Ectopic pregnancy

Botros Rizk, Mostafa I. Abuzeid, Christine B. Rizk, Sheri Owens, John LaFleur, Youssef Simaika
In: Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility · 2010 · pp. 259–270 · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511776854.033 · W2261613133
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This paper reviews adenomyosis, pelvic infections, and pelvic congestion syndrome as causes of chronic pelvic pain and highlights the utility of ultrasound for diagnosis.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-10 · read from full text ⓘ

This chapter reviews ultrasonography approaches for diagnosing early pregnancy abnormalities after infertility treatment, focusing on ectopic pregnancy and related variants such as heterotopic, cervical, ovarian, and abdominal pregnancy. It reports that, despite rising ectopic pregnancy rates linked to pelvic inflammatory disease and assisted reproductive technologies, there is no specific endometrial pattern or endometrial thickness that distinguishes ectopic from normal or abnormal intrauterine pregnancy, and that uterine secretions or blood may appear as a pseudogestational sac that can be mistaken for a true gestational sac. The chapter notes that adding color and pulsed Doppler may improve diagnostic sensitivity. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Adenomyosis is a common disorder in the gynecologic population that consists of the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium. Adenomyosis is associated with chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and feelings of pressure low in the pelvis due to uterine enlargement. Infection of the pelvis causes pain by several different mechanisms: pelvic inflammatory disease, puerperal infections, postoperative gynecologic surgery, and abortion-related infections. Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a pelvic pain syndrome caused by retrograde flow in an incompetent ovarian vein. Symptoms associated with PCS include a shifting location of pain, deep dyspareunia, and postcoital pain, with exacerbation of symptoms after prolonged standing. Ultrasound is a very useful tool for evaluating chronic pelvic pain sufferers. Patients have better satisfaction due to their understanding of their pain, with a goal of better productivity and return to normal function.
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- Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Copyright page - Dedication - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Preface - Acknowledgments - Section 1: Imaging techniques - Section 2: Ultrasonography in infertility - Section 3: Ultrasonography in assisted reproduction - Section 4: Early pregnancy after infertility treatment - Chapter 30 First-trimester pregnancy failure - Chapter 31 Ectopic pregnancy - Chapter 32 Heterotopic pregnancy and assisted reproduction - Chapter 33 Cervical pregnancy - Chapter 34 Congenital anomalies and assisted reproductive technologies - Chapter 35 Multiple pregnancy following IVF - Chapter 36 Ultrasonography in the prediction and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome - Index from Section 4: - Early pregnancy after infertility treatment Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 September 2011 Book contents - Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Copyright page - Dedication - Contents - Contributors - Foreword - Preface - Acknowledgments - Section 1: Imaging techniques - Section 2: Ultrasonography in infertility - Section 3: Ultrasonography in assisted reproduction - Section 4: Early pregnancy after infertility treatment - Chapter 30 First-trimester pregnancy failure - Chapter 31 Ectopic pregnancy - Chapter 32 Heterotopic pregnancy and assisted reproduction - Chapter 33 Cervical pregnancy - Chapter 34 Congenital anomalies and assisted reproductive technologies - Chapter 35 Multiple pregnancy following IVF - Chapter 36 Ultrasonography in the prediction and management of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome - Index The increased prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease and the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have increased the incidence of ectopic pregnancy over the past three decades. There is no specific endometrial pattern or thickness that can be used to suggest an ectopic pregnancy, or to differentiate the endometrial appearance in women subsequently shown to have an ectopic pregnancy versus normal or abnormal intrauterine pregnancy. The uterine cavity may contain secretions or blood and what is often termed a pseudogestational sac, because it can be mistaken for a true gestational sac. The use of color and pulsed Doppler could improve the sensitivity of making the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Interstitial or cornual ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that implants in the interstitial or intramural portion of the fallopian tube. This chapter discusses cervical ectopic pregnancy, ovarian pregnancy, abdominal pregnancy and heterotopic pregnancy. - Type - Chapter - Information - Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility , pp. 259 - 270Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010 Accessibility compliance for the HTML of this chapter is currently unknown and may be updated in the future. - 3 - Cited by To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle. Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. - Ectopic pregnancy - - Book: Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Online publication: 07 September 2011 To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox. - Ectopic pregnancy - - Book: Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Online publication: 07 September 2011 To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive. - Ectopic pregnancy - - Book: Ultrasonography in Reproductive Medicine and Infertility - Online publication: 07 September 2011

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Condition tags

adenomyosischronic_pelvic_paindysmenorrheadyspareunia

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References (41)

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