Effective removal of Atrazine using peroxymonosulfate activated by CoNiFe-layered double hydroxides: mechanism and degradation pathway

Effective removal of Atrazine using peroxymonosulfate activated by CoNiFe-layered double hydroxides: mechanism and degradation pathway | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Effective removal of Atrazine using peroxymonosulfate activated by CoNiFe-layered double hydroxides: mechanism and degradation pathway Zhanmei Zhang, Xinyue Li, Yi Zhang, Yang Deng, Yunxuan Huang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5124039/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on activated persulfate (PS) are gradually being employed in the treatment of novel pollutants. In this study, an efficient and reliable CoNiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared by a hydrothermal method, which could effectively activate peroxomonosulfate (PMS) and cause free sulfate radical (SO4•−) oxidation to decompose atrazine (ATZ). During the degradation process, the degradation rate of ATZ was greater than 99% within 60 min when the initial concentration of ATZ was 10 mg·L−1, the dosages of PMS and activator were 0.6 mM and 80 mg·L−1, respectively, and the pH value was 7.0. The analysis of ATZ degradation confirmed the reusability of the activator and its strong structural stability. The generation of four free radicals was analyzed and confirmed, and the influence of the free radicals on the degradation reaction was determined to be SO4•−＞ O2•− ＞ 1O2＞•OH. The analytical results showed that the metal ions reacted with HSO5− in PMS to obtain a change in the valence state of the metal ions and the primary factor affecting the degradation reaction SO4•− was also generated. Nine degradation intermediates with reduced toxicity were detected and possible ATZ degradation pathways were deduced, thus confirming the activation mechanism of CoNiFe-LDH. This representative ATZ removal method provides theoretical basis and guidance for the removal of similar organic pollutants. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Hydrology Peroxomonosulfate Activator Atrazine Layered double hydroxide Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5124039","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":379337291,"identity":"70dd9668-9a43-4318-8003-eb8cd7ebe460","order_by":0,"name":"Zhanmei Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQgpx8bMfvBBQoUN8VqM+dl7kg0enEkjWgtD4syeA2aSD9sOEdYhP7v52aMbFRaMG24kpFUksB1g4G/vTsCrhXHOMXPjnDMSzAY3Eo/dSOC5wyBx5uwGvFqYJRLMpHPbJNgMgLbcSJB4xmAgkYtfC5tE+jfp3H8SPEAtZgUJBocJa+GRyAHa0iAhIQn0PkNCAhFaJCRyyqRzjkkYgAJZIuFAGg9Bv8jPSN8mnVNTV98GjMqPP//ZyPG39+LXgulS0pSPglEwCkbBKMAKADUARw6sr6WaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"The College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhanmei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":379337292,"identity":"b9806079-da77-4f7e-9e1a-9ab1b6014ad9","order_by":1,"name":"Xinyue Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinyue","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":379337293,"identity":"2588b927-d97d-4d74-b042-d53859380c27","order_by":2,"name":"Yi Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":379337294,"identity":"bad0e0f1-617c-4791-bb80-621d93eb5efe","order_by":3,"name":"Yang Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yang","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":379337295,"identity":"4c68e939-ce86-4be6-8022-f93f1cff7b33","order_by":4,"name":"Yunxuan Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunxuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-09-20 13:34:57","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5124039/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5124039/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78173936,"identity":"db462639-71f6-4a63-a72e-f0f0e3fe34cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-10 15:09:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1996558,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFile10.4.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5124039/v1_covered_2e3d7689-283b-4c71-b304-51741604c8d9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effective removal of Atrazine using peroxymonosulfate activated by CoNiFe-layered double hydroxides: mechanism and degradation pathway","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Peroxomonosulfate, Activator, Atrazine, Layered double hydroxide","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5124039/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5124039/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Advanced oxidation process (AOPs) based on activated persulfate (PS) are gradually being employed in the treatment of novel pollutants. In this study, an efficient and reliable CoNiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) was prepared by a hydrothermal method, which could effectively activate peroxomonosulfate (PMS) and cause free sulfate radical (SO4•−) oxidation to decompose atrazine (ATZ). During the degradation process, the degradation rate of ATZ was greater than 99% within 60 min when the initial concentration of ATZ was 10 mg·L−1, the dosages of PMS and activator were 0.6 mM and 80 mg·L−1, respectively, and the pH value was 7.0. The analysis of ATZ degradation confirmed the reusability of the activator and its strong structural stability. The generation of four free radicals was analyzed and confirmed, and the influence of the free radicals on the degradation reaction was determined to be SO4•−＞ O2•− ＞ 1O2＞•OH. The analytical results showed that the metal ions reacted with HSO5− in PMS to obtain a change in the valence state of the metal ions and the primary factor affecting the degradation reaction SO4•− was also generated. Nine degradation intermediates with reduced toxicity were detected and possible ATZ degradation pathways were deduced, thus confirming the activation mechanism of CoNiFe-LDH. 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