A Unique Occurrence of Vesical Endometriosis 16 Years After Cesarean Section: A Case Report

Background: The rare disorder urinary bladder endometriosis develops when endometrial tissue, which lines the uterus, grows in the bladder wall. This aberrant endometrial tissue causes hematuria, dysuria, and pelvic discomfort. Though, these symptoms are not exclusive to this illness, they make diagnosis difficult. Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and cystoscopy play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis. Treatment options range from medical management with hormonal therapies to surgical interventions like transurethral resection or partial cystectomy depending upon personal needs and endometriosis severity. Case Presentation: We are presenting a case report highlighting this uncommon yet clinically significant presentation of urinary bladder endometriosis in a 38-year-old female, who had been experiencing cyclical dysuria for about one year. Her medical history included two previous Caesarean deliveries with last being 16 years ago. MRI revealed variable intensity lesion with internal cystic areas along left posterolateral urinary bladder wall which was inseparable from lower segment caesarean section scar, indicative of urinary bladder endometriosis. Patient received medical treatment leading to resolution of her symptoms. Conclusion: Urinary bladder endometriosis following caesarean section is an uncommon but clinically significant condition that demands timely recognition and appropriate management. A thorough diagnostic workup, including imaging studies and cystoscopy, is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Tailored treatment plans, ranging from hormonal therapies to surgical interventions, should be considered based on disease extent, fertility desires, and overall patient health.