Atmospheric Wave Trains Due to the Eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai on January 15, 2022 Detected by Himawari-8

Atmospheric Wave Trains Due to the Eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai on January 15, 2022 Detected by Himawari-8 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Atmospheric Wave Trains Due to the Eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai on January 15, 2022 Detected by Himawari-8 Taichi Murakami, Katsumi Ishimaru, Yuta Suzuki, Kenji Tanaka This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6483215/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We analyzed the propagation of atmospheric waves generated by the eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai on January 15, 2022 using infrared images acquired by Himawari-8. We used a sequence of high-frequency scanning imagery of the Japan region having a time interval of 2.5 minutes. We calculated the anomaly of the brightness temperature (Tbb) through temporal double integration after taking the second-order time derivative of Tbb. From the temporal–horizontal distribution of the Tbb anomaly, we searched for waveforms by data stacking. As a result, we detected Lamb mode in all infrared channels from Band 7 to Band 16. The Pekeris mode was visualized behind the Lamb mode in Band 12 and the Band 12 − Band 13 difference but was difficult to see in Bands 8, 9, and 10 corresponding to the mid-troposphere. The wave train as an internal gravity wave (IG-train) behind the Pekeris mode was visualized in each band, especially clearly in Band 12 and the Band 12 − Band 13 difference. The IG-train had a period range of 10–15 minutes, corresponding to that of the observed ground pressure. The phase velocity of the IG-train was estimated to be 199.1 ± 10.0 m/s, which is a typical speed of the tsunami phase propagating in the Pacific Ocean. The passage of the IG-train corresponded well with ground pressure variations and the peak tidal oscillations observed as volcanic meteotsunamis along Japan's Pacific coastline. volcanic eruption Pekeris modes train of internal gravity waves (IG-train) Himawari-8 meteotsunami multiple resonance Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplement 3 file is not available with this version. Supplementary Files Supplement1.mp4 Supplement2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 21 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6483215","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":447885717,"identity":"3bcfb2e8-4f68-4b66-a18b-e80f2243d0b3","order_by":0,"name":"Taichi Murakami","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hiroshima Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Murakami","suffix":""},{"id":447885718,"identity":"5bc0cc02-261d-48ec-9788-287818c00a46","order_by":1,"name":"Katsumi Ishimaru","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government Bureau of 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We used a sequence of high-frequency scanning imagery of the Japan region having a time interval of 2.5 minutes. We calculated the anomaly of the brightness temperature (Tbb) through temporal double integration after taking the second-order time derivative of Tbb. From the temporal\u0026ndash;horizontal distribution of the Tbb anomaly, we searched for waveforms by data stacking. As a result, we detected Lamb mode in all infrared channels from Band 7 to Band 16. The Pekeris mode was visualized behind the Lamb mode in Band 12 and the Band 12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;Band 13 difference but was difficult to see in Bands 8, 9, and 10 corresponding to the mid-troposphere. The wave train as an internal gravity wave (IG-train) behind the Pekeris mode was visualized in each band, especially clearly in Band 12 and the Band 12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;Band 13 difference. The IG-train had a period range of 10\u0026ndash;15 minutes, corresponding to that of the observed ground pressure. The phase velocity of the IG-train was estimated to be 199.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.0 m/s, which is a typical speed of the tsunami phase propagating in the Pacific Ocean. The passage of the IG-train corresponded well with ground pressure variations and the peak tidal oscillations observed as volcanic meteotsunamis along Japan's Pacific coastline.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Atmospheric Wave Trains Due to the Eruption of Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai on January 15, 2022 Detected by Himawari-8","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-02 02:25:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6483215/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"61321748177294949340455354664237511755","date":"2025-04-25T08:31:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"323975533901626130981628054521541904374","date":"2025-04-23T14:26:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T03:50:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-22T02:21:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-22T02:19:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","date":"2025-04-19T07:28:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-the-meteorological-society-of-japan","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"44394","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44394/3","title":"Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"540a96af-e014-472c-948f-406cdb06a73b","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-08T06:08:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-02 02:25:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6483215","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6483215","identity":"rs-6483215","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}