Nanoparticle-mediated molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor MIPs/ Au NPs/MoS 2 NPs/SPE for highly sensitive detection of γ-aminobutyric acid

Nanoparticle-mediated molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor MIPs/ Au NPs/MoS 2 NPs/SPE for highly sensitive detection of γ-aminobutyric acid | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Nanoparticle-mediated molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor MIPs/ Au NPs/MoS 2 NPs/SPE for highly sensitive detection of γ-aminobutyric acid Ping Sun, Hongkai Fan, Jia Han, Xuman Ouyang, Shenhui Ma, Yuyu Bu, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587110/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials → Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A nanoparticles-modified molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) sensor was successfully developed for the highly sensitive recognition and detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a crucial biomarker associated with mental disorders. Notably, the synergistic combination of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS 2 NPs) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functioned as an efficient nanoparticle-mediated active layer, significantly enhancing the electrochemical response. Subsequently, a molecularly imprinted membrane was polymerized on this modified surface to achieve selective GABA recognition. To further improve detection performance, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) were incorporated as a “built in” redox probe embedded into polypyrrole (PPY) framework. Additionally, a "Relative Oxidation Peak Height" analytical approach was introduced, effectively mitigating interference from various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Under optimized conditions, the sensor demonstrated good linearity across a broad concentration range (1 nM − 100 µM), where the reduction in redox probe current intensity correlated precisely with GABA concentration. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 7.82 × 10 − 10 M (S/N = 3). Importantly, the sensor displayed minimal cross-reactivity toward common interfering neurotransmitters such as glutamic acid (Glu), serotonin (5-HT), and acetylcholine (ACh). Validation experiments using artificial cerebrospinal fluid samples yielded recovery rates ranging from 96.65% to 105.2%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values consistently below 5%. Our results reveal that the controllable preparation of high-quality GABA MIPs electrochemical sensor, or other neurotransmitter sensor, can use this preparation and testing methods. γ-aminobutyric acid Molecularly imprinted polymers Prussian blue nanoparticles Nanoparticle-mediated active layer Au NPs/MoS2 NPs Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarymaterial.doc Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7587110","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":516437730,"identity":"8b150857-59fb-49c3-88ae-ad2e188a7c51","order_by":0,"name":"Ping Sun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xidian University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ping","middleName":"","lastName":"Sun","suffix":""},{"id":516437736,"identity":"b3bdf354-773a-4904-b044-f4673139d61b","order_by":1,"name":"Hongkai Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xidian 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acid","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-inorganic-and-organometallic-polymers-and-materials","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"joip","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials](https://www.springer.com/journal/10904)","snPcode":"10904","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10904/3","title":"Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"γ-aminobutyric acid, Molecularly imprinted polymers, Prussian blue nanoparticles, Nanoparticle-mediated active layer, Au NPs/MoS2 NPs","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587110/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587110/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA nanoparticles-modified molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) sensor was successfully developed for the highly sensitive recognition and detection of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a crucial biomarker associated with mental disorders. Notably, the synergistic combination of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles (MoS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e NPs) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) functioned as an efficient nanoparticle-mediated active layer, significantly enhancing the electrochemical response. Subsequently, a molecularly imprinted membrane was polymerized on this modified surface to achieve selective GABA recognition. To further improve detection performance, Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) were incorporated as a \u0026ldquo;built in\u0026rdquo; redox probe embedded into polypyrrole (PPY) framework. Additionally, a \"Relative Oxidation Peak Height\" analytical approach was introduced, effectively mitigating interference from various intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Under optimized conditions, the sensor demonstrated good linearity across a broad concentration range (1 nM \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;100 \u0026micro;M), where the reduction in redox probe current intensity correlated precisely with GABA concentration. The achieved limit of detection (LOD) was 7.82 \u0026times; 10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/sup\u003e M (S/N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3). Importantly, the sensor displayed minimal cross-reactivity toward common interfering neurotransmitters such as glutamic acid (Glu), serotonin (5-HT), and acetylcholine (ACh). Validation experiments using artificial cerebrospinal fluid samples yielded recovery rates ranging from 96.65% to 105.2%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values consistently below 5%. Our results reveal that the controllable preparation of high-quality GABA MIPs electrochemical sensor, or other neurotransmitter sensor, can use this preparation and testing methods.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Nanoparticle-mediated molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor MIPs/ Au NPs/MoS 2 NPs/SPE for highly sensitive detection of γ-aminobutyric acid","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-22 18:28:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7587110/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-08T06:37:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-27T04:44:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T16:49:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T11:21:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-17T10:04:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"236956099955980334586157179831754987584","date":"2025-09-16T08:49:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"206588890051814702176640431517587335828","date":"2025-09-15T08:10:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"226034399482244844859190948415637557076","date":"2025-09-15T04:26:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"324300699012304228438080299468456089003","date":"2025-09-13T21:03:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T12:28:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"57247115392252617520916650372598137919","date":"2025-09-13T04:18:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-13T04:10:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-12T15:00:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-12T13:21:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials","date":"2025-09-11T02:43:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-inorganic-and-organometallic-polymers-and-materials","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"joip","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials](https://www.springer.com/journal/10904)","snPcode":"10904","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10904/3","title":"Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a93a8774-109b-44f0-8da8-68b9c25acd92","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-29T16:09:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7587110","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-025-04122-7","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-inorganic-and-organometallic-polymers-and-materials","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-23 15:58:33","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 23rd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-22 18:28:55","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10904-025-04122-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-025-04122-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7587110","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7587110","identity":"rs-7587110","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}