially for individuals who are taking other medications or have certain health conditions. Some Ginkgo biloba products available on the market include Cereton, Cerviboost, Gingkan, Ginkgo Biloba Capsule, and GNC Ginkgo Biloba Plus. These products are available in various forms including tablets, capsules, and syrups. Each product typically lists the standardized content of G. biloba extract, making it easier for consumers to choose according to their needs. 1419 Many clinical trials have investigated the effectiveness of G. biloba in various health conditions. These studies included diverse populations, including healthy individuals, patients with dementia, and individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Clinical trials have shown that G. biloba can help improve cognitive function and memory, as well as reduce symptoms of dementia and other cognitive disorders. Dosage standardization of G. biloba has also been carried out to ensure consistency and safety during its use. Further research has shown that G. biloba can affect neurotransmitters in the brain. For instance, G. biloba extract has been found to increase serotonin and dopamine levels, which play key roles in mood regulation and cognitive function. This indicates that in addition to its vasodilator and antioxidant effects, G. biloba can also influence biochemical pathways in the brain that contribute to improved cognitive function. Research has shown that G. biloba can provide significant benefits in high-risk populations, such as the elderly and individuals with a genetic predisposition to cognitive disorders. In these populations, the use of G. biloba has been associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline and an overall improvement in quality of life. This underscores the potential of G. biloba as an effective preventive intervention. 1415 To ensure the quality and safety of G. biloba products, strict regulations have been established in many countries. Marketed products must meet specific standards regarding the content and purity of the G. biloba extract. This includes standards for the concentration of flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids as well as testing for contaminants that may be present in the final product. 1417 Additionally, comparative studies between G. biloba and other cognitive agents, such as donepezil and memantine, have been conducted. These studies aimed to determine the relative effectiveness of G. biloba compared with more commonly used medications in the treatment of dementia and cognitive disorders. The results of these studies indicated that G. biloba has a unique benefit and risk profile, making it an attractive option for use in combination with other therapies. Although many studies have shown the benefits of G. biloba, there are still challenges in terms of the research methodology and variability of results. Further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms of action and to determine the optimal dosage for various populations and health conditions. Further efforts are required to enhance the regulation and standardization of Ginkgo biloba products in the global market. This bibliometric analysis not only reflects the quantitative increase in publications on Ginkgo biloba but also reveals the thematic dynamics and scientific collaboration networks shaping the global research landscape. Frequently occurring keywords such as “Alzheimer’s disease,” “oxidative stress,” and “EGb 761” indicate that Ginkgo biloba’s scientific visibility is strongly influenced by its clinical relevance and neuroprotective potential. Author and institutional mapping reveals a predominance of multidisciplinary collaborations between neurology, pharmacology, and traditional medicine, particularly from institutions in Europe, North America, and East Asia. This trend indicates that bibliometric influence depends not only on the number of publications but also on cross-disciplinary integration and translational framing in scientific communication. Furthermore, citation analysis reveals that high-impact articles tend to combine experimental approaches with strong clinical narratives, reinforcing Ginkgo biloba’s position as a therapeutic agent bridging the gap between traditional medicine and modern pharmaceuticals. Despite the rich cultural significance of the ethnobotanical and historical uses of Ginkgo biloba, its contribution to the high-impact literature remains limited, suggesting a research bias toward clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Thus, this study highlights the importance of a bibliometric approach in understanding how the structure of scientific communication influences the perception and direction of Ginkgo biloba research globally. These findings can inform more balanced, inclusive, and contextualized research strategies, particularly in highlighting contributions from developing countries and local medicinal traditions. Conclusions This bibliometric study highlights the increasing scientific interest in Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer, demonstrating a steady rise in research outputs from 1988 to 2024. By mapping publication trends, influential studies, and keyword clusters, the analysis provides valuable insights into the scope and trajectory of research in this domain. While Ginkgo biloba has been widely studied for its vasodilatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, bibliometric findings do not independently verify clinical effectiveness. The literature suggests promising therapeutic potential, particularly in memory enhancement and neurodegenerative disorders, but methodological inconsistencies in clinical trials underscore the need for standardized research protocols and larger sample sizes. This study also identifies gaps in comparative research between Ginkgo biloba and established pharmacological treatments such as donepezil and memantine, calling for further investigations to clarify efficacy, safety, and optimal dosing strategies. Additionally, regulatory frameworks remain crucial in ensuring quality control and product standardization across global markets. Future research should focus on refining experimental designs, integrating systematic clinical trials and conducting long-term safety assessments. By maintaining a clear distinction between bibliometric trends and clinical claims, this study serves as a foundation for guiding future investigations into the cognitive-enhancing potential of Ginkgo biloba. Ethics and consent Ethical approval and consent were not required. Reporting guidelines Figshare: PRISMA-ScR checklist and flow chart: Gingko Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus data Base. A bibliometric studi from 1988 to 2024, DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28081724 ( https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081724.v1 ) 1420 The project contains the following reporting guidelines: • PRISMA_2020_checklist_AYS • PRISMA_2020_flow_diagram_new_AYS The data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Software availability VOSviewer software is an open-access tool that can be used as a cost-effective method for scientometric analysis Biblioshiny Author contribution AYS conducted research, gathered data, performed statistical analysis, and produced discussions and conclusions, including TDS, RV, and DAYS editing. Data availability statement No Data Associated with this manuscript. Extended data Figshare: Gingko Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus data Base. A bibliometric studi from 1988 to 2024. DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709 ( https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 ) 1420 This project contains the following underlying data: • Density Visualization.jpg • Documents by affiliation.jpg • Documents by Author.jpg • Documents by country or territory.jpg • Documents by funding sponsor.jpg • Documents by Subject Area.jpg • Documents by Year.jpg • Factorial Map Of The Documents With The Highest Contributes.png • Factorial Map Of The most cited documents.png • MostRelevantSources-2024-12-03.png • Network Visualization.jpg • Overlay Visualization of Scopus, Database Using Vosviewer.jpg • tematic evolution berdasarkan title.jpg • Thematic map.jpg • Topic Dendogram.jpg • Tabel 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract The data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). References 1. Smith J: Ethical considerations in the use of cognitive enhancers. Neuroethics. 2020; 13 (1): 45–58. 2. 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Longev. 2020; 2020 : 1–10. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 19. Muchimapura S, Thukhummee W, Wattanathorn J: Evaluation of the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing effects of cucurbita moschata. J. Med. Assoc. Thail. 2020; 103 (1): 105–112. 20. Wu M, Muchimapura S, Wattanathorn J, et al. : Mung bean-derived protein protects against neurodegeneration and memory impairment in animal model of menopause with obesity. J. Med. Assoc. Thail. 2019; 102 (4): 43–51. 21. Ohnon W, Wattanathorn J, Thukham-Mee W, et al. : The combined extract of black sticky rice and dill improves poststroke cognitive impairment in metabolic syndrome condition. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. 2019; 2019 : 1–19. Publisher Full Text 22. 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Reference Source Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 07 Mar 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 2 Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Family Medicine and Primary Care Department, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Tangerang, Banten, 15811, Indonesia ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Dwi Arwandi Yogi Saputra Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Riezky Valentina Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Tirta Darmawan Susanto Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 15 Oct 2025, 14:275 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.3 version 2 Revised Published: 15 May 2025, 14:275 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.2 version 1 Published: 07 Mar 2025, 14:275 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.1 Copyright © 2025 SALEH AY et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article SALEH AY, Saputra DAY, Valentina R and Susanto TD. Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.160416.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 15 Oct 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Reimers A. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188435.r424445 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v3#referee-response-424445 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Oct 2025 Arne Reimers , Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188435.r424445 The authors have resolved most of the issues I outlined in my previous review, but not all. For example, the part about fig. 13 (p12, staring with 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title...') which ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors have resolved most of the issues I outlined in my previous review, but not all. For example, the part about fig. 13 (p12, staring with 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title...') which the authors state has been revised, contains the exact same wording as the previous version. In other words, it has not been revised. Also, the discussion still focuses too much on Ginko biloba and too little on the authors' own findings. While these and a few other weaknesses reduce the overall quality of the paper, it appears acceptable for indexing. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Clinical neuro- and psychopharmacology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Reimers A. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188435.r424445 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v3#referee-response-424445 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 15 May 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Reimers A. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r397709 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-397709 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 22 Aug 2025 Arne Reimers , Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r397709 This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read ... Continue reading READ ALL This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Clinical neuro- and psychopharmacology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Reimers A. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r397709 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-397709 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 15 Oct 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 15 Oct 2025 Author Response Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo ... Continue reading Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. Thank you for your very constructive feedback. We have revised the abstract, results, and discussion sections to focus more on the study's main findings and removed irrelevant historical information. Furthermore, the conclusion section of the abstract has been revised to reflect the study's results and implications, rather than simply the research objectives. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. We initially wanted to display data based on the most recent year, but based on reviewer feedback, we have revised this to 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. Documents were classified into subject areas based on the primary indexing category assigned by Scopus. This classification utilized publication metadata—such as journal title, keywords, and abstract content—to determine the dominant field of each document. For visualization purposes, each document was counted once under its main subject area to avoid duplication across categories. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. we took the keywords from the latest results, namely in 2016, the yellow color is in the picture P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. Thank you for your very constructive feedback. We have revised the abstract, results, and discussion sections to focus more on the study's main findings and removed irrelevant historical information. Furthermore, the conclusion section of the abstract has been revised to reflect the study's results and implications, rather than simply the research objectives. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. We initially wanted to display data based on the most recent year, but based on reviewer feedback, we have revised this to 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. Documents were classified into subject areas based on the primary indexing category assigned by Scopus. This classification utilized publication metadata—such as journal title, keywords, and abstract content—to determine the dominant field of each document. For visualization purposes, each document was counted once under its main subject area to avoid duplication across categories. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. we took the keywords from the latest results, namely in 2016, the yellow color is in the picture P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Competing Interests: No Competing Interests Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 15 Oct 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 15 Oct 2025 Author Response Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo ... Continue reading Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. Thank you for your very constructive feedback. We have revised the abstract, results, and discussion sections to focus more on the study's main findings and removed irrelevant historical information. Furthermore, the conclusion section of the abstract has been revised to reflect the study's results and implications, rather than simply the research objectives. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. We initially wanted to display data based on the most recent year, but based on reviewer feedback, we have revised this to 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. Documents were classified into subject areas based on the primary indexing category assigned by Scopus. This classification utilized publication metadata—such as journal title, keywords, and abstract content—to determine the dominant field of each document. For visualization purposes, each document was counted once under its main subject area to avoid duplication across categories. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. we took the keywords from the latest results, namely in 2016, the yellow color is in the picture P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. Thank you for your very constructive feedback. We have revised the abstract, results, and discussion sections to focus more on the study's main findings and removed irrelevant historical information. Furthermore, the conclusion section of the abstract has been revised to reflect the study's results and implications, rather than simply the research objectives. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. We initially wanted to display data based on the most recent year, but based on reviewer feedback, we have revised this to 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. Documents were classified into subject areas based on the primary indexing category assigned by Scopus. This classification utilized publication metadata—such as journal title, keywords, and abstract content—to determine the dominant field of each document. For visualization purposes, each document was counted once under its main subject area to avoid duplication across categories. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. we took the keywords from the latest results, namely in 2016, the yellow color is in the picture P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Competing Interests: No Competing Interests Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: iqbal t. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r385013 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-385013 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 09 Aug 2025 tasawar iqbal , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r385013 Accept ... Continue reading READ ALL Accept the article. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Pharmacology, Phytochemical, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Plants base Medicine, Animal related study, Different Disease treatment, Drug Delivery, plant study, insect physiology, Mushroom related study, Entomology, Poultry Management, Zoology, Microbiology. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT iqbal t. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r385013 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-385013 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 05 Nov 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 05 Nov 2025 Author Response Thank you for your review and feedback Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Thank you for your review and feedback Thank you for your review and feedback Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 05 Nov 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 05 Nov 2025 Author Response Thank you for your review and feedback Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Thank you for your review and feedback Thank you for your review and feedback Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 07 Mar 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: iqbal t. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176313.r380845 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v1#referee-response-380845 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 10 May 2025 tasawar iqbal , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176313.r380845 Summary of the Article This manuscript presents a bibliometric analysis of literature published from 1988 to 2024 focusing on Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer. The study uses data sourced from the Scopus database and analyzes trends, influential authors, ... Continue reading READ ALL Summary of the Article This manuscript presents a bibliometric analysis of literature published from 1988 to 2024 focusing on Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer. The study uses data sourced from the Scopus database and analyzes trends, influential authors, key journals, and subject areas using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools. The authors identify niche, motor, and emerging themes using thematic mapping and network visualization to assess the evolution of research topics over time. Qualitative discussions are included on the traditional and pharmacological uses of Ginkgo biloba , with citations of clinical trial data and historical usage. Evaluation of Core Criteria 1. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Answer: Partly Comments: The manuscript is generally well-structured and references a wide range of studies, including both foundational and recent works. However, some citations appear incorrectly formatted or poorly integrated (e.g., inconsistent referencing of citation numbers, limited context around cited findings). The discussion on Ginkgo biloba's pharmacological mechanisms includes up-to-date research but occasionally blends bibliometric content with pharmacological summaries without clear separation. Recommendation: Improve citation clarity and maintain a stricter distinction between bibliometric analysis and pharmacological narrative. 2. Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Answer: Partly Comments: The use of bibliometric tools (Scopus, Biblioshiny, VOSviewer) is methodologically appropriate. However, the design lacks details on inclusion/exclusion criteria, filtering strategies, and search limitations (e.g., language or document types), which are critical to ensure replicability and to reduce selection bias. Furthermore, the decision to not apply any filters (as stated) weakens the rigor of the bibliometric scope and could introduce irrelevant data noise. Recommendation: The authors should specify search criteria more clearly and provide justification for their decision to include unfiltered results. 3. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Answer: Partly Comments: While the tools used are named, the description of the search strategy is too vague. The article mentions keyword use (e.g., “cognitive enhancer”) but does not provide exact queries or document identifiers for replication. The structure and format of exported data files are listed, but there is no access to the raw search results or scripts used for Biblioshiny or VOSviewer analysis. Recommendation: Include complete search strings, filters (if any), time range parameters, and preferably a supplementary dataset or repository link to raw export files. 4. If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Answer: Partly Comments: The article primarily uses descriptive statistics and visualization tools, which are valid for bibliometric analysis. However, no inferential statistics or statistical validation of clusters/themes is presented, nor are confidence measures or citation impact normalization addressed. Recommendation: Include basic bibliometric performance metrics (e.g., h-index, average citations per item) and clarify the method used to define cluster themes (e.g., co-occurrence thresholds). 5. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Answer: Partly Comments: The article references an extended dataset on Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 , which contains visualizations and thematic maps. However, the raw Scopus CSV or RIS files used for analysis are not provided, and key elements such as search queries or metadata fields are not included. Recommendation: The authors should upload all exported files and search history from Scopus as supplementary material or Figshare content. 6. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Answer: Partly Comments: The conclusions reflect findings from both the bibliometric mapping and the qualitative narrative on Ginkgo biloba's therapeutic effects. However, some extrapolations such as effectiveness and safety in clinical contexts—are based on limited bibliometric evidence, rather than systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Recommendation: Limit claims on clinical efficacy unless substantiated by the specific bibliometric content reviewed; distinguish bibliometric findings from clinical interpretation. Overall Strengths Addresses a valuable niche topic within cognitive enhancement research. Employs credible bibliometric tools and platforms (Scopus, Biblioshiny, VOSviewer). Provides useful visualization and clustering analysis. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Pharmacology, Phytochemical, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Plants base Medicine, Animal related study, Different Disease treatment, Drug Delivery, plant study, insect physiology, Mushroom related study, Entomology, Poultry Management, Zoology, Microbiology. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT iqbal t. Reviewer Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176313.r380845 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v1#referee-response-380845 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 24 Jun 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 24 Jun 2025 Author Response Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full ... Continue reading Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. 2. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. 3. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. 4. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Peer Review : 1. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 2. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly 3. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 4. All citations are in Table 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract that has been uploaded is also in Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you again for the opportunity to enhance the quality of this manuscript. Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. 2. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. 3. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. 4. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Peer Review : 1. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 2. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly 3. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 4. All citations are in Table 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract that has been uploaded is also in Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you again for the opportunity to enhance the quality of this manuscript. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 24 Jun 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH , Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia 24 Jun 2025 Author Response Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full ... Continue reading Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. 2. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. 3. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. 4. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Peer Review : 1. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 2. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly 3. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 4. All citations are in Table 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract that has been uploaded is also in Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you again for the opportunity to enhance the quality of this manuscript. Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. 2. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. 3. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. 4. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Peer Review : 1. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 2. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly 3. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 4. All citations are in Table 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract that has been uploaded is also in Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you again for the opportunity to enhance the quality of this manuscript. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 07 Mar 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 3 (revision) 15 Oct 25 read Version 2 (revision) 15 May 25 read read Version 1 07 Mar 25 read tasawar iqbal , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan Arne Reimers , Lund University, Lund, Sweden Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Reimers A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Oct 2025 | for Version 3 Arne Reimers , Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden 0 Views copyright © 2025 Reimers A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors have resolved most of the issues I outlined in my previous review, but not all. For example, the part about fig. 13 (p12, staring with 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title...') which the authors state has been revised, contains the exact same wording as the previous version. In other words, it has not been revised. Also, the discussion still focuses too much on Ginko biloba and too little on the authors' own findings. While these and a few other weaknesses reduce the overall quality of the paper, it appears acceptable for indexing. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Clinical neuro- and psychopharmacology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Reimers A. Peer Review Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188435.r424445) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v3#referee-response-424445 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Reimers A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Aug 2025 | for Version 2 Arne Reimers , Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden 0 Views copyright © 2025 Reimers A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Not applicable Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Clinical neuro- and psychopharmacology I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 15 Oct 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia Thank you to the reviewers for their kindness in providing feedback and suggestions. This bibliometric study aims at analyzing trends and the current status of published research on Ginkgo biloba. It uses different outcome variables and visualization methods. There are countless small issues that make this paper difficult to read and understand. For example: Abstract, results and discussion: this part is supposed to reflect the study's findings. However, the authors state some arbitrarily chosen historical facts about the medical use of Ginkgo biloba. Abstract, conclusion: instead of a conclusion, the authors state the aims of the study. Thank you for your very constructive feedback. We have revised the abstract, results, and discussion sections to focus more on the study's main findings and removed irrelevant historical information. Furthermore, the conclusion section of the abstract has been revised to reflect the study's results and implications, rather than simply the research objectives. The title of this paper says 1420 documents. Also, the list of references consists of 1420 documents. However, in the text it is stated that 1414 documents were retrieved. This should be resolved. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P4: the authors state that they retrieved 1414 relevant documents. Please state how 'relevant' was defined and how many irrelevant documents were excluded. A search query was executed using “cognitive enhancer” in the TITLE-ABS-KEY field. This resulted in the retrieval of 1420 relevant documents. These documents were exported and stored in .csv format for further bibliometric analysis. The exported data was then processed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer, which enabled visualization of research trends, co-authorship networks, and keyword clustering. P4: according to the authors, figure 1 shows that the annual numbers of papers culminated in 61 papers by 2023. From what I can see, the annual number culminated with 130 papers in 2014. We initially wanted to display data based on the most recent year, but based on reviewer feedback, we have revised this to 130 papers in 2014. P4: The authors state that the journal Psychopharmacology accepts many manuscripts. It is unclear what is meant by 'many'. Does it have a high acceptance rate? Does it publish a high number of papers per year? (if so, please quantify). Or does it mean that the journal accepts a broad variety of subjects or article types? We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'Ranking three is the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research. This contains information regarding the Journal of Behavioral Brain Research.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P5: 'the journal titled Identification of separable cognitive factors in schizophrenia, authored by Keith H. Nuechterlein (…). The journal's abstract states that (…)'. I believe that the word 'journal' should be changed to 'article'. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P6: 'two major receptors that function as primary excitatory neurotransmitters'. Receptors do not function as neurotransmitters. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 4: This figure is difficult to understand without an explanation. Please explain in the text what dim1 and dim2 are. Further, clusters 1 and 2 appear to be only one single point each, so why are they called clusters? On the other hand, the articles displayed in the figure form a cluster, but this is not mentioned in the text. Moreover, the text mentions a study by Difede et al. (2013). In the figure, there is no study by Difede published in 2013. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P8: 'shows the percentage of documents classified into different subject areas'. Please state how that classification was done. Documents were classified into subject areas based on the primary indexing category assigned by Scopus. This classification utilized publication metadata—such as journal title, keywords, and abstract content—to determine the dominant field of each document. For visualization purposes, each document was counted once under its main subject area to avoid duplication across categories. P9: 'indicates that the examined areas remained unassociated with the other regions delineated by the edges'. That does not make sense. Please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. P9/10: 'according to Figure 11, in the overlay visualization, it appears that the keywords that are being researched a lot approaching 2016 are the parts colored yellow, namely gluthahione, malonaldehyde, metabolism, prescription, major clinical study, randomized controlled trial (t, addiction, student, students, universities, oxidative stress, chemistry, and nerve degeneration.' To me, it appears that the most researched key words are the green ones in the middle. we took the keywords from the latest results, namely in 2016, the yellow color is in the picture P12: 'According to Figure 13, on the thematic map based on the title, the following is an explanation for each keyword in each quadrant in the thematic map resulting from the bibliometric analysis. Here is an explanation of the meaning of each quadrant in the thematic map, and examples of document titles relevant to keywords in each quadrant.' This does not make sense, please rephrase. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Figure 13 looks like a screen shot and should be replaced or at least be cropped to the figure itself. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Results and discussion: the first two sentences are already stated in the introduction and should be deleted. The discussion does not refer to the authors' (= this study's) own findings but represents a medical/historical review of Ginkgo biloba. It needs to be re-written with a clear focus on the bibliometric findings. We have revised it according to the reviewer's suggestions. Points that must be addressed to make the article scientifically sound: The abstract and the discussion need to be re-written. The manuscript body needs thorough revision. As a minimum, all issues mentioned above should be resolved. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. Note: Almost all figures are impossible to read due to very low resolution. I do not know whether this is the publisher's fault. Fortunately, the authors provide a link to a repository where the figures are available in high resolution. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly View more View less Competing Interests No Competing Interests reply Respond Report a concern Reimers A. Peer Review Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r397709) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-397709 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 iqbal t. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 09 Aug 2025 | for Version 2 tasawar iqbal , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 0 Views copyright © 2025 iqbal t. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Accept the article. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Pharmacology, Phytochemical, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Plants base Medicine, Animal related study, Different Disease treatment, Drug Delivery, plant study, insect physiology, Mushroom related study, Entomology, Poultry Management, Zoology, Microbiology. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 05 Nov 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia Thank you for your review and feedback View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern iqbal t. Peer Review Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.181956.r385013) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v2#referee-response-385013 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 iqbal t. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 10 May 2025 | for Version 1 tasawar iqbal , University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan 0 Views copyright © 2025 iqbal t. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Summary of the Article This manuscript presents a bibliometric analysis of literature published from 1988 to 2024 focusing on Ginkgo biloba as a cognitive enhancer. The study uses data sourced from the Scopus database and analyzes trends, influential authors, key journals, and subject areas using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer tools. The authors identify niche, motor, and emerging themes using thematic mapping and network visualization to assess the evolution of research topics over time. Qualitative discussions are included on the traditional and pharmacological uses of Ginkgo biloba , with citations of clinical trial data and historical usage. Evaluation of Core Criteria 1. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Answer: Partly Comments: The manuscript is generally well-structured and references a wide range of studies, including both foundational and recent works. However, some citations appear incorrectly formatted or poorly integrated (e.g., inconsistent referencing of citation numbers, limited context around cited findings). The discussion on Ginkgo biloba's pharmacological mechanisms includes up-to-date research but occasionally blends bibliometric content with pharmacological summaries without clear separation. Recommendation: Improve citation clarity and maintain a stricter distinction between bibliometric analysis and pharmacological narrative. 2. Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Answer: Partly Comments: The use of bibliometric tools (Scopus, Biblioshiny, VOSviewer) is methodologically appropriate. However, the design lacks details on inclusion/exclusion criteria, filtering strategies, and search limitations (e.g., language or document types), which are critical to ensure replicability and to reduce selection bias. Furthermore, the decision to not apply any filters (as stated) weakens the rigor of the bibliometric scope and could introduce irrelevant data noise. Recommendation: The authors should specify search criteria more clearly and provide justification for their decision to include unfiltered results. 3. Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Answer: Partly Comments: While the tools used are named, the description of the search strategy is too vague. The article mentions keyword use (e.g., “cognitive enhancer”) but does not provide exact queries or document identifiers for replication. The structure and format of exported data files are listed, but there is no access to the raw search results or scripts used for Biblioshiny or VOSviewer analysis. Recommendation: Include complete search strings, filters (if any), time range parameters, and preferably a supplementary dataset or repository link to raw export files. 4. If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Answer: Partly Comments: The article primarily uses descriptive statistics and visualization tools, which are valid for bibliometric analysis. However, no inferential statistics or statistical validation of clusters/themes is presented, nor are confidence measures or citation impact normalization addressed. Recommendation: Include basic bibliometric performance metrics (e.g., h-index, average citations per item) and clarify the method used to define cluster themes (e.g., co-occurrence thresholds). 5. Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Answer: Partly Comments: The article references an extended dataset on Figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 , which contains visualizations and thematic maps. However, the raw Scopus CSV or RIS files used for analysis are not provided, and key elements such as search queries or metadata fields are not included. Recommendation: The authors should upload all exported files and search history from Scopus as supplementary material or Figshare content. 6. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Answer: Partly Comments: The conclusions reflect findings from both the bibliometric mapping and the qualitative narrative on Ginkgo biloba's therapeutic effects. However, some extrapolations such as effectiveness and safety in clinical contexts—are based on limited bibliometric evidence, rather than systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Recommendation: Limit claims on clinical efficacy unless substantiated by the specific bibliometric content reviewed; distinguish bibliometric findings from clinical interpretation. Overall Strengths Addresses a valuable niche topic within cognitive enhancement research. Employs credible bibliometric tools and platforms (Scopus, Biblioshiny, VOSviewer). Provides useful visualization and clustering analysis. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Partly Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Partly Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Pharmacology, Phytochemical, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Plants base Medicine, Animal related study, Different Disease treatment, Drug Delivery, plant study, insect physiology, Mushroom related study, Entomology, Poultry Management, Zoology, Microbiology. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 24 Jun 2025 ARMAN YURISALDI SALEH, Neurology Department Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional (UPN) Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, 12450, Indonesia Thank you for the detailed and constructive feedback during the peer review process. Major Revisions Required to be Scientifically Sound 1. Clarify and document the search methodology in full detail to ensure reproducibility. 2. Provide access to the raw Scopus data exports and search strings. Justify the absence of filters or explain how the lack of filtering does not compromise data validity. 3. Avoid merging clinical conclusions with bibliometric findings unless systematically substantiated. 4. Improve citation consistency and integrate references more clearly throughout the discussion. Peer Review : 1. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 2. All data we used in the study have been uploaded to The article references an extended dataset on Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly 3. We have revised the manuscript according to the reviewer's request and have also submitted the new version of the manuscript. 4. All citations are in Table 1 Qualitative analysis of the research summary of each abstract that has been uploaded is also in Figshare : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28081709.v1 and can be accessed publicly Thank you again for the opportunity to enhance the quality of this manuscript. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern iqbal t. Peer Review Report For: Ginkgo Biloba as a niche theme cognitive enhancer agent, 1420 dokumen of Scopus database. A bibliometric study from 1988 to 2024 [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 14 :275 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176313.r380845) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/14-275/v1#referee-response-380845 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. 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