PIC Modeling of Ionospheric Plasma Diagnostics by Hemispherical Probes: Study of the LAP-CSES at Magnetic Conjugates

PIC Modeling of Ionospheric Plasma Diagnostics by Hemispherical Probes: Study of the LAP-CSES at Magnetic Conjugates | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article PIC Modeling of Ionospheric Plasma Diagnostics by Hemispherical Probes: Study of the LAP-CSES at Magnetic Conjugates Nadia Imtiaz, Saeed Rehman, Liuch Chao, Rui Yan, Richard Marchand This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6452977/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We present particle-in-cell simulations to simulate current-voltage characteristics of the Langmuir probe (LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). For this purpose, three-dimensional kinetic simulations that account for several important physical processes are used to compute probe collected currents under realistic plasma environment conditions. In simulations, we used plasma parameters and background magnetic fields that are representative of the equatorial zone and the two magnetically conjugate mid-latitude sites in the Northern and Southern hemisphere. These sites are: the Millstone Hill (in North) and the Rothera (in South). The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) models are used to obtain the plasma parameters and the magnetic fields at the three locations. The simulation results illustrate the effect of magnetic field and the plasma environment on the current collection of the LAP. To compare the in-situ measurements of CSES along the Orbit-026610 with the calculated current-voltage characteristics at steady state, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient is calculated for each case. This comparative analysis is used to evaluate the accuracy of inferences derived from Orbit Motion Limited or other semi-empirical expressions. LAP-CSES PIC modeling Ionosphere Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6452977","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":443161888,"identity":"10c659bb-f68e-4a91-b58d-59e08d4569cf","order_by":0,"name":"Nadia Imtiaz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCSjJz8DAeJg0LZINDAyH4XwitDAwGBwgVou5dI/xxx81FnnGN5IfHC6ouFfH38D88AM+LZZzzphJ8xyTKDa7kWZweMaZYgmJA2zGeK0yuJFjxszAJpG47UaCwWHetgQJhgM8+F0H1AJ02D+JxM0z0j8c5v2XICF/gIf5BwEtBhK8bRKJGyRygLY0JEgYHOBhI2BLWpk0b59E4owzbwoOzziWILnxMJuZBX4tyZs//vhWl9jfnr7xcUFNAr/c8ebHN/BpwQKYSVQ/CkbBKBgFowATAAAunUrPcNFxnQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nadia","middleName":"","lastName":"Imtiaz","suffix":""},{"id":443161889,"identity":"9de541b6-b506-4149-9bc1-105740f0ed18","order_by":1,"name":"Saeed Rehman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeed","middleName":"","lastName":"Rehman","suffix":""},{"id":443161890,"identity":"2b452bf7-f949-42af-b5e2-a142aa01658b","order_by":2,"name":"Liuch Chao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liuch","middleName":"","lastName":"Chao","suffix":""},{"id":443161891,"identity":"35a036e3-e941-42b3-ac8e-864c2e2ffd31","order_by":3,"name":"Rui Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Crustal DynamicsChina Earthquake Administration, China.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rui","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""},{"id":443161892,"identity":"643d55c9-d698-4d53-b888-dab6b1e765fd","order_by":4,"name":"Richard Marchand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Alberta, CANADA.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Richard","middleName":"","lastName":"Marchand","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-15 09:05:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6452977/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6452977/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80710953,"identity":"6c0cbfc6-0365-4a98-9a52-d5f119631711","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-16 09:03:19","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2088752,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"CSESLAP1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6452977/v1_covered_9201aac8-decb-4314-b74e-aa83ff1e3178.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePIC Modeling of Ionospheric Plasma Diagnostics by Hemispherical Probes: Study of the LAP-CSES at Magnetic Conjugates\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"LAP-CSES, PIC modeling, Ionosphere ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6452977/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6452977/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe present particle-in-cell simulations to simulate current-voltage characteristics of the Langmuir probe (LAP), onboard the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). 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